婴儿期动脉导管未闭介入治疗效果及随访情况

目的评价在婴儿期应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭（PDA）的临床效果。方法婴儿期PDA患儿37例应用Amplatzer封堵器行动脉导管封堵术。年龄（8.7±3.3）个月;体质量（8.6±3.5）kg。主动脉侧位造影确定动脉导管的形态和导管最窄处直径,选择封堵器。经静脉途径置入封堵器。术后24 h,1、6、12个月行胸片和超声心动图随访。结果血管造影测定导管最窄处直径（3.3±1.5）mm。术后即刻完全封堵19例（54.29%）,术后24 h超声心动图检查完全封堵者为31例（88.57%）,术后1个月超声心动图检查完全封堵者34例（97.14%）,术后6和12个月超声心动图检查示封堵成功的患儿均无残余分流。手术时间（57±43）min,X线透视时间（23.0±14.9）min。结论Amplatzer导管封堵器治疗婴儿期PDA是一种安全有效的方法,但应注意该年龄组患儿解剖学特点,防止并发症的发生。     

动脉导管未闭封堵的临床研究

目的 总结经导管介入封堵治疗动脉导管未闭（PDA）的临床经验,以探讨其指征、方法学及并发症。方法 统计10所医院共3215例患儿,其中男1331例,女1884例;≤2岁734例,〉2岁2481例。采用的介入治疗方法有6种,包括Porstmann法、Rashkind法、Sideris法、Cook弹簧栓法、Pfm弹簧栓法及Amplatzer法,其中Amplatzer法及弹簧栓法分别占总例数的73％及14％。结果 总技术成功率98％,其中弹簧栓法、Amplatzer法分别达到99．1％与99．7％,Porstmann法成功率最低,约92％。用弹簧栓法及Amplatzer法治疗的所有病例中有12例未成功,失败原因：并发艾氏综合征5例,大型窗形或短管形PDA3例,常规造影PDA显示不清1例,大型PDA合并重症肺炎、心衰1例,伴重度肺高压装置放置后血压下降1例,术中封堵器脱落、转外科手术1例。并发症：残余分流103例,股动脉血栓形成29例,术后溶血8例,封堵器脱落2例,并发主动脉缩窄2例,左肺动脉狭窄1例。结论 PDA经导管介入封堵治疗PDA创伤小、操作简便、安全、并发症低,与外科手术疗效相仿,在其适应证范围内可作为外科的替代疗法。弹簧栓封堵器适用于中小型PDA,而Amplatzer蘑菇伞状PDA封堵器则适用于中大型PDA。     

动脉导管未闭介入封堵术后血小板减少3例报告

应用Amplatzer法介入治疗动脉导管未闭(patent ductusarteriosus,PDA)已十余年,血小板减少是PDA介入封堵术后罕见并发症。2008年10月—2009年12月我院有3例患儿经Amplatzer法行PDA介入封堵术后出现血小板减少,现报告如下。     

儿童动脉导管未闭和房间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的 评价应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗儿童房间隔缺损(ASD)和动脉导管未闭(PDA)的效果、安全性夏共并发症等。方法 超声心动图及临床诊断ASD、PDA患儿，在透视和(或)经胸超声心动图(TTE)下置入Amplatzer封堵器，术后24h、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年及以后每年分别经胸超声、心电图和X线胸片检查评价治疗效果。结果 16例ASD患儿，球囊测量值13～28mm，选择封堵器直径13～30mm；25例PDA患儿。造影测量值2～7．7mm，选择封堵器直径4～12mm。技术成功率为100％，术中未发生任何并发症，无急诊手术病例。术后即刻造影或TTE显示10例存在残余分流，术后3个月TTE检查所有病例无残余分流和再通，肺动脉压下降。结论 应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA和ASD，具有操作简单、安全、损伤小、成功率高等优点，适合儿童继发孔型ASD及各种类型PDA的介入治疗。     

Amplatzer蘑菇伞治疗动脉导管未闭疗效观察及方法学再探讨

为进一步探讨Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的方法及疗效 ,于1998年8月～2001年12月应用Amplatzer堵塞器治疗PDA患儿210例 ,年龄4.5±2.8岁(0.6～12岁) ,PDA平均最小直径3.89±1.32mm(1.6～6.9mm),堵塞器直径比PDA最小直径大2.5～6mm ,伴肺动脉高压者选用的堵塞器相对较大。在舒张期多次测量PDA直径 ,如左侧位主动脉造影不能清晰显示PDA ,加做右前斜位主动脉造影。堵塞术后行彩色多普勒随访。结果显示 ,所有PDA临床关闭(听诊无杂音) ,出院时达100 % ,超声彩色多普勒检查在出院时无分流达98.6 % ,堵塞术后3月达100% ;超声多普勒随访发现左肺动脉流速在1.5～1.7m/s间6例 ,都为小于1岁婴儿并伴有肺动脉高压 ,且堵塞器直径大于PDA直径3.5mm以上 ;未发生溶血、堵塞器脱落或堵塞器断裂、PDA再通、血栓栓塞、心内膜炎、主动脉狭窄等。提示AmplatzerPDA堵塞器可安全有效地应用于直径1.6mm以上的PDA ,但应避免医源性左肺动脉狭窄     

儿童动脉导管未闭介入治疗单中心疗效及中长期随访观察

目的探讨儿童动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗并发症的发生及原因。方法收集2004年1月1日至2019年1月1日行介入封堵治疗PDA患儿的临床资料,比较其封堵前后及随访1年的变化。结果共收集1 408例患儿,男482例、女926例,中位月龄27.0(2.0～215.0)月,介入成功封堵1 404例(99.72%)。PDA内径术前超声测值为3.3(0.1～18)mm,主动脉造影为2.2(0.1～18)mm;选用封堵器大小为(8.47±2.52)mm。术后24小时心脏超声复查有残余分流125例,血小板减少21例,心律失常31例,溶血2例,动脉血栓3例,假性动脉瘤4例,右髂总动脉破裂1例,右肾挫裂伤1例,封堵器移位4例,降主动脉狭窄1例,肺动脉狭窄1例,三尖瓣前瓣腱索断裂1例。多元logistic回归分析显示,女性、肺动脉高压严重程度递增、封堵器直径增大为术后发生残余分流的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论儿童PDA介入治疗安全、有效;PDA内径较大、合并中重度肺动脉高压患儿术后并发症发生率较高。     

完全性房室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压术后75例预后分析

探讨完全性房室间隔缺损（CAVSD）合并肺动脉高压术后的疗效。方法　对2003年1月至2007年3月在上海儿童医学中心行CAVSD合并肺动脉高压修补术的75例患儿进行随访分析。患儿术前行心导管检查,了解肺动脉压力及肺小动脉阻力（PAR）。通过超声心动图心尖四腔切面评估术前,术后第2天、1个月、6个月及1年肺动脉高压的情况。记录术后监护时间、呼吸机使用时间及肺动脉高压危象发生情况。结果　75例CAVSD患儿术后监护（4.9±2.1） d,呼吸机使用（2.1±0.9） d,出现肺动脉高压危象12例（16%）。PAR > 8 Wood 单位患儿与PAR≤8 Wood 单位患儿比较,年龄较大,术后监护时间、呼吸机维持时间较长,肺动脉高压危象发生率较高 （P均 < 0.05）。院内死亡5例,其中4例的共同瓣严重发育不良。75例患儿中,术后第2天彩超评估39例（52%）肺动脉压力降至正常,51例（68%）于术后1个月肺动脉压力降至正常,64例（85%）于术后6个月肺动脉压力降至正常;68例（91%）于术后1年肺动脉压力降至正常,余7例术后1年仍合并肺动脉高压。结论　CAVSD早期修补术安全、有效。术前PAR > 8 Wood 单位患儿术后易出现肺动脉高压危象。     

经导管同期介入治疗儿童复合型先天性心脏病8例分析及随访

目的：儿童先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)复合畸形(复合型CHD)既往外科手术是唯一的治疗方法,随着介入治疗技术的日渐成熟和新型封堵器械的不断出现,经导管同期介入治疗儿童复合型CHD引起人们的关注,目前,国内外报道尚不多。该研究对儿童复合型CHD经导管介入治疗的方法及疗效进行探讨。方法：应用经导管介入治疗方法同期封堵治疗8例儿童复合型CHD,其中男4例、女4例,平均年龄(6.1±2.9)岁,其中房间隔缺损(ASD)伴室间隔缺损(VSD)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)1例,ASD伴PDA、肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)1例,ASD伴PDA 1例,卵原孔未闭(PFO)伴PS 1例,ASD伴PS 4例。经导管介入治疗的原则是:ASD伴VSD、PDA者,先行VSD封堵术,再行PDA封堵术,最后行ASD封堵术;ASD伴PDA、PS者,先行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)纠正PS,再行PDA封堵术,最后行ASD封堵术;PFO伴PS和ASD伴PS者,先行PBPV纠正PS,其次行PFO或ASD封堵术。结果：8例复合型CHD均1次治疗成功,术中未发生任何严重并发症。术后即刻超声和造影检测显示VSD、ASD及PDA均无残余分流,6例合并PS者,跨肺动脉瓣压差由术前的75.3±15.6 mmHg下降至术后的14.0±5.6 mmHg,经3.4±1.2年随访证实无残余分流,跨瓣压差均在通常标准良好的范围内,无任何并发症发生。结论：经导管介入治疗儿童复合型CHD技术要求较单纯型CHD相对高,宜遵循先难后易、后期操作不影响前面治疗的原则,规范操作,可获良好的治疗效果。     

经皮心导管介入封堵术治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效

目的探讨小儿PDA经皮心导管介入封堵术的疗效。方法对采取经皮心导管介入封堵术治疗PDA患儿86例的临床资料进行总结,观察术后并发症发生情况,并对比封堵前后肺动脉收缩压、舒张压及平均压变化,以及经皮心导管介入封堵术治疗PDA的成功率,以评价经皮心导管介入封堵术治疗PDA的疗效。结果 86例患儿采取经皮心导管介入封堵术治疗,封堵后经造影或超声心动图检查,少量残余分流4例(占4.65%),微量残余分流10例(占11.62%);完全封堵72例(占83.72%);术后24 h超声心动图检查封堵成功86例,封堵成功率为100%。封堵后86例患儿肺动脉收缩压、舒张压和平均压[(4.64±2.16)kPa、(1.39±1.09)kPa、(2.83±1.59)kPa]较封堵前[(6.87±3.23)kPa、(2.64±2.17)kPa、(4.71±2.76)kPa]均显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。结论应用经皮心导管介入封堵方法治疗小儿PDA疗效肯定,具有创伤小,恢复快,并发症发生率低的特点。     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭临床评价

目的采用Amplatzer堵闭器(ADO)治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA),评价其疗效及并发症。方法31例患儿,男12例,女19例,年龄1~19岁,平均7.5岁,体质量4.6~50.0 kg,平均20.5 kg。超声心动图(UCG)测PDA直径2.0~10.6 mm,平均5.8 mm。采用直径4~12 mm、平均7.6 mm,较PDA直径大0.8~5.5 mm、平均2.9 mm的ADO进行封堵。术后48 h1、、3、6个月、1年行UCG复查。结果1例PDA造影直径0.67 mm,因无合适ADO而放弃。失败2例,成功植入ADO 28例(93.3%)。术后造影即刻完全封堵22例(78.6%),4例(14.3%)有微量分流,2例(7.1%)有少量分流。48 h UCG复查均无残余分流。随访1年全组未出现心脏感染、溶血、封堵器脱落,ADO突入降主动脉(DAO)引起DAO轻度狭窄3例,ADO突入左肺动脉(LPA)引起LPA轻度狭窄1例。结论应用ADO治疗PDA安全可靠,但要注意封堵器对DAO和LPA的影响,以避免造成大血管狭窄。     

Transcatheter Closure of a Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus in a Young Child Using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder

The Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) provides a safe and effective therapy for patients with moderate- to large-sized patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), but there have been few reports of transcatheter closure of very large PDAs in young children and infants. We report a successful transcatheter closure of a very large PDA, 10.5 mm in diameter at the narrowest point, with a 14/12-mm ADO. To our knowledge, this is the largest PDA ever closed by an interventional method in such a young child.     

Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus occlusion: evolution of techniques and results from the 1990s

OBJECTIVE: To review the evolution of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion techniques and results. METHODS: A single institution, retrospective review including all patients with intention to close a PDA from 1991 to 1998, with no exclusions. RESULTS: Rashkind occluder (n = 65), sideris double-button (n = 6), Cook detachable coil (n = 28) and Amplatzer ductal occluder (n = 4) were used. Successful implantation occurred in 99 of 103 patients. There was a need for a second transcatheter procedure to close residual ductal shunting in 12% of patients: Rashkind umbrellas (n = 8), double-button (n = 1), coils (n = 3). Eight patients (8%) required surgery, including 4 of 6 patients with the double-button occluder. CONCLUSIONS: The Rashkind occluder and the Sideris double-button device both had an unacceptably high rate of residual shunts requiring a second transcatheter procedure or surgical closure. Detachable coils and the Amplatzer ductal occluder have become the current technology of choice for transcatheter PDA closure with high success rates.     

Transcatheter Amplatzer Occlusion and Surgical Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Comparison of Effectiveness and Costs in a Low-Income Country

The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness and cost of transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion with those of surgical closure for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a low-income country, China. Although transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion for PDA has been increasingly performed, surgical PDA closure is still a routine procedure at many hospitals in China. Therefore, the selection of treatment modality for patients with PDA who could undergo either treatment option is controversial. The treatment of patients with PDA from February 2005 to February 2007 was analyzed retrospectively. A total of 130 patients underwent surgical closure for PDA, whereas 51 patients underwent Amplatzer occlusion. There were no deaths and no residual left-to-right shunting in either group at last follow-up. In total, 2% of patients with complications requiring management underwent Amplatzer device closure and 6.2% surgical closure. The mean hospital stay was 3.6 ± 1.5 days for the device group and 8.8 ± 2.3 days for the surgical group (p < 0.001). The cost with surgical closure was 26% less than that with Amplatzer device closure (13,841.2 ± 3630.3 vs. 18,708.7 ± 1816.5 Renminbi [Chinese currency]; p < 0.001). In conclusion, although transcatheter Amplatzer device occlusion is as effective as and less invasive than surgical closure for PDA, surgical closure is less costly. In low-income countries such as China, where health-care resources are limited, PDA closure with the Amplatzer duct occluder device is not cost-effective.     

经导管Amplatzer封堵器和外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭对照试验的Meta分析

目的评估经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效,为临床应用提供指导。方法采用Meta分析方法,对国内外有关经导管Amplatzer封堵器和外科手术治疗PDA的对比临床研究进行综合定量分析,采用RevMan4.2.2软件进行数据处理,计算各组技术失败率、并发症及严重并发症发生率、残余分流率等的相对危险度(RR)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果符合纳入标准共5篇文献,总样本量349例。经导管Amplatzer封堵器组技术失败率高于外科手术组[5组对照试验(CT),349例,3.0%vs0,RR=4.29,95%CI(0.77,23.95)],但无显著性差异(P=0.10);并发症发生率低于外科手术[5组CT,343例,3.1%vs38.0%,RR=0.11,95%CI(0.05,0.23)](P<0.00001);严重并发症发生率显著低于手术组[5组CT,343例,0.5%vs6.0%,RR=0.23,95%CI(0.06,0.90)](P=0.03);Amplatzer封堵器组治疗后即时残余分流率高于手术组[4组CT,304例,16.3%vs0,RR=16.06,95%CI(3.0,86.12)](P=0.001);出院时残余分流率虽高于手术组,但无显著性差异(2.5%vs0,P=0.33)。结论经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA尽管成功率低于外科手术,但其创伤小、并发症发生率低、疗效与手术相仿,随着封堵器及其输送系统的不断改进和完善,在适应证范围内经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗可作为PDA外科手术治疗的替代方法。     

Transcatheter Occlusion of Residual Patent Ductus Arteriosus After Surgical Ligation

The reported frequency of residual leaks after surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) varies from 6% to 23%. Reports on percutaneous closure of PDA also involve patients with residual PDA after ligation, but specific data regarding this type of PDA are rare. Our objective was to assess retrospectively the characteristics of residual PDA relevant to transcatheter closure and occlusion results using three types of occluders. Twelve consecutive patients underwent transcatheter occlusion of residual PDA after surgical ligation at a median age of 4.6 years (range 3.2–44.6 years) and median weight 16.5 kg (range 13–62 kg). Three types of occluder were used: Gianturco coils, detachable Cook PDA coils, and the new Amplatzer duct occluder. The median diameter of residual PDA after ligation was 1.5 mm (range 0.9–4.2 mm). All PDAs were of type A morphology. Thirteen devices were successfully placed in the 12 patients, without embolization. There were no complications. At 1 month and 1 year follow-up all residual shunts were completely closed. Coils are particularly suitable for complete closure of residual leaks after surgical ligation of PDA. A 100% closure rate was achieved with a low number of implanted coils.     

经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗小儿动脉导管未闭的随访结果

目的总结经导管Amplatzer封堵器(Amplatzerductoccluder,ADO)治疗小儿动脉导管未闭(patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的远期随访结果,进一步评价应用ADO治疗小儿PDA远期疗效和安全性。方法对1998年4月至2003年12月间接受ADO封堵术的PDA患儿进行回顾性队列研究。结果共有250例PDA患儿接受ADO封堵术,平均年龄5.3(3个月～16岁)岁,平均体重15.1(3.5～35.0)kg。PDA最窄处直径在1.8～11.0mm之间,平均(4.2±1.5)mm,其中52例(20.0%)直径超过5mm。PDA均应用4～14mm大小的ADO进行封堵,输送长鞘为6F(205例)或7F(45例)。250例中,ADO成功植入245例(98.0%)。Qp/Qs从1.90±0.60降至1.03±0.21(P<0.05)。不同形状的PDA均可应用ADO进行封堵。近期并发症5例,其中溶血3例,股动脉血栓2例,无死亡病例。共有205例在堵闭术后完成1天～60个月的随访,随访率为82.0%。残余分流率在不同随访时间点分别为9.2%(1天)、2.8%(1个月)、1.2%(6个月)、0.8%(12个月)、0(24个月)、0(36个月)、0(48个月)、0(60个月)。5例(2.0%)随访中因残余分流出现溶血或无溶血需要再次接受治疗,随访1年和5年无事件发生率为98.0%。结论应用ADO治疗小儿PDA远期疗效确切,安全性好。     

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus: complementary use of detachable Cook patent ductus arteriosus coils and Amplatzer duct occluders

 Several different devices were evaluated for the percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and important drawbacks were found in all of them. To overcome these drawbacks, both detachable Cook PDA coils and Amplatzer duct occluders (ADO) were used for the percutaneous closure of PDA. A total of 54 patients underwent transcatheter occlusion of PDA at a median age of 4.5 years (range 0.5–29 years) and at a median weight of 19.5 kg (range 6–69 kg). Three patients were adults. Detachable Cook PDA coils were used in 26 patients with a median PDA diameter of 1.7 mm (range 1.1–2.2 mm) and ADO were used in 28 patients with a median PDA diameter of 3.8 mm (range 1.9–7.5 mm). Devices were successfully implanted in all 54 patients. Complete closure was achieved in 53 of 54 patients (98% closure rate). Median fluoroscopy time was 12 min (range 4–47 min). Conclusion According to our experience, the complementary use of detachable Cook patent ductus arteriosus coils and Amplatzer duct occluders for the percutaneous closure of PDA can be recommended. Received: 12 November 1998 and in revised form: 2 June 1999 / Accepted: 13 July 1999     

经导管Amplatzer堵塞器治疗动脉导管未闭的评价

为研究评价新的自膨性Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ堵塞器关闭动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的疗效,于１９９８年８月至１９９９年２月应用Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ堵塞器关闭突兀 ,年龄０．８～１１岁（平均３．９岁）,体重７～３９ｋｇ（平均１５．８ｋｇ）,ＰＤＡ最狭处直径２．３～６．４３ｍｍ（平均３．５ｍｍ）。应用６Ｆ长鞘经股静脉插至降主动脉递送堵塞器,术后１０～１５分钟作主动脉造影评价即职效。关闭术后２４小时、１月、３月、６月