胸腔镜下食管平滑肌瘤摘除术83例临床分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜下摘除食管平滑肌瘤的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2002年12月至2012年8月间在复旦大学附属中山医院胸外科接受胸腔镜下食管平滑肌瘤摘除术的83例患者的临床资料.全组患者肿瘤直径为 0.8～12.0（平均3.3）cm,其中肿瘤直径大于5 cm者22例.结果 3例患者术中发现食管黏膜破裂,其中2例于胸腔镜下行食管黏膜修补,另1例中转开胸修补.全组手术时间40～300（平均83.0）min,术中出血 20～150（平均52.4）ml,术后住院时间3～50（平均5.8）d.术后1例患者出现食管瘘,经胸腔引流保守治疗治愈.80例（96.4％）患者获2～117月的术后随访,随访期间所有患者吞咽困难症状均消失,未见肿瘤复发、食管憩室及食管狭窄等发生.结论 胸腔镜下摘除食管平滑肌瘤是安全、有效的手术方式,并具有创伤小、康复快等优势.对于大于5 cm的食管平滑肌瘤,胸腔镜下摘除也是可供选择的手术方式,但应在具有一定胸腔镜手术经验的中心开展.     

Minimally invasive enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma

Background Leiomyoma accounts for 70% of all benign tumors of the esophagus. Open enucleation via thoracotomy has long been the standard procedure, but thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approaches have recently emerged as interesting alternatives. To date, only case reports or very small series of such techniques have been reported. The authors report their experience over the past decade. Methods Between January 1999 and August 2005, 11 patients (6 men and 5 women; median age, 44 years) underwent surgery after presenting with dysphagia, chest pain, or heartburn. The surgical approaches included right video-assisted thoracoscopy (n = 7) for tumors of the middle lower third of the esophagus and laparoscopy (n = 4) for tumors within 4 to 5 cm of the lower esophageal sphincter or located at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Intraoperative endoscopy with air insufflation during enucleation was used to confirm mucosal integrity and safeguard against esophageal perforation. Reapproximation of the muscle layers was performed after tumor enucleation to prevent the development of a pseudodiverticulum. A Nissen or Toupet fundoplication was added for patients undergoing laparoscopic enucleation of the leiomyoma. Results The median operative time was 150 min. All tumors were benign leiomyomas (median size, 4.5 cm). One leiomyoma located at the gastroesophageal junction required intraoperative mucosal repair with three stitches for an esophageal perforation (preoperative biopsies had been taken). There were no major morbidities, including deaths or postoperative leaks. The median postoperative hospital stay was 6 days. All the patients were free of dysphagia during a median follow-up period of 27 months. One patient had a small (<2 cm) asymptomatic pseudodiverticulum at the 6-month follow-up endoscopy. Conclusions Video-assisted enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma can be performed effectively and safely with no mortality and low morbidity. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic techniques for the removal of esophageal leiomyomas may be recommended as the treatment of choice in centers experienced with minimally invasive surgery. Presented as a video at the 13th European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Meeting, Venice, Italy, 2–4 June 2005     

胸、腹腔镜联合治疗食管癌2例报告

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合治疗食管癌的可行性和近期疗效。方法全麻。胸腔镜经4个trocar游离胸段食管并打开膈肌，留置引流管。腹腔镜同样经4个trocar游离胃。腹腔操作结束后，将食管从颈部切口提出，直视下切除病灶并吻合。留置鼻胃管和鼻空肠管。结果手术时间450、470min；术中出血量150、200ml，病灶彻底清除，切缘阴性。术后病理2例均为高分化鳞癌，T1N0M0。2例均随访4个月，无复发。结论胸、腹腔镜联合食管切除术可行，近期疗效满意。     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除与传统手术的对比分析

目的对比分析胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除与传统手术的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年12月至2012年6月,47例行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除与51例行传统三切口食管癌切除患者的临床资料,分析比较两组临床常见并发症等近期临床效果指标。结果胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除与传统手术在淋巴结清扫、再次开胸止血、吻合口瘘发生率、围术期病死率、2年生存率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除在平均出血量、胸腔引流管拔除时间、肺部感染发生率、平均住院时间方面明显优于传统手术（P〈0．05）;在手术时间方面稍长于传统手术（P〈0．05）。结论胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除与传统手术比较,安全可行,近期手术效果满意。     

胸、腹腔镜联合微创治疗食管癌的应用体会

目的:总结胸、腹腔镜联合微创治疗食管癌的临床经验.方法:回顾分析2007年8月至2010年4月为91例患者行胸、腹腔镜微创食管癌切除术的临床资料,其中食管上段癌16例,中段47例,下段28例.结果:本组手术均获成功.手术时间180~330min,平均260.4min,胸腔镜时间50~125min,腹腔镜时间38~90m...     

腔镜辅助下McKeown术式切除食管癌18年经验总结

目的总结腔镜辅助下McKeown术式切除食管癌的单中心18年经验体会。 方法回顾性分析1997年8月至2015年6月在温州医科大学附属台州医院胸外科行食管癌切除的639例患者的临床资料,其中在腔镜辅助下完成McKeown食管癌切除手术622例(97.34%)。食管肿瘤位于上、中、下段分别占7.98%、63.54%和28.48%,其中8.92%的患者术前接受放化疗。TNM分期中,0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别占10.33%、29.26%、42.10%、15.02%和3.29%;病理检查为鳞癌占92.02%,腺癌及其他类型占7.98%。手术采用腔镜辅助下经右胸、上腹、左颈入路,其中胸腔镜＋开腹占44.60%,胸腔镜＋腹腔镜占47.26%,开胸＋腹腔镜占5.48%,非计划中转开胸或开腹占2.66%。 结果胸腔镜下食管游离及胸腔淋巴结清扫时间为(78.6±36.9)min,腹腔镜下胃游离及腹区淋巴结清扫时间为(55.4±19.5)min;胸腔镜手术出血量为(99.5±79.2)ml,腹腔镜手术出血量为(40.5±23.4)ml。每例患者平均清扫淋巴结总数为(24.1±12.4)枚,其中胸腔淋巴结清扫(14.9±8.1)枚,腹腔淋巴结清扫(9.1±5.5)枚,颈区淋巴结清扫(1.5±1.3)枚。全组术中无死亡病例,术中因奇静脉或脾脏损伤出血4例,电凝钩或超声刀误伤气管4例,非病灶原因胸导管损伤13例,心房纤颤11例,食管切缘阳性R₁切除者4例。术后早期并发症超过10例次的包括肺部感染(11.42%)、颈部吻合瘘(7.04%)、心律失常(4.85%)、胸腔积液需要置管(3.29%)、喉返神经损伤(3.13%),术后乳糜胸(2.03%)。术后早期死亡6例(0.94%),分别为术后呼吸衰竭3例、气管管胃瘘后肺部严重感染1例、难控性高血糖并颈部吻合口瘘迁延不愈及多器官衰竭1例、胸胃瘘或坏死致主动脉腐蚀破裂出血1例。术后接受放化疗307例(48.04%);术后随访率为90.8%,平均随访时间(44.5±33.1)个月;术后1、2、3、5年的生存率分别为83.9%、69.7%、57.1%和45.5%。 结论腔镜辅助下McKeown术式食管癌切除在肿瘤R₀切除,以及术后近远期疗效上是可行且有效的。     

壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤十例患者诊治经验的初步探讨

目的通过对壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊疗进行回顾性分析,初步探讨其临床诊疗方式。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月于徐州医科大学附属医院泌尿外科行手术治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤10例患者资料。其中男性1例,女性9例,年龄33~51(44±6)岁。其中5例患者以膀胱刺激症状为主要临床表现,1例患者以下腹痛为主要表现,还有4例患者无明显临床症状,患者发病时间1周至2年,平均4.9个月。患者泌尿系彩超检查发现膀胱壁上形态规则、表面覆盖黏膜高回声的低回声包块。CTU检查为膀胱壁均质样实性肿块,边界清楚、光滑,无侵蚀表现,膀胱壁走形自然,且壁周脂肪间隙清晰,膀胱内可见充盈缺损。膀胱镜检查可见瘤体表面黏膜常完整连续,可见局部稍向膀胱内隆起。根据患者肿瘤部位、大小,10例患者分别采用经尿道平滑肌瘤剜除术和腹腔镜下平滑肌瘤剜除术,3例患者术中冰冻切片示:膀胱平滑肌瘤。结果10例患者中有临床症状者:其中5例以膀胱刺激症状为主诉的患者术后症状明显缓解,表现为下腹部疼痛症状的患者术后腹痛症状消失,所有患者术后均未发生并发症,术后随访4~24个月(平均16个月)均未见肿瘤复发且未诉漏尿等常见并发症。结论泌尿系彩超,CTU等影像学检查与膀胱镜相结合是诊断壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段,经尿道肿瘤剜除术、腹腔镜下肿瘤剜除术是治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效的手术方式且预后较好。     

Neonatal minimally invasive surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernias: a multicenter study using thoracoscopy or laparoscopy

Background  Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been described previously, but few neonatal cases of CDH have been reported. This study aimed to report the multicenter experience of these rare cases and to compare the laparoscopic and thoracoscopic approaches. Methods  Using MIS procedures, 30 patients (16 boys and 14 girls) from nine centers underwent surgery for CDH within the first month of life, 26 before day 5. Only one patient had associated malformations. There were 10 preterm patients (32–36 weeks of gestational age). Their weight at birth ranged from 1,800 to 3,800 g, with three patients weighing less than 2,600 g. Of the 30 patients, 18 were intubated at birth. Results  The MIS procedures were performed in 18 cases by a thoracoscopic approach and in 12 cases by a laparoscopic approach. No severe complication was observed. For 20 patients, reduction of the intrathoracic contents was achieved easily with 15 thoracoscopies and 5 laparoscopies. In six cases, the reduction was difficult, proving to be impossible for the four remaining patients: one treated with thoracoscopy and three with laparoscopy. The reasons for the inability to reduce the thoracic contents were difficulty of liver mobilization (1 left CDH and 2 right CDH) and the presence of a dilated stomach in the thorax. Reductions were easier for cases of wide diaphragmatic defects using thoracoscopy. There were 10 conversions (5 laparoscopies and 5 thoracoscopies). The reported reasons for conversion were inability to reduce (n = 4), need for a patch (n = 5), lack of adequate vision (n = 4), narrow working space (n = 1), associated bowel malrotation (n = 1), and an anesthetic problem (n = 1). Five defects were too large for direct closure and had to be closed with a patch. Four required conversion, with one performed through video-assisted thoracic surgery. The recurrences were detected after two primer thoracoscopic closures, one of which was managed by successful reoperation using thoracoscopy. Conclusions  In the neonatal period, CDH can be safely closed using MIS procedures. The overall success rate in this study was 67%. The indication for MIS is not related to weeks of gestational age, to weight at birth (if >2,600 g), or to the extent of the immediate neonatal care. Patients with no associated anomaly who are hemodynamically stabilized can benefit from MIS procedures. Reduction of the herniated organs is easier using thoracoscopy. Right CDH, liver lobe herniation, and the need for a patch closure are the most frequent reasons for conversion.     

胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗食管癌81例

目的 评估应用胸、腹腔镜联合手术治疗食管癌的可行性和疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年7月至2009年12月,81例在电视胸腔镜、腹腔镜联合辅助下经右胸、腹、左颈,行食管次全切除术及纵隔区、腹区两野淋巴结清扫术病人的临床资料.结果 所有病例均在胸、腹腔镜联合下完成食管癌根治术.全组总手术196～315 min,平均每例270.5 min,腹腔镜下胃游离及腹区淋巴结清扫40～90 min,平均约64.5 min;胸腔镜食管游离及纵隔淋巴结清扫60～125 min,平均81.2 min.全组共清扫淋巴结1652枚,平均每例20.4枚(5～41枚),转移率30.9%(25/81例);纵隔区淋巴结1012枚,平均每例12.5枚;清扫腹区淋巴结591枚、平均每例7.3枚.术中无大出血,腹腔出血30～100 ml,平均42.4 ml;胸腔出血60～300 ml,平均121.5 ml.术后住院8～45天,平均9.2天.术后早期并发症发生率为27.2%,呼吸衰竭1例死亡.肺部感染10例、喉返神经损伤5例、颈部吻合口瘘3例、乳糜胸2例、管状胃瘘1例和胸胃扩张各1例.术后79例随访2～31个月,平均14.2个月;死亡7例,总体生存率为91.1%.近中期并发症发生率为27.8%,其中反流性食管炎12例、复发或转移6例、吻合口狭窄5例.结论 胸、腹腔镜联合手术治疗食管癌创伤小,并发症低,生活质量改善.该术式技术上可行,其达到肿瘤根治目的 及临床疗效方面是有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the feasibility and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.Methods From July 2007 to December 2009,eighty-one patients with esophageal cancer received combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy with anastomosis in the neck.All clinical data were retrospectively reviewed.Results The median operative time was 270.5 min (range 196-315 min).The median time of gastric mobilization and abdominal lymph node dissection was 64.5 min,and the median time of esophageal dissection and mediastinall lymph node dissection was 81.2 min.The median blood loss was 121.5 ml for the thoracic phase and 42.4 ml for abdomen phase.The mean number of disected lymph nodes was 20.4 (range 5-41) with metastastic rate of 30.9% (25/81).The mean harvest lymph node was 12.5 in chest and 7.3 in abdomen.Perioperative complications rate was 27.2%,including respiratory failure in 1 case,pulmonary infection in 10,anastomotic leak in 3,chylothorax in 2,gastric tube dilatation in 1,gastric tube leak in 1.And recurrent laryneal nerve injury in 5 .Seventy-nine patients were followed up withmMean follow up time of 14.2 months( range 2-31 months).The overall one-year survival rate was 91.1%.Postoperative complications included anastomotic stenosis in 5 cases (6.3%),reflux esophagitis in 12 (15.2%) and recurrence or metastasis in 6 (7.6%).Conclusion Minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer can mimimus trauma,reduce post-operative complications,improve the quality of life,which is feasible and effective from the point of the clinical efficacy and the purpose of tumor therapy.     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除二野淋巴结清扫150例报告

目的总结开展胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌切除二野淋巴结清扫的早期经验。方法回顾性分析150例胸腹腔镜食管癌切除二野淋巴结清扫的临床资料。结果150例食管癌患者中．食管上段癌14例,中段癌95例。下段癌41例;其中鳞癌142例。其他类型癌8例。全组无术中死亡者,中转开胸6例,中转开腹2例。手术时间（258±45）min,其中胸腔操作（140±33）min。腹腔和颈部操作（119±28）min。平均术中出血（207±130）ml,切除淋巴结（23．3±8．2）枚／例。肿瘤分期为Ⅰ期39例,Ⅱ期58例,Ⅲ期53例。围手术期并发症发生率为32％（48／150）,其中肺部感染17例．喉返神经麻痹13例,颈部吻合口瘘和心律失常各9例,乳糜胸5例,暂时性胸胃排空障碍5例．肠梗阻2例,肠扭转1例,血小板减少1例。围手术期死亡2例．均死于肺部感染致呼吸衰竭。结论胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除二野淋巴结清扫是一种技术上可行的微创食管癌术式。     

Thoracoscopic surgery in the prone position for esophageal cancer in patients with situs inversus totalis: A report of two cases

IntroductionSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition characterized by a complete transposition of thoracic and abdominal organs. Here, we present two successful cases of left thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position for SIT-associated esophageal cancer.Presentation of caseOur first case was of an 82-year-old man who underwent a left thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position, followed by hand-assisted laparoscopic gastric mobilization. Surgical duration and blood loss were 661 min and 165 g, respectively. His postoperative course was uneventful. The second case was of a 66-year-old man who underwent a left thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position, followed by gastric mobilization via laparotomy owing to a concomitant intestinal malrotation and polysplenia. Surgical duration and blood loss were 637 min and 220 g, respectively. We trained for the surgical procedures preoperatively using left-inverted and right-inverted thoracoscopic surgical videos of patients with normal anatomy.DiscussionSurgical procedures in SIT patients are challenging owing to their mirrored anatomy. Recognition of their variations is thus important to avoid intraoperative accidental injuries. Left-inverted and right-inverted thoracoscopic surgical videos of patients with normal anatomy were found to be useful for image training prior to the actual surgery.ConclusionThoracoscopic surgical treatment for esophageal cancer associated with SIT in the prone position can be performed safely, similar to the manner performed for thoracoscopic surgery in the right decubitus position, or surgery via an open thoracotomy. Gastric mobilization via laparotomy should be considered in patients associated other anatomic variations.     

胸腔镜下食管平滑肌瘤摘除术39例

目的探讨胸腔镜下食管平滑肌瘤摘除术的可行性和有效性。方法回顾分析2002年12月至2008年11月共计39例食管平滑肌瘤胸腔镜手术患者的临床资料。结果36例患者经右侧进胸．3例经左侧进胸：胸腔镜下完成手术者38例,1例术中发生食管黏膜破裂,予以开胸行食管黏膜修补术。手术时间1～5（1．2±0．6）h;术中出血30～100（50±8．3）ml。肿瘤最大横径0．8～6．0（3．0±0．7）cm。术后胸管拔出时间为1～4（1．5±0．7）d：胸腔引流量为100～500（200±101）ml。除1例术中食管黏膜破裂行食管黏膜修补术．余患者无手术并发症和死亡发生。术后住院时间3-10（3．6±1．2）d。术后随访1个月至6年。所有患者未见肿瘤复发,无不适症状。结论胸腔镜下食管平滑肌瘤切除术安全可行．是治疗食管平滑肌瘤的主要手术方式之一。     

微创手术治疗食管癌160例临床分析

目的探讨微创手术治疗食管癌的可行性、安全性及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年2月至2011年12月四川大学华西医院采用微创手术完成的160例食管癌病例的临床资料。结果160例病例中男140例,女20例．平均年龄59．6岁。行胸腔镜腹腔镜联合食管切除术139例．腹腔镜纵隔镜联合食管切除术3例,腹腔镜辅助lvor—Lewis术15例．胸腹腔镜联合Ivor．Lewis3例。手术时间230～780（平均364．0）min,术中出血量20～4000（平均286．2）ml;获得R0切除152例（95．0％）,清扫淋巴结6。39（平均19．4）枚。中转开放手术11例（6．9％）,其中开胸9例。开腹2例：术中并发症发生率为11．3％（18／160）。重症监护室监护时间0。430h（平均22．1）h。术后住院时间7-93（平均13．1）d：术后并发症发生率34．4％（55／160）,术后30d内死亡率1．2％（2／160）。住院死亡率2．5％（4／160）。结论微创手术治疗食管癌在技术上安全可行,可取得相当于甚至优于传统手术的治疗效果。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopy for the removal of an esophageal leiomyoma.

The patient is a 39-year-old male who presented with noncardiac chest pain. His evaluation disclosed an esophageal leiomyoma. In this paper we will demonstrate the pre-operative findings and technique for removal of a benign esophageal tumor using hand-assisted laparoscopy. The patient was discharged home 2 days postoperative and returned to work 2 weeks postoperative with complete resolution of his symptoms. Hand-assisted laparoscopy provides a postoperative course that parallels the recovery from conventional laparoscopy. Additionally, the tactile sense that a surgeon looses from conventional laparoscopy is regained by this technology.     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除350例临床分析

目的：分析胸腹腔镜联合食管切除术（ TLE ）治疗食管癌的临床效果及学习曲线。方法回顾性分析2008年2月至2013年10月四川大学华西医院胸外科连续行TLE的350例患者临床资料,分析患者的术中及术后情况,评价该术式的临床疗效;根据患者接受TLE手术日期的顺序,将TLE开展的早期阶段150例病例平均分为3组,即TLE 1组、TLE 2组及TLE 3组,每组50例,比较3组间的围手术期指标,以分析该术式的学习曲线。结果全组无术中死亡病例,29例（8．3％）患者出现术中并发症,术中中转手术13例（3．7％,开胸9例、开腹4例）。全组手术时间为230～780（平均332．5） min,术中出血量为15～4000（平均160．8） ml。其中,R0切除333例（95．1％）,清扫淋巴结6～42（平均21．6）枚／例。术后住院时间为7～93（平均11．6） d。术后出现并发症75例（21．4％）,术后30 d内死亡3例（0．8％）。与TLE 1组比较,TLE 2组的手术时间、术中失血量、术后住院时间及术后并发症的发生率明显较低,淋巴结清扫数目明显较多（均P＜0．05）。TLE 3组除手术失血量明显少于TLE 2组外,两组间的其他围手术期指标差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。结论 TLE在技术上安全可行,且能够达到与传统食管癌手术相同的根治效果,是治疗食管癌的可选手术方式。开展TLE约50例后可基本掌握TLE的手术技巧。     

Enucleation of submucosal tumors of the esophagus: minimally invasive versus open approach

Background Surgical enucleation of submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the esophagus (mostly leiomyomas) is indicated when either the tumors are symptomatic or their biological behavior is unclear. The classic approach is a thoracotomy, but tumor enucleation can now also be performed via thoracoscopy or, for distal tumors, via laparoscopy.Methods We assessed our experience with the different approaches in a total of 25 patients (n = 13 minimally invasive approach and n = 12 open surgery). Enucleation of the SMT was the basic surgical principle; the choice of the approach was based on the preference of the surgeon.Results Compared to open surgery, the minimally invasive approach reduced pulmonary complications, hospital stay, and postoperative wound-related pain. The operating time was the same for both approaches.Conclusion Minimally invasive approaches are suitable for the surgical enucleation of submucosal esophageal tumors. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic techniques are recommended as standard procedures in experienced centers.     

腹腔镜联合胸腔镜辅助小切口食管癌根治术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胸腔镜辅助小切口行食管癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾分析为43例患者行腹腔镜联合胸腔镜辅助小切口食管癌根治术的临床资料。结果:43例手术均获成功,无中转开腹或开胸,无围手术期死亡。手术时间115～300min,平均(191.51±45.59)min,胸部切口长度、术后肛门排气时间及住院时间分别为(17.88±3.77)cm、(3.37±1.09)d、(17.33±4.06)d。淋巴结清扫总数、纵隔及腹腔淋巴结清扫数分别为(23.49±5.93)枚、(12.09±4.81)枚及(11.35±4.26)枚。6例发生手术相关并发症,均经治疗痊愈。全组术后近期随访效果良好。结论:腹腔镜联合胸腔镜辅助小切口行食管癌根治术安全可行,是微创、有效的手术方法。     

单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术六例

目的 探讨单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效。方法2010年3-12月间解放军总医院应用经口置入钉砧头系统（OrVil）．行单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术6例。患者先在平卧位下行腹腔镜游离胃并清扫腹腔淋巴结,然后取左侧卧位．在单操作孔胸腔镜下游离食管并清扫胸部淋巴结．最后将胃经膈肌裂孔上提到胸腔后制备管状胃．利用OrVil系统完成胃食管吻合。结果全组手术顺利。无中转开胸病例。手术时间200～320min：腹腔镜手术时间平均75（45～90）min,胸腔镜时间平均160（120～240）min。术中平均出血220（160～300）ml,平均清扫淋巴结12（9-18）枚。术后恢复顺利,未出现吻合口瘘、肺部感染、乳糜胸等严重并发症。结论单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌切除后,应用OrVil系统行胃食管胸顶吻合安全、可行。     

双镜联合微创手术对胸段食管癌患者肺功能及肿瘤微转移的影响

目的探究双镜联合微创手术对胸段食管癌患者肺功能及肿瘤微转移的影响。方法选取2017年7月至2019年7月于嘉兴市第二医院确诊为胸段食管癌并住院治疗的患者109例,根据治疗方式不同分为微创组(60例)和对照组(49例)。微创组在胸腔镜、腹腔镜辅助条件下进行手术,而对照组予以传统食管癌手术切除。比较两组患者的肺功能、红细胞免疫功能及病灶内侵袭基因表达量的差异。结果术后3 d,两组每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、肺活量(VC)较治疗前均下降(P<0.01),但微创组明显高于对照组[(69.90±7.07)vs(48.62±5.09),(75.12±7.93)vs(42.99±4.81),(74.57±7.30)vs(41.37±4.69)(P<0.01)];两组基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关蛋白1(TRAP1)mRNA较治疗前均下降(P<0.01),而微创组明显高于对照组[(0.54±0.09)vs(0.42±0.06),(0.52±0.08)vs(0.41±0.06)(P<0.01)];两组Krüppel样因子4(KLF4)、钙粘附蛋白E(E-cad-herin)mRNA较治疗前均升高(P<0.01),而微创组明显低于对照组[(2.87±0.30)vs(3.17±0.36),(2.92±0.32)vs(3.19±0.38)(P<0.01)]。手术结束微创组红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)较手术前1 d数值均有所升高(P<0.01),且术后1 d逐渐下降,术后3 d恢复至术前水平;手术结束微创组红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)、红细胞黏附肿瘤细胞花环率(TRR)较手术前1 d数值均下降(P<0.01),且术后1 d逐渐升高,术后3 d恢复至术前水平;除术前1 d外,微创组其余时间点的红细胞免疫功能各项指标与对照组比较差异有统计学意义[(手术结束时:(30.29±4.80)vs(34.68±5.47),(16.02±1.58)vs(12.03±1.17),(17.50±2.86)vs(12.59±2.26);术后1 d:(29.13±4.19)vs(35.01±5.29),(20.98±2.86)vs(16.23±2.40),(22.50±2.56)vs(17.39±2.34);术后3 d:(26.01±3.80)vs(31.50±5.01),(23.30±3.37)vs(18.02±2.79),(25.80±2.10)vs(21.19±2.60)(P<0.01)]。结论在行胸段食管癌根治术患者中,应用胸腔镜联合腹腔镜对其肺功能、红细胞免疫、肿瘤微转移的影响较小,值得推广。     

胸腹腔镜联合与常规三切口食管次全切除术治疗食管癌的比较研究

目的探讨胸腹腔镜联合食管次全切除术治疗食管癌的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年10月问在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受胸腹腔镜联合食管次全切除术的98例食管癌患者的临床资料。选择同期105例行常规三切口食管次全切除术的食管癌患者作为对照。结果与常规三切口组相比,胸腹腔镜联合组患者术中出血量减少[（85．1±32．8）ml比（215．5±60．6）ml],术后住院时间缩短[（12．7±3．5）d比（16．9±4．5）d],术后肺炎[4．1％（4／98）比12．4％（13／105）]、肺不张[3．1％（3／98）比10．5％（11／105）]、需要处理的胸腔积液[3．1％（3／98）比10．5％（11／105）]、急性呼吸窘迫[1．0％（1／98）比7．6％（8／105）]及心律失常[4．1％（4／98）比12.4％（13／105）]等心肺系统并发症发生率下降,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。两组手术时间和淋巴结清扫数目的差异无统计学意义,术后吻合口瘘、脓胸、乳糜胸、二次开腹、二次开胸、声带麻痹、肾功能衰竭、胃排空障碍发生率及病死率的差异亦无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论胸腹腔镜食管次全切除术治疗食管癌在技术上是安全可行的．在减少术中出血量、降低术后心肺系统并发症和缩短术后住院时间上具有优势。