围手术期护理干预对颅内动脉瘤开颅夹闭术患者术后康复的影响

目的探讨围手术期护理干预对颅内动脉瘤开颅夹闭术患者术后康复的影响。方法选取本院2017年7月至2018年7月内接收的94例颅内动脉瘤患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组47例。分别给予围手术期护理干预、常规护理干预。对比患者术后并发症发生情况,并观察两组患者术后恢复情况以及心理状况。结果观察组术后总并发症发生率较对照来说显著更低;观察组术后NIHSS评分较对照组显著更低,且QLQ-C30、FMA评分较对照组均更高;观察组术后SAS、SDS评分较对照组均更低;比较有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论围手术期护理干预可有效降低接受开颅夹闭术治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者术后并发症的发生概率,促进患者的快速康复,缓解负性情绪,临床实用价值较高。     

人性化护理应用于颅内动脉瘤患者围术期的效果分析

目的调查人性化护理在患者颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期应用的临床效果。方法选择2008年1月至2011年12月于我院神经外科接受治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者为研究对象,共104例,将患者随机分至观察组和对照组,各52例,观察组患者给予系统化的颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期护理干预措施,对照组患者仅给予常规围手术期护理,比较两组患者的生活质量、满意度、康复周期及并发症发生情况。结果按百分制计算,观察组患者平均生活质量为（98．45±10．53）分,对照组患者为（96．22±9．54）分,两组患者生活质量评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组患者满意度为98．08％,与对照组的94．23％差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组患者康复周期、并发症发生率为（13．14±2．46）天、36．54％,对照组分别为（19．32±3．21）天、65．38％,观察组患者康复周期、并发症发生率明显短（低）于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期给予系统的人性化的护理措施,可以明显缩短患者的康复周期、降低术后并发症发生率,对患者预后有着重要的临床意义。     

开颅动脉瘤夹闭术患者围手术期护理

目的探讨36例开颅动脉瘤夹闭术患者围手术期护理效果,为降低术后并发症提供临床依据。方法选取该院在2011年3月—2013年3月收治的36例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术的患者,所有患者都自愿接受调查和服从所有准则,将这些患者分为两组,观察组和对照组。对照组患者实施常规护理,观察组患者采取有针对性的全面护理措施。分析比较两组患者的舒适度、满意度以及并发症发生率,并将所得到的资料进行分析。结果观察组18例患者在实施有针对性的护理后并发症发生率为11．11％;对照组并发症发生率为38．89％,两组间差异有统计学意义（X^2=3．8730,P〈0．05）。观察组患者对护士满意度为55．56％;对照组为16．67％,两组数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对开颅动脉瘤夹闭术患者围手术期进行有针对性的护理,能有效降低并发症发生率,提高患者的术后舒适度和满意度,该方法值得在临床上推广使用。     

颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术的术中配合与护理

目的:观察颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术的术中配合与护理临床疗效。方法:随机选取我院2016年5月至2017年5月78例颅内动脉瘤患者为本次实验研究对象,所有患者均给予颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术,39例患者为围手术期给予常规手术配合以及护理(即为对照组),37例患者围手术期给予规范化手术配合以及护理(即为实验组),比较两组患者临床治疗效果。结果:实验组患者手术时间、术中平均出血量、平均住院时间明显少于对照组。实验组患者患者并发症发生率明显低于对照组(10.3%vs23.1%),实验组患者好转率明显优于对照组(87.2%vs79.5%),两组数据具有统计学意义(P0.O5)。结论:对于颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术患者围手术期给予细节配合与护理,能有效提高患者手术配合程度,缩短患者手术时间、住院时间,减少患者术中出血量、并发症发生率。     

颅内动脉瘤患者围术期护理干预的效果分析

目的 分析总结颅内动脉瘤患者围术期护理干预的效果,为临床推广提供指导.方法 选择2010年6月至2013年6月收治的颅内动脉瘤患者36例,按不同的护理方式随即均分为干预组和对照组,对照组给予常规护理,干预组给予护理干预措施,比较两组患者的术后恢复情况及护理满意度.结果 （1）干预组患者术后再次颅内出血发生率及患者平均住院时间均优于对照组患者（P〈0.05）;（2）干预组的护理满意度为94.44%,明显高于对照组（72.22%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 对颅内动脉瘤患者围术期采取护理干预措施,能加快患者恢复,减少并发症发生,值得临床上推广.     

围手术期护理干预在高血压脑出血小骨窗开颅血肿清除术中的临床分析

目的：探讨高血压脑出血患者小骨窗开颅血肿清除术围手术期护理干预的效果。方法将血小骨窗开颅血肿清除术的106例高血压脑出血患者作为研究对象,将患者分组后分别给予围手术期优质护理干预及常规临床护理干预,对两组患者术后清除率、术后并发症发生率及平均住院时间进行比较。结果观察组术后清除率94.3%明显大于参考组75.5%,患者术后并发症发生率为0少于参考组的15.1%,比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者平均住院时间（15.21±2.65）d明显短于参考组（21.96±3.09）d,比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在高血压脑出血患者小骨窗开颅血肿清除术围手术期给予优质护理干预有助于促进患者康复,提高患者日常生活质量,缩短患者住院时间。     

颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术的围手术期护理

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术的围手术期护理。方法本实验选取2007年12月份到2011年10月份在我科室进行治疗的200例颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术患者为对象进行研究,随机将所有患者分为实验组(采用整体护理方法组)100例和对照组(采用普通方法护理组)100例,后统计及比较各组患者术后并发症情况。结果实验组患者术后并发症几率明显低于对照组,P<0.05,有显著性差异。结论对颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术患者在围手术期进行整体护理,能显著改善手术效率、和并发症情况,并且有利于患者术后恢复,应在颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术的围手术期中广泛使用整体护理。     

颅内动脉瘤夹闭术的围手术期护理

颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后患者可能有颅内血管痉挛、动脉瘤体破裂、大面积脑梗死等严蓖并发症,故围手术期护理尤为重要.我们回顾性分析了2006年7月～2008年3月35例颅内动脉瘤患者的围手术期护理,总结如下.     

围术期一体化管理模式对颅内动脉瘤破裂DSA介入手术患者康复效果的影响

目的：观察围术期一体化管理模式对颅内动脉瘤破裂数字减影血管造影术(DSA)介入手术患者康复效果的影响。方法：选取2017-10～2022-11本院接收的80例实施颅内动脉瘤介入术治疗的患者，随机分为对照组40例和观察组40例。对照组接受常规护理，观察组采用围术期一体化管理模式。比较两组围术期情况、并发症发生情况及格拉斯哥预后评级(GOS)情况。结果：两组手术时间及术后苏醒时间无明显差异(P>0.05),而干预后观察组住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05);干预后，观察组脑积水等并发症发生率为7.50%(3/40),明显低于对照组的25.00%(10/40)(χ²=4.501,P=0.034);观察组GOS分级明显优于对照组(U=2.072,P=0.038)。结论：围术期一体化管理模式对颅内动脉瘤破裂DSA介入手术患者有较好预后效果，能缩短住院时间，减少围术期并发症发生。     

人性化护理在颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗围手术期的效果观察

目的 探究人性化护理在颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗围手术期的效果。方法 随机选取我院在2018年3月至2019年6月收治的颅内动脉瘤患者80例纳入研究,按照住院号单双数将之分为两组,每组40例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予人性化护理,对比两组患者的并发症发生率、生命体征指标。结果 相较于对照组,观察组在术前30 min及术后12 h的心率、呼吸频率、收缩压、舒张压都明显更低（P <0.05）;相较于术后对照组的并发症的总发生率20.00%,观察组术后并发症的总发生率7.50%明显更低（P <0.05）;相较于对照组,观察组在术后的生活质量评分都明显更高（P <0.05）。结论 颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗围手术期给予人性化护理可以保持患者的生命体征平稳,并降低其术后并发症的总发生率,效果显著,可以有效改善患者的临床预后,改善其术后的生活质量,更有利于患者的疾病康复。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.