构建与国家卫生事业改革方向相适应的本科医学课程体系

通过初级卫生保健的模式实现人人享有卫生保健是我国和国际社会卫生事业改革的方向,医学人才模式如何适应新的医疗卫生模式,是地方医学院校的重大课题。文章结合自身院校实践,从人才培养目标定位、课程设置与内容、课程模式、实践教学等方面探讨了构建与国家卫生事业改革方向相适应的本科医学课程体系的问题。     

医学科研型研究生从事科学实验的岗前培训

医学科研型研究生是医学科研工作的重要力量,但是他们在从事科学实验的过程中存在着一些问题。为了更好地提高科研型研究生的综合素质,本文从科研思维与实验能力培训、实验室安全意识教育、医学伦理道德灌输以及科研学术道德意识强化四个方面,探讨了医学科研型研究生从事科学实验前的培训问题。     

略论我国医疗救助立法的缺失

目的：医疗救助制度在建立社会主义和谐社会的进程中有着非常重要的意义,但该制度从实施之日起,就面临着很多困境和难题;为解决这些问题,需要对已有立法进行分析并找出其缺失之处。方法：通过文献分析法对建国以来我国医疗救助的立法情况进行分析和总结。结果：我国医疗救助立法缺乏全面规划、政出多门、规则分散、效力低、规范性弱、可操作性差、缺少权威性、系统性和稳定性。结论：我国医疗救助制度采取的是以政策为保障、以行政为推动力量的发展模式,尚未建立较为完善的医疗救助法体系。     

八年制医学生科研创新能力提升的课程体系构建及初步成效

中南大学湘雅医学院作为八年制医学专业首批试办高校,结合多年的实践经验,构建了全程提升八年制医学生科研创新能力的课程体系。在通识教育阶段设置了医工交叉课程;在医学核心教育阶段,设置了基础医学创新实验课外研学课程等;在研究生培养阶段,设置了为期2年的海外交流项目;结合各培养阶段任务采用相应的评价标准和方式。上述措施目前已取得初步成效。     

Medical informatics. An emerging academic discipline and institutional priority

Information management constitutes a major activity of the health care professional. Currently, a number of forces are focusing attention on this function. After many years of development of information systems to support the infrastructure of medicine, greater focus on the needs of physicians and other health care managers and professionals is occurring--to support education, decision making, communication, and many other aspects of professional activity. Medical informatics is the field that concerns itself with the cognitive, information processing, and communication tasks of medical practice, education, and research, including the information science and the technology to support these tasks. An intrinsically interdisciplinary field, medical informatics has a highly applied focus, but also addresses a number of fundamental research problems as well as planning and policy issues. Medical informatics is now emerging as a distinct academic entity. Health care institutions are considering, and a few are making, large-scale commitments to information systems and services that will affect every aspect of their organizations' function. While academic units of medical informatics are presently established at only a few medical institutions in the United States, increasing numbers of schools are considering this activity and many traditional departments are seeking and attracting individuals with medical informatics skills.     

医学院校实验动物伦理学问题的思考

动物实验是医学研究中必不可少的手段,因此实验动物对于医学的发展有着重要作用。随着社会的日益发展和人类的进步,实验动物伦理问题也受到人们的广泛关注,关注的焦点主要聚集在实验动物伦理问题的发展、现状、存在问题、立法状况、实施的必要性等方面,如何正确认识和对待实验动物的生命,如何科学、合理而人道地使用实验动物进行科学研究等方面。医学院校作为医学生迈入医学大门的第一步,在医学院校进行相关实验教学和研究是必不可少的,而动物实验在医学教育及研究中更是具有十分重要的意义,故针对医学院动物实验的现状及对待动物实验的看法等问题,并分析其引发的伦理学问题,从而探讨医学院医学研究中实验动物伦理学相关的问题。     

A Prospectus for Canadian Studies in Medical Education

The need for factual information on all phases of medical education is widely recognized. In the United States the Association of American Medical Colleges has initiated an extensive program of research in medical education. No comparable program exists in Canada.

On the basis of studies of medical students at the University of British Columbia and the University of Saskatchewan, a prospectus for Canadian studies in medical education is suggested. Such studies might include an annual census of Canadian medical students as well as detailed studies of specific problems. Until such studies have been undertaken in Canada, only an incomplete picture of the various problems in medical education will be available.

     

医学生医学专业精神培养探析

医学专业精神对医生和医学的发展具有极为重要的意义,应加强医学生医学专业精神培养的研究,在医学生医学专业精神培养过程中,医学院校需要帮助医学生实现对医学专业精神的认知、认同和自觉维护。从而成为具有高尚医学专业精神的医生。     

The accreditation of undergraduate medical education in Australia

The Australian Medical Council was established in 1985 with one of its three functions being the accreditation of medical schools and of courses leading to basic medical qualifications. The Accreditation (Standing) Committee has developed guidelines for assessment and accreditation in Australia, and commenced its programme of visits to Australian medical faculties in March 1988, with the tenth faculty scheduled to be visited in September 1993. This article describes the process of assessment and accreditation developed in Australia by the Australian Medical Council. A later article will discuss the issues in medical education that have been identified during the process of accreditation.     

医学伦理学与生命伦理学研究和教育实践的回顾与展望——庆祝中国医学伦理学与生命伦理学研究30周年

在庆祝中国医学伦理学与生命伦理学研究30周年之际,回顾并展望广东省医学伦理学研究中心、广州医学院医学伦理学和生命伦理学的发展历程,其主要经验是：提高认识,把医学伦理学作为重点课程、学科来建设;建立研究机构进行专题研究与学术交流,举办骨干培训班;关注热点问题,开展生命伦理学研究。     

What Kind of Curriculum Can Better Address Community Needs? Problems Arisen by Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning

The aim of this study was to identify problems arisen by conventional curricula, the guidelines for development of an appropriate educational model for 21st century, and the advantages and disadvantages of the last two curricular models. The medical education literature published from 1995 through 2002 of four reputable journals in medical education were searched (Academic Medicine, Teaching and Learning in Medicine, Medical Education, and Medical Teacher). First the possibly best articles were identified. During the second screening process 76 of 180 articles were found to be highly relevant to our questions. A review of the chosen articles revealed a concept map which starts from currently applied hypothetical-deductive reasoning (HDR)-based curricula in many medical schools all around the world. Results revelaed that continuing cyclical process might be time consuming, enhance burden of faculty and might be stressful for students involved. Current issues in health care system are possibly attributable to current HDR-based curricular models including PBL. Advantages of reiterative PBL theory can not be denied, but it appears that its limited application should be mainly seen in some academic classes to develop some generic transferable skills simultaneously with other teaching methods. Therefore vast application of HDR in clinical settings is not recommended according to our study. However the relationships demonstrated between factors and outcomes mentioned in the concept map can be used to run some new studies to test some hypotheses.     

八年制医学教育的探索与实践

临床医学八年制教育的开展，是我国经济快速发展的必然要求。本文介绍了第三军医大学在开展八年制教育过程中的探索与实践，对八年制医学前教育、双语教学、双导师制的实施以及学位论文的要求进行了思考，并提出了一些有待研究解决的问题。     

浅谈美国医学教育改革及其特点

医学教育改革是一项复杂的系统工程,其本质和核心是教育理念的转变。自20世纪初以来,美国医学教育逐渐成为了世界先进医学教育的典型代表。本文在研究和梳理其改革发展历程的同时,对其改革的动因和特点进行了分析探讨,以期对我们进行医学人才培养模式和课程内容体系改革有所启示。     

Evaluation of the Medical Records System in an Upcoming Teaching Hospital—A Project for Improvisation

The medical records system of an upcoming teaching hospital in a developing nation was evaluated for its accessibility, completeness, physician satisfaction, presence of any lacunae, suggestion of necessary steps for improvisation and to emphasize the importance of Medical records system in education and research work. The salient aspects of the medical records department were evaluated based on a questionnaire which was evaluated by a team of 40 participants—30 doctors, 5 personnel from Medical Records Department and 5 from staff of Hospital administration. Most of the physicians (65%) were partly satisfied with the existing medical record system. 92.5% were of the opinion that upgradation of the present system is necessary. The need of the hour in the present teaching hospital is the implementation of a hospital-wide patient registration and medical records re-engineering process in the form of electronic medical records system and regular review by the audit commission.     

医学论文撰写中的统计误用问题与对策

目的为医学论文撰写中正确使用统计方法提供参考。方法总结分析了医学论文在科研设计、资料描述与分析上存在的统计误用问题。结果医学论文中的统计误用主要包括：①实验设计违背随机、对照、重复和均衡原则;②数据描述欠准确;③不考虑资料的特点,盲目套用统计分析方法;④结果表达与解释中混淆统计意义与实际意义。针对这些问题,提出了医学论文撰写中的注意事项和相应对策。结论医学论文中的统计误用问题普遍存在。医学科研工作者应加强学习,提高将实际问题转化为统计问题的能力。     

Simulation and its role in medical education

Medical education is increasingly laying emphasis on a curriculum based on cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains of learning which were originally proposed nearly 50 years ago. These reforms are framed around best standards of care, error management and patient safety, patient autonomy, and resource allocation. There is a worldwide shift in the method of medical education towards experiential (‘hands-on’) medical learning; however, applying this concept to real patients is less acceptable to society and is subject to legal and ethical issues.Simulation is the artificial representation of a complex real-world process with sufficient fidelity with the aim to facilitate learning through immersion, reflection, feedback, and practice minus the risks inherent in a similar real-life experience. Medical simulation offers numerous potential strategies for comprehensive and practical training, and safer patient care. It is a technique, rather than just a technology that promotes experiential and reflective learning. It is also a key strategy to teach crisis resource management skills. Simulation can benefit the individual learner, the multidisciplinary team, and the hospital as a whole. In this review, the authors discuss the role of simulation in five situations namely undergraduate teaching, postgraduate training, continuing medical education, disaster management, and military trauma management and dwell upon the experience of medical simulation in the Armed Forces.Key Words: medical education, simulation     

我国医学教育研究现状、问题及应对策略——基于《中国高等医学教育》期刊检索的探讨

通过对2005-2007年《中国高等医学教育》杂志共30期文献的标题、关键词及摘要的测览,将文献统计为课程研究与教学相关、学生发展与招生政策、评价考试与质量保障、培养目标与教育改革及其他五方面,并以此与国外医学教育研究现状加以比较,提出我国医学教育研究中存在的问题及对策。     

Supervision Strategy and Implementation Key Points of Scientific and Technological Ethical Governance in Health and Medical Field

The ethical governance of science and technology is a kind of practical ethics, which develops in the process of continuously solving the ethical problems and ethical conflicts arising from scientific and technological activities. Ethical governance has common requirements and professional standards. Health- related science and technology activities, including the application of life science and artificial intelligence in health and medical field, make the medical ethical governance face common and unique challenges. The supervision and ethical review should consider the speciality of life science and medical research, and bring the existing ethical review system into full play. However, the focus, emphasis and standards of ethical governance have changed with the application of some technologies (ex. the next-generation sequencing, gene editing, and artificial intelligence). Actions should be taken to strengthen the ethical governance and promote ethics in advance with science and technological implementation in health and medical field. Here in this article, the classified, hierarchical supervision and ethical review strategies are discussed; then some potential effective organization and mechanisms for regional ethics committees are introduced. Promoting the medical education and continuing education of ethical governance of science and technology is also recommended. © 2022, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.     

医师职业精神的教育与评估——解读美国梅奥医学中心的经验

创建于1863年的美国梅奥(Mayo)医学中心以其不断创新的医学教育和世界领先的医疗水平闻名于世。"患者需求第一"是梅奥(Mayo)医学中心的核心价值观。梅奥(Mayo)医学中心正是通过医、教、研的成果,为每个病人提供贯穿整个医疗过程中的最佳服务。无论是医院设计的人性化,还是患者处处受到的关爱和尊重,均体现了这样的主旨。     

在校医学生医德教育现状调查

通过对我院在校的06、07、08、09级学生的医德认知现状进行抽样调查,了解目前医学生的医德认知状况,结果表明,大学生对开设医学伦理学课必要性认识均率为70．56％,对医德规范的界定认知均率为40．25％,对当前社会医德敏感话题的认知令人担忧,对目前医学院校医德教育过程中存在的主要问题的看法令人深思,并对医学生医德教育的现状、实效与对策进行了思考分析。