应用于膳食模式研究的简化膳食频率问卷信度和效度评价

目的评价应用于膳食模式研究的简化膳食频率问卷的信度和效度。方法对94名40～80岁上海市社区居民进行了两次简化膳食频率问卷(FFQ25)、一次完整膳食频率问卷(FFQ146)和一次3d24h膳食纪录(DR)的调查。FFQ25的重测信度以间隔2 w的两次食物摄入量比较和相关系数进行评价。FFQ25的效度以FFQ25与FFQ146、FFQ25与DR的食物摄入量和膳食模式分析结果进行评价。结果前后两次FFQ25的食物摄入量差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),相关系数在0.56～0.87(P<0.01)。FFQ25与FFQ146、DR食物摄入量的相关系数为0.31～0.72(P<0.01),膳食模式因子负荷相关系数为0.54～0.77(P<0.01)。膳食模式因子积分的Bland-Altman分析表明FFQ25与FFQ146、FFQ25与DR的因子积分具有较好的一致性。结论 FFQ25具有较好的重测信度和膳食模式分析效度,且简单方便,可用于调查城市中老年人群的膳食模式研究。     

食物频率问卷法评估1-3岁幼儿营养素摄入量准确性及重现性研究北大核心CSCD

目的食物频率问卷法（FFO）问卷评估1～3岁幼儿膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性及重现性进行验证。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式在中国北京分别选取2个社区卫生服务中心,随机抽取60名1～2岁幼儿和60名2～3岁幼儿,使用24h膳食回顾（24HDR）和FFQ收集其食物摄入资料,调查共两轮,间隔时间2个月,通过两轮24HDR和FFQ的均值间的比较进行FFQ准确性研究,首轮FF01结果与二轮FFQ2~果之间的比较进行FFQ重现性研究。结果由24HDR计算得到的对象能量摄入为4．64kJ（1108kcal）／d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入分别为41．4、44．7和146．9g／d。由FFO得到的能量摄入量为4．76kJ（1138kcal）／d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为46．2、63．9和136g／d,两种方法调查所得的膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量（高估42．9％）。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于24HDR,但低估了钠和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,只有能量、碳水化合物及其供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、B2、钙和磷在能量调整后与24HDR呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.3～0．5之间。能量和营养素摄入在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0．208（胡萝卜素）～0．593（脂肪）之间,且均呈显著性相关。结论FFQ可以用于评估1～3岁幼儿膳食能量、碳水化物、膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B2、钙和磷的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、蛋白质及其他微量元素的摄入量。     

食物频率问卷法评估1-3岁幼儿营养素摄入量准确性及重现性研究

目的食物频率问卷法(FFQ)问卷评估1³岁幼儿膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性及重现性进行验证。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式在中国北京分别选取2个社区卫生服务中心,随机抽取60名13岁幼儿膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性及重现性进行验证。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式在中国北京分别选取2个社区卫生服务中心,随机抽取60名1²岁幼儿和60名22岁幼儿和60名2³岁幼儿,使用24h膳食回顾(24HDR)和FFQ收集其食物摄入资料,调查共两轮,间隔时间2个月,通过两轮24HDR和FFQ的均值间的比较进行FFQ准确性研究,首轮FFQ1结果与二轮FFQ2结果之间的比较进行FFQ重现性研究。结果由24 HDR计算得到的对象能量摄入为4.64kJ(1108kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入分别为41.4、44.7和146.9g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为4.76kJ(1138 kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为46.2、63.9和136 g/d,两种方法调查所得的膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估42.9%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于24HDR,但低估了钠和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,只有能量、碳水化合物及其供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、B2、钙和磷在能量调整后与24HDR呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.33岁幼儿,使用24h膳食回顾(24HDR)和FFQ收集其食物摄入资料,调查共两轮,间隔时间2个月,通过两轮24HDR和FFQ的均值间的比较进行FFQ准确性研究,首轮FFQ1结果与二轮FFQ2结果之间的比较进行FFQ重现性研究。结果由24 HDR计算得到的对象能量摄入为4.64kJ(1108kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入分别为41.4、44.7和146.9g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为4.76kJ(1138 kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为46.2、63.9和136 g/d,两种方法调查所得的膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估42.9%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于24HDR,但低估了钠和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,只有能量、碳水化合物及其供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、B2、钙和磷在能量调整后与24HDR呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.3⁰.5之间。能量和营养素摄入在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0.208(胡萝卜素)0.5之间。能量和营养素摄入在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0.208(胡萝卜素)⁰.593(脂肪)之间,且均呈显著性相关。结论 FFQ可以用于评估10.593(脂肪)之间,且均呈显著性相关。结论 FFQ可以用于评估1³岁幼儿膳食能量、碳水化物、膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B2、钙和磷的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、蛋白质及其他微量元素的摄入量。[营养学报,2014,36(1):45-48]     

食物频率问卷法评估人群膳食营养素摄入量的相对效度研究

目的 以称重记录法结合24 h回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率问卷法(FFQ)应用于调查人群膳食营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法 采用随机抽样的方法在上海市抽取闵行区和金山区居民作为调查对象。使用称重法结合24 h膳食回顾法与食物频率问卷法对调查对象进行膳食调查,并以称重法结合24 h膳食回顾法作为标准,采用t检验,Wilcoxon秩和检验及相关系数检验对食物频率问卷所得数据进行统计分析。结果 FFQ和24 h回顾调查2种方法食用的食物大类相同,获得的谷类、豆类及其制品、蔬菜、十字花科蔬菜、水果、肉禽水产类以及奶及奶制品的每日摄入量有相关性(相关系数0.248~1.000)。FFQ和24 h回顾调查2种方法获得的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、胆固醇每日摄入量均呈显著正相关(相关系数0.209~0.340),其中能量与脂肪无统计学差异;镁、钾、磷、锰、碘、钙与硒每日摄入量呈显著正相关(相关系数0.204~0.419),其中镁、钾、磷、锰、碘元素无统计学差异;维生素B1、B2、C、烟酸每日摄入量均呈显著正相关(相关系数0.170~0.305),其中维生素B1、B2无统计学差异。结论 食物频率问卷可以评估碘元素、十字花科蔬菜、大豆异黄酮以及能量、脂肪、镁、钾、磷、锰、维生素B1和维生素B2摄入量。     

中国人群食物频率法的建立与应用

目的建立、验证并推广中国人群食物频率评价方法。方法 1996—1999年开展"膳食、生活方式与慢性疾病的前瞻性研究"对1. 2万人群进行调查,建立包括17类食物的简化食物频率问卷(FFQ); 1998—2000年,"中国对不同菜系地区居民膳食、营养与健康特点的研究"中对四个菜系地区540名中老年人进行调查,建立了包括16类84种食物的FFQ长问卷;于1999—2001年进行"用食物频率法对中国人膳食及营养状况进行评价的信度与效度研究",所用问卷包括17类149种食物,共有300名成年人参加。结果建立并验证了适合中国膳食特点的、可用于不同规模、不同目的 FFQ膳食调查法。2002年至今,食物频率法被推广应用在20余项各种膳食评价目的的国内外研究中,包括在国家级调查和监测工作中持续使用。结论中国食物频率法的建立和应用推动了中国膳食评价方法的进步,为评价长期膳食习惯和营养状况对健康的影响建立了可行的方法。     

大学生食物频率问卷编制及其信度、效度评价

大学生处在机体代谢旺盛阶段,而且学习任务繁重,因此,合理营养对促进其身体健康、满足脑力活动所需至关重要.有调查显示,大学生的膳食营养状况不容乐观[1-3].在营养与疾病的相关性研究中,食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)法优于短期膳食回忆和膳食记录法,通常被认为是膳食调查的最佳方法[4].为保证获取真实而有效的调查结果,需要对食物频率问卷的信度和效度进行评价.本研究设计一种适合大学生自行填写的评价其膳食结构与饮食行为FFQ,并通过2009年4、10月应用该问卷调查对403名大学生进行该问卷的信度和效度评价.现将结果报告如下.     

居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响

目的 调查上海市社区老年人的居住模式及膳食摄入情况,研究居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取上海市共1278位60岁及以上老年人,应用中国成年人情绪性量表及老年抑郁量表简版(GDS-15)进行心理健康调查,采用简易食物频率问卷(FFQ)进行膳食营养调查,了解老年人营养状况及膳...     

新疆饮食特点食物频率问卷信度和效度评价

目的对自行设计的食物频率问卷信度和效度进行评价,为饮食习惯与慢性疾病关联性的研究提供一个简便、可靠的测量工具。方法 2018年9月,以自愿参与的形式招募118名乌鲁木齐市居民,通过自行设计的食物频率问卷结合连续3天24 h膳食记录,了解调查对象膳食摄入水平。对调查对象进行第1次食物频率问卷调查后,间隔4周再进行第2次相同的食物频率问卷调查,比较前后2次调查结果所得能量与各营养素的相关性检验问卷的信度;对同一调查对象在进行第1次食物频率问卷调查之后,用连续3天24 h膳食记录法作为对照,进行效度检验。结果 (1)信度研究中,总能量和各营养素摄入量均呈显著正相关,Pearson相关系数在0.431(锰)和0.988(维生素A)之间,平均相关系数为0.775。(2)效度研究中,食物频率问卷与连续3天24 h膳食记录膳食调查所得总能量和营养素摄入量呈显著正相关,Pearson相关系数在0.312(硫胺素)和0.993(锌)之间,平均值为0.627。(3)在一致率分析中,膳食营养素的信度一致率为96%,膳食营养素的效度一致率为100%。结论所制订的膳食食物频率问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于膳食营养与慢性病相关性研究。     

广州地区食物频率问卷信度和效度研究

目的对广州地区人群营养与慢性病研究中使用的食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)进行信度和效度研究。方法间隔2～5周进行两次FFQ调查,比较两次结果的相关性,检验问卷的信度。在3个月内进行3次三日膳食回顾和1次FFQ调查,用3次三日膳食回顾的平均结果与FFQ的相关性分析结果评价FFQ的内容效度。结果 (1)信度研究中膳食能量和10种营养素均为显著性正相关,以原始数值计算的相关系数(r)为0.379～0.740,平均值为0.609;经自然对数转换后的平均r为(0.589±0.123);校正能量后平均r为(0.511±0.139)。(2)效度研究中FFQ与三日膳食回顾法的膳食能量和10种营养素均为显著正相关,以原始数值计算的r为0.318～0.782,平均值0.439;自然对数转换后的平均r为(0.448±0.122);校正能量后平均r为(0.427±0.132)。(3)食物和营养素的信度研究一致率分别为70.3%和100.0%,营养素的效度一致率为100.0%。结论所制订的广州地区FFQ具有较好的信度和效度,是研究广州市人群营养与慢性病关系较为理...     

广州番禺区大学城学生膳食与营养状况分析

分析广州大学城内10所大学在校学生在学校食堂的膳食与营养状况,为指导大学生进行科学合理的膳食选择提供依据.方法 从广州大学城内10所大学整群分层随机选取1 867名在校大学生,采用食物频率问卷法(FFQ)和24h膳食回顾法进行调查.结果 食堂提供的食物是大学生营养膳食补充的主要来源,但是44.0%的学生在校食堂用餐时的膳食结构较差.大学生奶制品、水产品、水果类食物每日人均摄人量分别为56.2 g,19.4 g,6.5g,均低于“中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔”建议的摄入量,导致蛋白质、硫胺素、锌和钙元素的缺乏.结论 广州大学城大学生在学校食堂的膳食结构存在较多问题.需要进一步加强营养教育与干预,保证均衡饮食和合理营养.     

Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh City

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among individuals living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. METHODS: A total of 116 food items in our FFQ were selected by ranking food items according to their contribution to the population intake of nutrients, based on multiple 24-hour recalls (24HRs) from 144 participants in July 2001. The FFQ was validated by using three 24HRs for 118 men and women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in August 2002. The reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by repeated administration at 7 +/- 3.4 days. RESULTS: The reproducibility study showed that Spearman correlation coefficients, adjusted for energy intake, ranged from 0.47 to 0.72, and that weighted kappa values ranged from 0.42 for lipid to 0.65 for potassium. In the validation study, correlation coefficients, adjusted for energy intake, between the FFQ and the 24HRs ranged from 0.16 (calcium) to 0.45 (retinol). The proportion of subjects classified by the FFQ into the same third as determined by the 24HRs was between 42% and 62%. CONCLUSIONS: This food frequency questionnaire measured the usual intake of major nutrients for Vietnamese adults living in Ho Chi Minh City and its urban area, where dietary patterns are similar to those of the Vietnamese population.     

Reproducibility and Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire among Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh City

Objective: Our objective was to assess the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among individuals living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Methods: A total of 116 food items in our FFQ were selected by ranking food items according to their contribution to the population intake of nutrients, based on multiple 24-hour recalls (24HRs) from 144 participants in July 2001. The FFQ was validated by using three 24HRs for 118 men and women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in August 2002. The reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by repeated administration at 7 ± 3.4 days.

Results: The reproducibility study showed that Spearman correlation coefficients, adjusted for energy intake, ranged from 0.47 to 0.72, and that weighted kappa values ranged from 0.42 for lipid to 0.65 for potassium. In the validation study, correlation coefficients, adjusted for energy intake, between the FFQ and the 24HRs ranged from 0.16 (calcium) to 0.45 (retinol). The proportion of subjects classified by the FFQ into the same third as determined by the 24HRs was between 42% and 62%.

Conclusions: This food frequency questionnaire measured the usual intake of major nutrients for Vietnamese adults living in Ho Chi Minh City and its urban area, where dietary patterns are similar to those of the Vietnamese population.     

Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for Nepalese diet

We developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to measure the dietary practices of adult Nepalese. The present study examined the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ. To evaluate the reproducibility of the FFQ, 116 subjects completed two 115-item FFQ across a four-month interval. Six 24-h dietary recalls were collected (1 each month) to assess the validity of the FFQ. Seven major food groups and 23 subgroups were clustered from the FFQ based on macronutrient composition. Spearman correlation coefficients evaluating reproducibility for all food groups were greater than 0.5, with the exceptions of oil. The correlations varied from 0.41 (oil) to 0.81 (vegetables). All crude spearman coefficients for validity were greater than 0.5 except for dairy products, pizzas/pastas and sausage/burgers. The FFQ was found to be reliable and valid for ranking the intake of food groups for Nepalese dietary intake.     

Reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire

The reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were evaluated. Subjects were 72 (36 men and 36 women) residents of N island, Shimane Prefecture in Japan, aged 50-76 years. The questionnaire was administered twice at an interval of one week (FFQ1, FFQ2), and 7-day weighing diet records were collected during that period. This protocol was conducted in summer and winter. The mean intakes for 11 nutrients calculated from the FFQ1 and FFQ2 were similar and, those from the FFQ1 were smaller than those from the diet records for all but fat and vitamin C. Pearson correlation coefficients assessing reproducibility between nutrient intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from 0.59 for vitamin C to 0.90 for carbohydrate. Validity was measured by comparing nutrient intakes from FFQ1 with those from the 7-day diet record, and Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 for iron to more than 0.35 for total energy and macronutrients. These correlation coefficients showed slight difference by gender or age group, but did not vary materially between seasons. These data indicate that this questionnaire is reproducible but has some problems in validity.     

Reproducibility and Relative Validity of Food Group Intake in a Food Frequency Questionnaire Developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Objective

To examine the validity and reproducibility of food groups in the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Methods

To evaluate the reproducibility of food groups included in the FFQ, 132 subjects (61 men and 71 women) aged 20 years or older twice completed a 168-item FFQ (FFQ1, FFQ2), with a 14-month interval between FFQ1 and FFQ2. Over the 1-year interval, 12 dietary recalls (DRs) were collected (1 each month) to assess the validity of the FFQ. Seventeen food groups were derived from the FFQ based on methods described in previous studies. Age-adjusted and deattenuated Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the validity of the FFQ.

Results

The mean (SD) age and body mass index of subjects were 35.5 (16.8) years and 25.5 (5.2) kg/m², respectively. Validity correlation coefficients ranged from 0.03 (liquid oil) to 0.77 (simple sugars) in men (median, 0.44), and from 0.12 (snacks) to 0.79 (simple sugars) in women (median, 0.37). The energy-adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient, which reflects the reproducibility of the FFQ, was 0.51 in men and was highest for tea and coffee (0.91); in women it was 0.59 and was highest for simple sugars (0.74). The highest percentage of complete agreement and disagreement was observed for snacks and desserts (60.6%) and potatoes and dairy products (12.8%), respectively, in men, and tea and coffee (62.9%) and legumes (15.7%) in women.

Conclusions

The FFQ that was designed for the TLGS was found to be reliable and valid for assessing the intake of several food groups.Key words: food frequency questionnaire, validity and reproducibility, food group, Tehran     

Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Food Group Intake in Pregnant Jordanian Women

BackgroundResearch on the relationship between maternal diet and pregnancy outcomes requires valid dietary assessment tools in pregnancy.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and examine the relative validity and reproducibility of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate food group intake in a sample of pregnant Jordanian women.DesignIn this validation study, food group intake from a culturally sensitive quantitative FFQ was compared with food group intake from three 24-hour dietary recalls.Participants and settingThe validation study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the maternity clinics in Jordan University Hospital among 131 healthy singleton pregnant Jordanian women. Of these women, 30 also took part in the reproducibility phase, which involved repeated completion of the FFQ in a time frame of 1 month. Pregnant women who had gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and chronic diseases were excluded.Main outcome measuresRelative validity and reproducibility of a 117-item quantitative FFQ used to estimate usual food intake over a period of 1 month.Statistical analyses performedIntraclass correlation coefficients and weighted κ statistics were calculated to test the reproducibility between the two administrations of the FFQ. Pearson correlations were estimated to validate the FFQ against 24-hour dietary recalls. Cross-classification and Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the agreement between the two dietary assessment methods.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients between the two FFQs ranged from 0.24 for legumes to 0.93 for processed meats. A moderate level of agreement was observed between two FFQs. De-attenuated and energy-adjusted correlations ranged from 0.08 for sweets and sugar to 0.93 for sugary drinks. On average, 50.9% and 45.2% of participants were classified by the FFQ and the 24-hour dietary recalls into the same quartile based on their crude and energy-adjusted food group intake, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed satisfactory agreement between two methods for most food groups.ConclusionsThe FFQ showed moderate reproducibility and good relative validity for most food groups.     

Reproducibility and Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) Developed for Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Semarang,Indonesia

We assessed the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among middle-aged and older adults in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 259 subjects aged 40–80 years completed two FFQs (nine-month apart) and nine 24 h dietary recalls (24HDRs, as a reference method). The reproducibility of the FFQ was analyzed using correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa statistics and misclassification analysis. The validity was estimated by comparing the data acquired from FFQ1 and 24HDRs. The crude Pearson’s correlation coefficients and ICC for total energy and nutrients between FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from 0.50 to 0.81 and 0.44 to 0.78, respectively. Energy adjustment decreased the correlation coefficients for most nutrients. The crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients for FFQ1 and 24HDRs ranged from 0.41 to 0.70, 0.31 to 0.89 and 0.54 to 0.82, respectively. The agreement rates for the same or adjacent quartile classifications were 81.1–94.6% for two FFQs and 80.7–89.6% for FFQ1 and 24HDRs. The weighted kappa values were 0.21 to 0.42 for two FFQs and 0.20 to 0.34 for FFQ1 and 24HDRs. A positive mean difference was found in the Bland–Altman analyses for energy and macronutrients. The FFQ could be acceptable for nutritional epidemiology study among Indonesians.     

Validity and reliability of a new food frequency questionnaire compared to 24 h recalls and biochemical measurements: pilot phase of Golestan cohort study of esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: A pilot study was carried out to evaluate validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was designed to be used in a prospective cohort study in a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in northern Iran. METHODS: The FFQ was administered four times to 131 subjects, aged 35-65 years, of both sexes. Twelve 24-h dietary recalls for two consecutive days were administered monthly during 1 year and used as a reference method. The excretion of nitrogen was measured on four 24-h urine samples, and plasma levels of beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C and alpha-tocopherol was measured from two time points. Relative validity of FFQ and 24-h diet recall was assessed by comparing nutrient intake derived from both methods with the urinary nitrogen and plasma levels of beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C and alpha-tocopherol. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients comparing energy and nutrients intake based on the mean of the four FFQ and the mean of twelve 24-h diet recalls were 0.75 for total energy, 0.75 for carbohydrates, 0.76 for proteins and 0.65 for fat. Correlation coefficients between the FFQ-based intake and serum levels of beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C and vitamin E/alpha-tocopherol were 0.37, 0.32, 0.35 and 0.06, respectively. Correlation coefficients between urinary nitrogen and FFQ-based protein intake ranged from 0.23 to 0.35. Intraclass correlation coefficients used to measure reproducibility of FFQ ranged from 0.66 to 0.89. CONCLUSION: We found that the FFQ provides valid and reliable measurements of habitual intake for energy and most of the nutrients studied.     

Validity and reproducibility of the food-frequency questionnaire used in the Shanghai men's health study

We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS). The study included 195 randomly selected participants of the SMHS who completed one FFQ at baseline, twelve 24-hour dietary recalls (24-HDR) (once a month for twelve consecutive months) and a second FFQ at the end of the study. The FFQ accounted for 88.78% of the foods recorded in the 24-HDR surveys. The validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intake levels from the second FFQ and the multiple 24-HDR. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.38 to 0.64 for macronutrients, 0.33 to 0.58 for micronutrients and 0.35 to 0.72 for food groups. Misclassification to opposite quartiles for nutrients and food groups was rare, ranging from 1.5 to 7.7%, while exact agreement rates were between 31.8 and 53.3%. The reliability of the FFQ was assessed by comparing the intake levels from the two FFQ. Correlation coefficients were 0.39 to 0.53 for macronutrients, 0.38 to 0.52 for micronutrients and 0.39 to 0.64 for food groups. Exact agreement rates for quartile distribution were between 31.8 and 49.2%, while misclassification to opposite quartiles was between 1.5 and 6.2%. These data indicate that the SMHS FFQ can reasonably categorise usual intake of nutrients and food groups among men living in urban Shanghai.