Endostatin基因真核表达载体的构建及活性鉴定

目的：构建endostatin基因的真核表达载体,并将其转染C6脑胶质瘤 细胞,探讨其体外抑制血管内皮细胞生长的活性。方法：利用PCR将大鼠血清蛋白分泌信号连接在endostatin基因的碳末端,构建成真核表达载体pcDNA3-Sendostatin,利用Lipofectamine法将其转染C6脑胶质瘤细胞,采用细胞增殖实验进行endostatin表达蛋白体外活性鉴定。结果：成功构建了endostatin基因真核表达载体,转染该载体的C6脑胶质瘤细胞可分泌表达抑制血管内皮细胞增生的endostatin蛋白。结论：endostatin是一种有效的血管生成抑制剂,可进一步用于在体肿瘤的抗血管生成治疗。     

人骨形成蛋白-2和透明质酸对脑胶质细胞瘤侵袭性的影响

目的 探讨人骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)和透明质酸(HA)对C6胶质细胞瘤体内侵袭的影响。方法 将携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因的pEGFP-N3质粒体外转染C6胶质瘤细胞,将C6阳性克隆以立体定向法植入SD大鼠脑实质内,建立大鼠胶质瘤移植模型。移植瘤区给予不同剂量的rhBMP-2和HA,用病理检查、流式细胞计数、荧光显微镜及电子显微镜观察rhBMP-2和HA对胶质瘤侵袭的影响。结果 稳定转染EGFP基因的C6瘤细胞于体内、外均可发出绿色荧光,在荧光显微镜下易于区分肿瘤与非肿瘤区,并能检测到少量C6瘤细胞的远处侵袭性生长。10μl的5μg／ml rhBMP-2可明显抑制肿瘤体内侵袭;而10μl的100μg／ml HA则具有相反的作用。结论 EGFP标记的C6瘤细胞移植于大鼠脑内,可建成稳定的脑胶质细胞瘤体内侵袭动物模型。rhBMP-2降低了C6瘤细胞的体内侵袭性,而HA则明显促进了其体内侵袭作用。     

壳聚糖-顺铂微球瘤内治疗大鼠C6胶质瘤的实验观察

目的:观察壳聚糖-顺铂缓释微球对C6胶质瘤瘤内化疗的疗效。方法:将C6细胞株进行传代、培养,并对C6胶质瘤细胞进行顺铂体外药敏测定,然后制作动物脑胶质瘤模型,造模后7 d沿原创道分别给予生理盐水、顺铂及壳聚糖-顺铂缓释剂10μl,观察各组大鼠瘤内给药后的生存期,并取病理标本行病理学检查及免疫组织化学染色检测。结果:C6胶质瘤细胞对顺铂敏感;胶质瘤模型成瘤率为100%;壳聚糖-顺铂缓释剂组平均生存期为(36.47±9.96)d,明显长于生理盐水组(16.80±6.36)d和顺铂组(28.64±10.14)d(P<0.05)。结论:壳聚糖-顺铂微球的瘤内化疗疗效明显,且比单纯顺铂用药效果好。     

脑胶质细胞瘤体内侵袭性的实验研究

目的 探讨胶质瘤的体内侵袭和转移特性。方法 利用体外转染有绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）基因的大鼠Ｃ６脑胶质瘤细胞移植模型,将携有增强型绿色荧光蛋白（ＥＧＦＰ）基因的pＥＧＦＰ－N３质粒体外转染Ｃ６细胞,筛选能稳定表达ＧＦＰ的瘤细胞克隆,并做流工细胞仪和电镜检测。将阳性转染和未转染瘤细胞以立体定向法植入ＳＤ大鼠脑实质仙,建立大鼠移植瘤模型。４周后处死大鼠并作脑连续石蜡切片,相邻切片分别行苏木素－伊红（ＨＥ）及免疫组织化学染色和荧光显微镜（激发光波长为４８８mm)检测。对移植瘤细胞行原代培养,以检测荧光基因在体内的保存情况。结果 阳性转染的Ｃ６瘤细胞的ＥＧＦＰ在大鼠脑内获得稳定表达,在荧光显微镜下较易于区分肿瘤与非肿瘤区,并能发现侵袭至远处的单个瘤细胞,其敏感性及特异性明显优于ＨＥ染色或免疫组化方法。结论 ＧＦＰ基因体外转染Ｃ6胶质瘤细胞并行大鼠脑内移植,是一种较好的研究脑胶质瘤侵袭性的体内实验模型。     

反义IGF-1RNA基因治疗脑胶质瘤的实验研究

目的 构建反义胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）表达质粒（pcEP4-IGF-1A）治疗大鼠C6脑胶质瘤。方法 RT-PCR扩增300bpIGF-1 cDNA，测序，构建反义IGF-1表达质粒，体外转染C6细胞，观察其体外增殖速率及对C6胶质瘤的治疗作用。结果 反义IGF-1序列正确，反义IGF-1A转染的C6细胞生长明显受抑，体内成瘤性消失，荷瘤鼠肿瘤全部消失，6个月观察期内肿瘤无复发。结论 反义IGF-1表达质粒能抑制C6细胞体外生长，体内杀伤肿瘤效果明显。     

原核表达的血管抑素K (1-3)蛋白对脑胶质瘤的生长抑制作用

目的获得具有抗血管生成活性的 angiostatin K(1-3)[AK(1-3)]基因的原核表达蛋白,应用该蛋白治疗裸鼠皮下人脑胶质瘤.方法构建和鉴定 pDH-AK(1-3)载体并在大肠杆菌DH5α内表达,诱导后用 SDS-PAGE分析、经亲和层析纯化后行Western Blot鉴定,以人脐带静脉血管内皮细胞抑制实验和鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜实验验证其生物学活性,应用AK (1-3) 蛋白治疗裸鼠皮下人脑胶质瘤.结果获得抑制人脐带静脉血管内皮细胞生长活性的AK(1-3) 原核表达蛋白(Mr为35×103),其蛋白总量占菌体总蛋白的12 %,该纯化表达蛋白5 mg·kg-1·次-1和10 mg·kg-1·次-1组均可抑制裸鼠皮下人脑胶质瘤生长,抑瘤率分别为34.5%和64.6%.结论该实验为应用抗血管生成药物治疗人脑胶质瘤等实体瘤研究奠定了初步基础.     

大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型的建立及其形态学的初步观察

目的　建立简单易行、可靠稳定的大鼠脑胶质瘤模型 ,为研究脑胶质瘤的发病机制及治疗方法提供操作平台。方法　SD大鼠 2 4只 ,采用脑立体定向术将 1× 10 6 个 mlC6大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞接种于SD大鼠的右侧尾壳核区 ,分别于肿瘤细胞种植后 10、15、2 0、2 5天观察大鼠的生存状态、大鼠脑胶质瘤大体标本的体积、苏木精 -伊红染色、胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP)免疫组织化学检查以及电镜检查。结果　大鼠于接种C6胶质瘤细胞后 15天左右 ,出现较为明显的颅内高压症状 ,2 0～ 2 5天时大多处于濒危状态 ,死亡率为 2 0 .83%。大体标本检查 ,2 4只大鼠成瘤率 10 0 % ,在肿瘤细胞种植后 10、15、2 0、2 5天肿瘤的体积分别为 (15 .2 1± 2 .76 )、(86 .16± 13.33)、(2 5 2 .84± 4 9.85 )、(4 72 .4 5± 6 5 .0 2 )mm3,瘤体随着鼠龄的延长 ,中线结构明显移位 ,占位效应愈来愈明显。苏木精 -伊红染色可见肿瘤组织的病理类型为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。GFAP免疫组织化学检查呈阳性表达 ,说明大鼠脑胶质瘤模型的肿瘤标本为胶质源性肿瘤。电镜观察C6大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞有 2种细胞形态。结论　该方法建立的C6大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型在组织病理学上接近人脑胶质瘤 ,能够满足胶质瘤实验研究的需要。     

中国人脑胶质瘤中表皮生长因子受体的表达

目的：研究中国人脑胶质瘤中表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的表达及其在脑胶质瘤靶向性基因治疗中的意义。方法：应用免疫组化法检测人脑胶质瘤组织及瘤周组织EGFR的表达水平，检测人脑胶质瘤细胞株U87MG、U251MG和大鼠脑胶质瘤株C6表面EGFR的表达，筛选EGGR高表达胶质瘤细胞株作为靶向性非病毒载体基因转移系统的靶细胞。结果：肿瘤组织与瘤周组织的EGFR表达水平有显区别，肿瘤组织EGFR表达水平明显高于瘤周组织（P＜0．01）；肿瘤组织EGFR表达水平与肿瘤级别有显相关性，肿瘤级别越高，EGFR表达水平越高（P＜0．05）；人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251MG为EGFR相对高表达细胞株，其平均表达水平明显高于U87MG和C6细胞株。结论：中国人脑胶质瘤中存在表皮生长因子受体的过度表达，不同胶质瘤细胞株表皮生长因子受体的表达相差悬殊，EGFR可作为靶受体应用于脑胶质瘤的靶向性基因治疗。     

层黏连蛋白α1、α2、α3、α5亚基在人脑胶质瘤中的表达

目的 探讨层黏连蛋白(laminin,LN)α1,α2,α3,α5亚基在人脑胶质瘤中的表达特征. 方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法和图像分析技术分析77例脑胶质瘤、8例正常脑组织以及10例脑内转移瘤标本中LNα1、α2、α3、α5亚基的表达情况. 结果 (1)人脑胶质瘤中.LNα2,α3呈阴性.LNα1,α5阳性染色位于瘤细胞质及细胞膜,其阳性染色强度与病理级别密切相关(P＜0.01);(2)LNα5在血管内皮细胞及基膜呈阳性染色,染色强度与病理级别比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但明显强于脑内转移瘤(P＜0.05),后者常表现为基膜不连续弱阳性染色.结论 (1)LNα1,α5亚基的表达强度与脑胶质瘤病理级别密切相关;(2)LNα5在脑胶质瘤和脑内转移瘤组织中血管内皮细胞及基膜表达的差异可能与瘤细胞转移行为有关.     

立体定向接种胶质瘤细胞系C6形成大鼠脑内原位移植瘤的生长特性

目的通过立体定向技术建立大鼠脑原位移植瘤模型,观察其生长特性.方法在立体定向仪引导下,将体外培养的大鼠C6胶质瘤单细胞悬液(1×106/10 μl)接种于27只Wistar大鼠右尾状核区.以接种C6细胞后大鼠的允许生存期,将大鼠分成2组,观察大鼠生存状态、成瘤情况、肿瘤体积、脏器转移灶、组织学形态、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、兔抗人因子Ⅷ相关抗原免疫组化染色.结果大鼠成瘤率为100%,无颅外转移.荷瘤大鼠平均生存期为(25.50±5.75)d.肿瘤体积在第3～4周时肿瘤迅速增大.肿瘤呈浸润性生长,甚至侵袭颅骨;瘤细胞病理性核分裂像多见,GFAP蛋白呈散在阳性表达,VEGF蛋白强阳性表达;瘤组织内有典型的栅栏状坏死和丰富的微血管.结论 C6细胞在大鼠脑内原位移植瘤与人脑胶质母细胞形态和生长特性十分相似,具有分化程度低、微血管丰富、生长速度快且高度侵袭等特点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.