多器官衰竭病人中氧耗的病理性氧供依赖性

在本研究中，试图证实存在于多器官衰竭病人中的氧摄取缺陷，１８例重危病人分成二组：ＭＯＦ组ｎ＝１０）和非ＭＯＦ组（Ｎ＝８）。二组之间在观察的初期和终未期，未发现显著的氧动力学变化，观察终末期的死亡期，ＭＯＦ组显著高于非ＭＯＦ组（８０％ＶＳ１２．５％），但以出院死亡率相比，二组间无显著差异。氧耗病理性氧供依赖性的发生率ＭＯＦ组较高。因此，得出如下结合：单次氧动力学测量并不能反映组织的氧合状况的疾病的严     

脑中风患者机械通气后的氧动力学变化

对７例接受机械通气的重症中风患者氧动力学指标进行研究。发现中风后第３天时系统氧输送（ＤＯ２）与中风第１天相比显著增加（５８８±２５４ｍｌｍｉｎ－１／ｍ２比４４８±２０６ｍｌｍｉｎ－１／ｍ２），而心脏指数（ＣＩ）和动脉血氧含量（ＣａＯ２）却无相应的变化；中风后第７天脑组织（５１％±６％比３３％±１７％）和系统的氧摄取率（ＥＲ，５３％±２２％比２８％±１３％）与中风后第１天相比显著增高，以满足氧消耗（ＶＯ２）的增加（２３０±１５３ｍｌｍｉｎ－１／ｍ２比１１４±４９ｍｌｍｉｎ－１／ｍ２）。３例有并发症的中风患者存在氧耗的病理性氧供依赖性。因此推论：由ＣＩ和ＣａＯ２计算所得的ＤＯ２较血流动力学指标的变化可能更敏感；已经治疗７天的中风患者仍存在较高的ＥＲ，可能预后较差；没有严重并发症的中风患者是否存在氧耗的病理性氧供依赖性有待进一步研究     

西宁地区肺心病急发期患者氧动力学变化与多器官功能损害的临床研究

目的：以肺心病急发期氧动力学变化的特征来研究发生多器官功能损害（ＭＯＤＳ）的可能机制及治疗效果。方法：对２０例病人行Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测，以热稀释法测定心输出量、计算氧输送（ＤＯ２）、氧耗量（Ｖ·Ｏ２）及氧摄取（Ｏ２ｅｘｔ）；结果：成活组及死亡组的Ｏ２ｅｘｔ均下降，但无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）。第１天成活组的ＤＯ２和Ｖ·Ｏ２基本在正常范围，二者无相关（γ＝０２６５，Ｐ＞００５），第２～３天时，成活组的ＤＯ２和Ｖ·Ｏ２继续升高，且出现了病理性氧供依赖（γ＝０６５４，Ｐ＜００５），但当ＤＯ２超过７２０ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２时，Ｖ·Ｏ２上升缓慢，相关关系消失（γ＝０１９４３，Ｐ＞００５），而死亡组无此种变化规律，且ＤＯ２与Ｖ·Ｏ２逐渐下降，与成活组相比差异显著（Ｐ＜００１），并出现序贯性脏器功能损害。结论：肺心病急发期时Ｏ２ｅｘｔ已明显障碍，ＤＯ２减低致Ｖ·Ｏ２下降可能是导致ＭＯＤＳ的主要原因     

西宁地区肺心病急发期患者氧动力学变化与多器官功能损害的临床 …

目的：以肺心病急发期氧动力学变化的特征来研究发生多器官功能损害（ＭＯＤＳ）的可能机制及治疗效果。方法：对２０例病人行Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测，以热稀释法测定心输出量，计算氧输送（ＤＯ２），氧耗量（ＶＯ２）及氧摄取（Ｏ２ｅｘｔ）；结果：成活组及死亡组的Ｏ２ｅｘｔ均下降，但无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），第１天成活组的ＤＯ２和ＶＯ２基本在正常范围，二者无相关（γ＝０．２６５，Ｐ〉０．０５），第２～３天时     

脓毒性休克时大鼠全身氧供给与氧消耗关系的变化

目的：观察脓毒性休克时全身氧供给（ＤＯ２）与氧消耗（ＶＯ２）关系的变化。方法：以改良的盲肠结扎穿孔（ＣＬＰ）方法制备大鼠脓毒性休克模型，观察大鼠休克过程中ＤＯ２、ＶＯ２、氧摄取率（ＥＲＯ２）等变化。结果：ＣＬＰ后５小时已出现平均动脉压明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在休克早期，ＤＯ２即进行性下降，ＥＲＯ２出现代偿性升高，ＶＯ２维持相对不变，呈非氧供依赖关系；当ＤＯ２降至３４．６０ｍｌ·ｋｇ－１／ｍｉｎ后，ＶＯ２随ＤＯ２线性降低（ｒ＝０．７３３，Ｐ＜０．０１），即呈病理性氧供依赖关系。结论：脓毒性休克时ＤＯ２与ＶＯ２间呈双相变化关系，病理性氧供依赖的出现与组织氧摄取和氧利用功能障碍有关。     

高原地区肺源性心脏病急性发作期患者氧动力学变化的临床研究

目的：了解高原地区肺源性心脏病（肺心病）患者氧动力学的基本变化规律,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法：利用ＳｗａｎＧａｎｚ导管及热稀释法心输出量测定技术对西宁地区２０例肺心病急性发作期患者进行临床监测。结果：在机械通气条件下,全部患者氧输送（ＤＯ２）水平在监测开始第１日略有升高,而氧耗量（ＶＯ２）升高不明显,二者之间无相关（ｒ＝０．０３２０,Ｐ＞０．０５）;第２～３日ＤＯ２继续升高到６００ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２以上时,ＶＯ２亦随之升高,出现病理性氧供依赖（ｒ＝０．６５４７,Ｐ＜０．０５）,在ＤＯ２超过７２０ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２以后,ＶＯ２的上升趋于平缓,相关关系消失（ｒ＝０．１９４３,Ｐ＞０．０５）,氧摄取率在ＤＯ２低于５５０ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２时出现低水平代偿,以后均处于较低水平,与ＶＯ２呈负相关关系（ｒ＝－０．４０６８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：肺心病患者氧摄取功能已出现明显障碍,致使ＤＯ２与ＶＯ２之间出现病理性氧供依赖;肺心病急性发作期患者存在“最佳氧供区间”,提示对于这类患者在抢救治疗中必须将ＤＯ２水平调整至此区间内才能有效地保证机体氧供给需要     

一种新高频通气方法对实验性急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效观察

在高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）治疗犬实验性急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）时，采用连续ＨＦＪＶ基础上间歇叠加深吸气（ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ）的新通气方法，以期为ＡＲＤＳ的治疗寻找一种新途径。用油酸复制犬ＡＲＤＳ模型，并随机分为３组。ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ组（ｎ＝１０）：在连续ＨＦＪＶ基础上每隔１０分钟加入１次深吸气；常规机械通气组（ＣＭＶ，ｎ＝１０），给予０．７８５ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝１０．２０ｃｍＨ２Ｏ）呼气末正压（ＰＥＥＰ）治疗；对照组（ｎ＝１０），未予通气治疗。每隔１小时测定１次氧合及血流动力学指标，共观察５小时。注射油酸后，动脉氧分压（ＰａＯ２）由１２．４００ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）降至６．５６０ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０１），动脉二氧化碳分压（Ｐａ－ＣＯ２）未见明显变化。通气治疗后，ＣＭＶ和ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ均使ＰａＯ２明显升高，ＰａＣＯ２无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ的氧释放指数（ＤＯ２Ｉ）明显高于ＣＭＶ组（Ｐ＞０．０５），心脏指数（ＣＩ）在ＣＭＶ组及ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ组均明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ时ＰａＯ２的提高大于ＣＩ下降所致的不利影响，在改善组织缺氧方面明显优于ＣＭＶ时加用ＰＥＥＰ     

严重感染病人的氧代谢动力学变化

监测感染氧供需平衡，有助于氧缺陷病理类型及机制的诊断和预后评价。方法用系统氧代动力学方法序列观察氧输送与氧消耗的变化，依据氧供关系将２０例严重感染病人分成２组：具有“氧耗病理性氧供依赖性”现象的病人和无此现象的病。     

高频双向喷射通气对组胺犬气体交换及呼吸力学的影响

本实验比较了不同通气频率时高频双向喷射通气（ＨＦＴＪＶ）与高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）对组胺致肺损伤犬气体交换、氧运输功能、呼吸力学及血流动力学的影响。结果表明，在组胺持续滴注时，当通气频率分别为６０及１００次／ｍｉｎ时，ＨＦＴＪＶ时的ＰａＣＯ＿２较ＨＦＪＶ时均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０、１），ｐＨ均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＰａＣＯ＿２、氧耗量、氧运输量、心输出量、肺动脉压、气道压、肺及时吸系统阻力、顺应性等均无明显改变。提示：ＨＦＴＪＶ能够显著增强组胺致肺损伤大的ＣＯ＿２排除，而对氧运输功能、呼吸力学及血流动力学均无明显影响。     

全麻状态下急性等容血液稀释时氧代谢的变化

急性等容性血液稀释是血液保护的有效方法之一，对外科手术患者具有重要意义。血液稀释涉及的首要问题是氧代谢变化，本文根据全身麻醉对机体影响的特点，对全麻状态下急性等容血液稀释时氧代谢的变化综述如下。１　全身麻醉对机体氧代谢的影响１－１　生理状态氧供和氧耗生理状态下（正常体温、吸空气、自主呼吸和意识清醒），对于一名Ｈｂ＝１５０ｇ／Ｌ、ＣＯ＝５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、ＳａＯ２＝１００％和ＰａＯ２＝１００ｍｍＨｇ（１３－６ｋＰａ）的成人，由于氧总量＝结合氧＋溶解氧＝１－３４×Ｈｂ×ＳａＯ２＋０－０３×ＰａＯ２＝１－３…     

白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶-1基因多态性与创伤患者预后性别差异相关

目的 研究白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶-1(IRAK-1)基因多态性与创伤患者预后性别差异相关性.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法,分析2013年1月至12月入住上海市第六人民医院急诊重症监护室的360例成年钝性创伤患者.其中排除重症颅脑损伤及高位颈椎损伤患者,记录其余患者基本资料,观察预后结局.采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析性别因素与院内感染(NI)、多器官功能衰竭(MOF)及病死率的相关性.根据年龄、性别、体质量指数、损伤严重度及致伤机制等指标,对NI、MOF及死亡患者进行配对,分别比较NI组与非NI组、MOF组与非MOF组、死亡组与存活组之间IRAK-1基因型的差异性.结果 入选的360例患者中,IRAK-1 C/C基因型患者268例(74.4％),其中男性患者C/C基因型比例高达82.3％.控制混杂因素,男性患者MOF的发生率约是女性的4倍(0R=3.855,95％CI:1.329～11.181,P=0.013),病死率约是女性的6倍(OR=5.742,95％CI:1.429 ～23.066,P=0.014),但在NI的发生率上男女性别差异无统计学意义(OR =2.117,95％ CI:0.932 ～4.807,P=0.073).将NI、MOF及死亡患者分别配对比较,MOF组(P=0.014)及死亡组(P =0.008)患者中IRAK-1 C/C基因型比例显著增高,而NI组差异无统计学意义(P=0.418).结论 创伤患者预后存在性别差异,女性患者发生MOF与死亡的风险显著低于男性患者.而男性患者中IRAK-1 C/C基因型占极大比例(82.3％),这可能是影响创伤预后性别差异的重要因素.     

Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, reduces mortality rate of critically ill patients

Many studies have suggested that neutrophil elastase (NE) may contribute to multiple organ failure (MOF) and acute injury of lung endothelial cells. It is therefore conceivable that NE inhibitors may improve the outcome of MOF patients. A synthetic NE inhibitor, sivelestat, which was developed and released in Japan, inhibited inflammatory reactions in various animal models. We examined the medical records of patients requiring more than two days of respiratory care in four intensive care units to investigate whether sivelestat contributed to improvement of their conditions. A total of 110 patients were divided into two groups (sivelestat treated group of 57 patients and untreated group of 53 patients). The conditions and age of the patients were similar in both groups. Sivelestat (0.2 mg/kg/hr) was administered continuously for 14 days beginning on the day of the intensive care unit (ICU) admission or for less than 14 days until discharge from the ICU. Hospital mortality differed significantly between the two groups (treated: 19% and untreated: 40%, p < 0.05). The severity of acute lung injury is defined by the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/fraction concentration of oxygen in the inspired air (FiO2). When the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio is more than 200 mmHg, the morbidity is lower. In patients with PaO2/FiO2 ratio more than 200 mmHg, the hospital mortality was 33.3% (7/21) in the untreated group and 6.0% (1/18) in the treated group (p = 0.0236). We conclude that administration of sivelestat reduces mortality of critically ill patients.     

Secretory phospholipase A2 activity correlates with postinjury multiple organ failure

Postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) may result from overwhelming systemic hyperinflammation. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) produces many inflammatory lipid mediators, and levels have been correlated with both the severity of patient injury and postinjury mortality. The objective of this study was to characterize the plasma activity of sPLA2 type IIa in severely injured patients and to determine whether the activity of this enzyme correlates with the subsequent development of MOF. PATIENTS: Seventeen severely injured patients at known risk for MOF had blood sampled on postinjury days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5. DESIGN: sPLA2 activity was sequentially measured and correlated with MOF scores. RESULTS: Six patients (35%) developed MOF. In comparison with non-MOF patients, MOF patients had elevated sPLA2 activity beginning 36 hrs postinjury (MOF sPLA2, 2.4 +/- 0.97, vs. non-MOF sPLA2, 0.86 +/- 0.16 active units (AU); p < .05) and continuing over the ensuing 5 days. To rule out the possibility that stored blood components required for patient resuscitation was the source of sPLA2, the sPLA2 was measured in packed red blood cells, platelet concentrates, and fresh frozen plasma over the routine storage time. None of the products tested had elevated levels of sPLA2 compared with fresh plasma from healthy adult volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that increased sPLA2 activity is associated with the development of postinjury MOF.     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

Coagulation/fibrinolysis abnormality and vascular endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenic multiple organ failure

OBJECTIVE: Until recently, attention has been directed to disseminated intravascular coagulation as a cause of multiple organ failure (MOF). On the other hand, it has now become clear that humoral mediators play important roles in the pathogenesis of MOF. Therefore, we performed the present study in patients with thrombocytopenic MOF to investigate the relationship between various humoral mediators and vascular endothelial damage reported to be triggered by such humoral mediators in the pathogenesis of MOF. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: The study included 18 thrombocytopenic patients whose conditions progressed to septic MOF (MOF group) and 20 others who did not progress to MOF (non-MOF group). The MOF group and non-MOF group were also presented with infection and with platelet counts of <100,000/mm3. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The MOF group had fibrinolysis abnormality, as indicated by increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level. On the other hand, the MOF group had increased polymorphonuclear elastase and polymorphonuclear-mediated fibrinogen degradation product levels with consequent prolonged elevation of thrombomodulin. In addition, both polymorphonuclear elastase and polymorphonuclear-fibrinogen degradation products were significantly positively correlated with thrombomodulin in the MOF group, but no such positive correlation was observed between interleukin-6 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombomodulin. In the non-MOF group, on the other hand, thrombomodulin exhibited no significant positive correlation with polymorphonuclear elastase, polymorphonuclear-fibrinogen degradation products, interleukin-6, or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided evidence that vascular endothelial damage was the primary cause of organ failures in patients with thrombocytopenic MOF and that humoral mediators played a major role in the development of vascular endothelial damage in such patients. These results suggest that it is important to treat thrombocytopenic MOF as a condition of vascular endothelial damage, with weight placed on countermeasures against disorders of humoral mediators.     

经鼻高流量氧疗在胃减容术后患者中的应用

目的探讨经鼻高流量氧疗（HFNC）可否改善肥胖症患者胃减容术后低氧血症，提升术后呼吸舒适度。 方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究，选择2019年10月到2020年9月于上海市第十人民医院接受胃减容术后转入急诊ICU的肥胖患者为研究对象，根据随机抛硬币法将患者分为高流量组（22例，经鼻高流量氧疗）与传统氧疗组（28例，传统氧疗）。比较2组间患者一般资料，包括性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、是否合并有睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAHS）等，记录入科0.5 h、2 h、24 h动脉血气分析相关指标，夜间（20∶00-次日08∶00）心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）、最低SpO₂、氧减次数、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）及舒适度等相关临床指标。 结果（1）2组患者年龄、性别及BMI比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（2）组间比较，高流量组患者2 h的PO₂、氧合指数及入科24 h PO₂、氧合指数明显高于传统氧疗组，PCO₂低于传统氧疗组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），其余各指标组间比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组内比较，高流量组入科2 h及24 h的pH、PO₂、氧合指数明显高于入科0.5 h时，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；传统氧疗组入科2 h的pH及24 h的pH、PO₂、氧合指数明显高于入科0.5 h时，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），其余各指标不同时点组内比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（3）12 h夜间睡眠监测相关指标中，高流量组患者夜间SpO₂、最低SpO₂高于传统氧疗组，HR、氧减次数低于传统氧疗组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），而2组间AHI比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（4）高流量组患者主观舒适度优于传统氧疗组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论HFNC可以有效降低胃减容术后患者出现低氧血症风险，提升患者可接受度及主观舒适感。     

Pre-operative tonometry is predictive for mortality and morbidity in high-risk surgical patients

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a) pre-operative measurement of gastric intramucosal pHi is predictive for mortality and morbidity in high-risk surgical patients and b) peri-operative improvement of global oxygen delivery (DO2) with fluids and dopexamine leads to increased gastric pHi and c) either improved global perfusion or improved splanchnic perfusion is related to the prevention of multiple organ failure (MOF). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study. SETTING: General intensive care units from 14 hospitals. PATIENTS: Two hundred eighty-six high-risk surgical patients. INTERVENTIONS: Swan-Ganz and tonometer catheter placement; patients were stabilised pre-operatively using fluids, blood and/or oxygen to preset goals before receiving placebo or two doses of dopexamine (0.5 or 2.0 microg.kg.min) peri-operatively. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Haemodynamic assessment (including DO2 and oxygen consumption (VO2)) was performed together with measurement of gastric mucosal pHi pre-operatively and directly, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h post-operatively. Retrospectively, patients were divided pre-operatively into two sub-groups based on the optimal cut-off value for mortality of the first pHi measurement after induction of anaesthesia as calculated by a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis --low pHi group (< 7.35) and normal pHi (> or =7.35). Mortality in the low pHi, was higher than in the normal pHi, group (16.8 vs 2.3%; p = 0.0001). In the normal pHi group dopexamine, which was given prior to the first pHi measurement, had no effect on pHi, while DO2 increased significantly. In this group MOF score and number of patients with MOF remained similar for the treatment sub-groups. In the low pHi group gastric pHi increased significantly during dopexamine infusion (p = 0.008), despite the lack of an increase in DO2 and VO2. In this group the MOF score and the number of patients developing MOF decreased significantly with the use of dopexamine (p = 0.04). In both groups bicarbonate levels remained similar for the treatment subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk surgical patients pre-operative measurement of pHi was predictive for mortality. The peri-operative response of pHi to dopexamine seemed to be dependent on pre-operative gastric pHi.     

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and mortality from carbon monoxide poisoning: A nationwide observational study

BackgroundThe effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on mortality or morbidity in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning remain unknown. We examined the effects of HBOT on CO poisoning and further strived to delineate its inherent effects on specific subgroups of patients using a nationwide inpatient database.MethodsWe identified adult patients with CO poisoning who were registered in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from 2010 to 2016. Propensity score-matching was performed to compare patients who received HBOT within 1 day of admission (HBOT group) with those who did not receive HBOT (control group). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were a depressed mental status and reduced activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge. We also performed subgroup analyses divided according to severity of CO poisoning.ResultsEligible patients were categorized into the HBOT group (n = 2034) or the control group (n = 4701). One-to-one propensity score-matching created 2034 pairs. In-hospital mortality was not significantly different between the HBOT and control groups (0.8% vs. 1.2%, risk difference: −0.4%, 95% confidence interval: −1.0 to 0.2). Patients in the HBOT group had significantly lower proportions of a depressed mental status and reduced ADL at discharge than did those in the control group. Similar associations were shown in the non-severe poisoning subgroup.ConclusionsAlthough HBOT was not significantly associated with reduced mortality, it was significantly associated with a favorable consciousness level and ADL in patients with CO poisoning. HBOT may be beneficial even for patients with non-severe CO poisoning.     

经鼻高流量氧疗在急性左心衰竭中的疗效观察

目的探讨经鼻高流量氧疗（HFNC）在急性左心衰竭中的治疗效果。 方法选择2016年6月至2018年4月南京医科大学附属逸夫医院重症医学科收治的76例急性左心衰竭患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组38例。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上给予HFNC。观察治疗后2、6、12、24 h两组患者动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO₂）、心率及呼吸频率、左室射血分数（LVEF）、每搏输出量（SV）及N端脑利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）等指标,比较两组患者的气管插管率、28 d病死率和ICU住院时间。 结果两组急性左心衰竭患者各时间点PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂、心率、呼吸频率、LVEF、SV及NT-proBNP比较,差异均有统计学意义（F= 28.302、18.402、32.514、24.510、16.165、23.452、19.167、30.424,P均< 0.05）。进一步两两比较发现,观察组患者各时间点PaO₂、SaO₂、LVEF及SV均显著高于对照组（P均< 0.05）,PaCO₂、心率、呼吸频率及NT-proBNP均显著低于对照组（P均< 0.05）;两组患者6、12、24 h PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂、心率、呼吸频率、LVEF、SV及NT-proBNP与同组2 h比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）;两组患者12、24 h PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂、心率、呼吸频率、LVEF、SV及NT-proBNP与同组6 h比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。观察组与对照组患者气管插管率[7.89%（3/38）vs. 23.68%（9/38）,χ²= 3.982,P= 0.026]、28 d病死率[2.63%（1/38）vs. 10.53%（4/38）,χ²= 4.307,P= 0.011]及ICU住院时间[（6 ± 3）d vs.（10 ± 5）d,t= 2.654,P= 0.034]比较,差异均有统计学意义。 结论HFNC早期可显著改善急性左心衰竭患者的氧合功能和心功能指标,降低气管插管率及病死率,缩短ICU住院时间,改善预后。     

Increased concentrations of plasma lactate predict pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome

We asked whether increasing systemic oxygen delivery by blood transfusion could identify pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients who have adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with and without increased concentrations of plasma lactate. Twenty-four ARDS patients were divided into normal (n = 11, lactate ≤ 1.8 mmol/L) and increased (n = 13, lactate > 1.8 mmol/L) plasma lactate groups. After transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells, oxygen delivery index increased significantly in both the normal and increased plasma lactate groups. In the increased plasma lactate group, this was associated with a significant increase in oxygen consumption index and an unchanged oxygen extraction ratio. In contrast, in the normal plasma lactate group, oxygen consumption index did not change from the baseline value and the oxygen extraction ratio decreased significantly. We conclude that increasing systemic oxygen delivery by blood transfusion identifies pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients who have ARDS and increased concentrations of plasma lactate.