血小板因子4经Toll样受体4上调巨噬细胞基质金属蛋白酶9表达

目的 观察血小板因子4（PF4）对THP-1单核源性巨噬细胞基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）表达的影响,并初步探讨其机制。方法 佛玻酯诱导THP-1细胞分化成巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞经不同浓度PF4（0～200 μg/L）处理一定时间后,RT-PCR和Western blot检测MMP-9和Toll样受体4（TLR4）表达。为了研究TLR4在其中的作用,细胞经TLR4阻断剂预处理30 min后,再与PF4孵育特定时间,检测MMP-9表达。结果 与对照组比较,50 μg/L PF4即可显著上调巨噬细胞MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白水平,至100 μg/L时,MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达达到最大效应水平,分别较对照组增高约3.8倍（P<0.001）和1.5（P<0.01）倍。PF4（100 μg/L）也较对照组显著上调TLR4 mRNA和蛋白水平。而加入TLR4阻断剂后可逆转PF4诱导的巨噬细胞MMP-9表达上调,其mRNA和蛋白水平分别较PF4单独孵育组降低约26%和21%（P均<0.05）。结论 PF4可能通过TLR4上调巨噬细胞MMP-9的表达。     

铁离子螯合剂去铁胺对巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子表达的影响

目的:观察铁负荷过低对巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)表达的影响。方法: 体外诱导THP-1单核细胞转化为巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞。实验细胞分为3组:对照组（正常巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞）、铁离子螯合剂去铁胺(DFO)刺激组、柠檬酸铁和DFO共刺激组。应用RT-PCR和Western blot测定巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞中EMMPRIN基因和蛋白的表达。用Western blot测定MMP-9蛋白的表达。用明胶酶谱法测定MMP-9的活性。结果: DFO刺激组中EMMPRIN基因及蛋白的水平、MMP-9蛋白表达的水平及活性均明显高于对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。柠檬酸铁逆转了DFO对EMMPRIN表达的上调作用。结论: 铁负荷过低可增加巨噬细胞及泡沫细胞中炎症因子的表达及活性,可能会促进心血管事件的发生。     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子在动脉粥样硬化发展进程中的相关研究进展

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子在多种细胞表达并诱导基质金属蛋白酶产生,近期有较多研究表明,细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子在动脉粥样硬化相关细胞以及人类动脉粥样斑块内高表达,推测其在动脉粥样硬化的病理生理中可能起到重要的作用。     

Toll样受体2和Toll样受体4及其信号通路在原发性痛风性关节炎发病机制中作用的研究

目的 探讨Toll样受体(TLR)2、TLR4及其信号通路在痛风炎症反应中的作用.方法 应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测痛风性关节炎急性组32例、痛风性关节炎非急性组20例及健康对照组(健康体检者)32名外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)TLR2 mRNA、TLR4 mRNA水平,Western-blot检测上述3组各8例PBMCs核蛋白核因子-κB p65,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测3组血浆白细胞介素(IL)-1β含量;并将上述各指标水平与痛风患者及健康体检者血尿酸水平进行相关性分析.多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用q检验.结果 TLR4 mRNA、核因子-κB D65、血浆IL-1β及血尿酸水平在痛风性关节炎急性组[(5.0+1.2)、(7.11+0.18)、(283_+83)pg/ml、(585_+123)μmol/L]和非急性组[(2.3±O.4)、(0.63±0.06)、(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/L]均显著高于健康对照组[(1.1± 0.6)、(0.52±0.12)、(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P均<0.01),痛风性关节炎急性组高于非急性组(P均<0.01);TLR2 mRNA在3组的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).痛风患者TLR4 mRNA和IL-1B水平与血浆尿酸水平呈正相关(rs=0.876,0.779;P均<0.05),而TLR2 mRNA和IL-1β水平与血浆尿酸水平无相关性(P均>0.05).健康体检者TLR4、TLR2 mRNA与血尿酸、IL-1B水平均无相关性(P均>0.05).结论 原发性痛风性关节炎可通过胞膜型模式识别受体激活固有性免疫应答,TLR4-核因子-κB-IL-1β信号通路参与了痛风免疫及炎症反应调节,痛风患者体内尿酸盐晶体与TLR4及其信号通路激活有关.

Abstract：

objective The roles of TLRs and their signal pathway in gouty arthritis(GA)were explored.Methods TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in PBMCs,IL-1β level was detected using ELISA in plasma,and NF-κB p65 protein level in PBMCs was measured using Western blot.Level of TLR2 mRNA,ILR4 mRNA,IL-1β,NF-κB p65protein was compared among acute GA,non-acute GA and healthy controls.Correlation between TLR2mRNA,TLR4 mRNA and serum uric acid,IL-1β level in GA patients was analyzed.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data between multiple groups and q-test was used for two-two comparison.Spearman's analysis was applied for correlation analysis.Resuits The expression of TLR4 mRNA,NF-KB p65 protein,IL-1β arid serum uric acid level in patients with acute GA [(5.0±1.2), (7.11±0.18), (283±83)pg/ml,[585±123)μmol/L] was significantly increased compared to non-acute GA[(2.3±0.4),(0.63±0.06),(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/Lj and healthy controls(1.1±0.6),(0.52±0.12),(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P<0.01,respectively).Significant diffefence was also observed between non-acute GA patients and healthy controls(P<0.05,respectively).The level of TLRR4 mRNA was positively correlated with uric acid and IL-1β level in GA patients(rs=0.876,0.779;P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion Innate immunity are activated by membrane-type pattern recognition receptors in primary GA.TLR4-NFκB p65-IL-1β signat transduction may participate in the inflammatory mechanisms of gout.Urate crystals in patients with gout may:be involved in the activation of TLR4 and its signal pathway.     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子与急性冠脉综合征关系的研究进展

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子是一种高糖基化的跨膜蛋白,广泛表达于人体的各种组织细胞,属于免疫球蛋白家族。细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子可通过刺激冠脉动脉粥样斑块内的基质金属蛋白酶的分泌来影响斑块的稳定性,在急性冠脉综合征的发生、发展方面起到了重要作用。现就细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子在急性冠脉综合征方面的作用作一综述。     

Toll样受体4和核因子-κB在颅内动脉瘤组织中的表达及作用机制

目的探讨Toll样受体(TLR)4和核因子(NF)-κB在颅内动脉瘤组织中的表达及作用机制。方法在开颅动脉瘤夹闭术中收集18例动脉瘤标本,根据Hunt-hess标准分为破裂组10例、未破裂组8例;取开颅夹闭术中获取入路同侧血管10份为正常对照组。分别行光镜和电镜观察标本病理学改变,α-actin染色结合电镜观察计算出血管平滑肌细胞密度;免疫组化法检测标本中TLR4、NF-κB、CD68、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-3表达水平;RT-PCR和Western印迹检测标本中TLR4、NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量。结果动脉瘤血管壁分布有少量阳性平滑肌细胞,而正常血管壁平滑肌细胞α-actin染色几乎均为阳性,其中破裂组、未破裂组的血管平滑肌细胞密度明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01);破裂组血管平滑肌细胞密度明显低于未破裂组(P<0.05)。破裂组、未破裂组TLR4、NF-κB、CD68、Caspase-3表达水平明显高于正常对照组,破裂组明显高于未破裂组(P<0.05)。破裂组、未破裂组TLR4和NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量均明显高于正常对照组,破裂组明显高于未破裂组(P<0.05)。结论 TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在血管内皮损伤介导的颅内动脉瘤血管壁炎性反应和平滑肌细胞介导的退行性病变过程中发挥重要作用。     

Toll样受体4/核因子κB和氧化低密度脂蛋白受体LOX-1对单核内皮细胞黏附的影响

目的近年研究表明介导先天免疫反应的受体Toll样受体4（TLR4）参与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。TLR4激动后通过诱导核因子κB（NF—κB）激活,调控炎症因子的表达。研究观察TLR4／NF—κB激活对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）氧化低密度脂蛋白受体（lectin—like oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-1,LOX-1）、细胞间黏附分子1（intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1）、E-选择素（E—selectin）表达的调节,以及它们在介导单核内皮细胞黏附中的作用。方法应用脂多糖（LPS,1mg／L）刺激HUVECs 24h。采用RT—PCR方法检测TLR4、LOX-1、ICAM-1、E—selecfin mRNA表达水平;采用蛋白质印迹技术检测TLR4、LOX-1蛋白表达水平及核蛋白NF—κB p65表达的变化;采用直接计数法观察HUVECs与单核细胞的黏附率。结果LPS上调TLR4表达,激活NF—κB,上调HUVECs LOX-1、ICAM-1、E—selectin表达,增加单核细胞与内皮细胞的黏附率;抗LOX-1、ICAM-1、E—selectin抗体均部分抑制LPS介导的单核与内皮细胞黏附率的增加;NF—κB抑制剂一咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）抑制了LPS介导的上述效应。结论TLR4／NF—κB激活上调LOX-1、ICAM-1、E—selectin表达,它们均在LPS介导的单核内皮细胞黏附过程中起部分作用,NF—κB在LPS介导的上述效应中起关键调节作用,干预NF—κB激活可能成为防治动脉粥样硬化的靶目标。     

成骨细胞Toll样受体4信号通路研究进展

Toll样受体4(TLR4)为天然免疫的关键模式识别受体,在骨丢失发病机制中发挥重要作用。TLR4通路与影响成骨细胞的其他通路如Wnt/β-catenin、TGF-β/BMP、Notch通路间存在密切联系。TLR4通路通过抑制NF-κB配体受体活化剂(RANKL)、骨保护素(OPG)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等成骨相关标志物表达抑制成骨细胞的分化、增殖、矿化等。TLR4通路还能促进成骨细胞凋亡、降低骨密度。本文就TLR4结构、功能及其对成骨细胞的作用进行综述。     

冠心病患者临床类型与细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子表达水平的关系

目的：研究冠心病临床类型与细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（EMMPRIN）的关系。方法根据临床表现和冠状动脉造影结果,179例患者分成稳定型心绞痛（SAP）35例,不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）76例,急性心肌梗死（AMI）68例,健康对照组30例。流式细胞仪检测患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）表面EMMPRIN的平均荧光强度（MFI）;免疫速率法检测血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）浓度,分析冠心病组患者EMMPRIN水平与冠状动脉造影Gensini评分的相关性。结果 PBMCs表面EMMPRIN表达在冠心病临床分型中AMI组、UAP组、SAP组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。病变血管累及支数越多,其表达增加越明显,三支病变＞双支病变＞单支病变＞对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。相关性分析显示,PBMCs表面EMMPRIN（MFI）与血清hs-CRP浓度及冠状动脉病变Gensini评分呈正相关。结论 EMMPRIN水平与冠心病临床分型相关。     

铁离子螯合剂去铁胺上调巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子表达的机制探讨

目的: 探讨铁负荷过低上调巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)表达的机制。研究促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、视黄醛x受体（RXR）及过氧化物酶体增殖剂活化受体γ（PPARγ）在此过程中的作用。方法: 将巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞给予MAPK（p38,ERK1/2）信号通路抑制剂及RXR的天然配体预处理,加入或不加入去铁胺继续培养24 h,用Western blot测定细胞中EMMPRIN蛋白的表达。于巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞中加入铁离子鳌合剂去铁胺刺激,用Western blot检测MAPK（p38,ERK1/2）的磷酸化及PPARγ的水平。结果: p38 MAPK通路抑制剂及RXR和配体在本身不影响EMMPRIN表达的同时,可抑制去铁胺对EMMPRIN表达的上调。去铁胺可促进p38 MAPK磷酸化,但不影响PPARγ蛋白表达。结论: p38 MAPK 参与了铁负荷过低上调巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞中EMMPRIN表达的过程;RXR可能参与了该过程。     

EMMPRIN (CD147) regulation of MMP-9 in bronchial epithelial cells in COPD

Background and objective: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN or CD147) induces the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) such as MMP‐9, which plays an important role in COPD. We determined its cellular origin and role in MMP‐9 production in COPD. Methods: Bronchial biopsies, alveolar macrophages (AM) and blood monocytes (BM) from patients with COPD, healthy smokers and non‐smokers, and bronchial epithelial cells (EC) from surgically resected airways from patients with COPD were stimulated with LPS or CRP in the presence and absence of an anti‐EMMPRIN blocking antibody. EMMPRIN in BAL, plasma, conditioned media and cell lysates was quantified and immunohistochemical localization of EMMPRIN was determined in bronchial biopsies. MMP‐9 activity and mRNA was also determined. Results: EMMPRIN levels in BAL fluid were higher in patients with COPD compared with non‐smokers and smokers. There was greater EMMPRIN expression in EC from patients with COPD compared with smokers and non‐smokers. EC secreted and expressed more EMMPRIN protein than BM and AM. Blocking EMMPRIN decreased MMP‐9 activity in supernatant of EC, but not in those from AM and BM, and decreased MMP‐9 mRNA expression in EC. Conclusions: The increased EMMPRIN expression in COPD is reflected by an increased release from bronchial EC, which are one of the main source of EMMPRIN. EMMPRIN regulates MMP‐9 expression in COPD.     

清化肠饮对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响

[目的]评价清化肠饮对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的治疗效果并阐明其可能的分子机制。[方法]利用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导UC小鼠模型,将动物随机分为3组:正常对照组、UC模型组和清化肠饮治疗组,每组各10只。观察小鼠疾病活动指数、组织病理学改变,测量血清淀粉酶样蛋白A(SAA)水平,以及观察清化肠饮对UC小鼠模型中TLR4、MyD88、IκB磷酸化表达水平,NF-κB核转录的影响。[结果]研究发现清化肠饮能够很好地改善DSS诱导UC小鼠模型的临床症状、结肠缩短和组织损伤。此外,经清化肠饮的治疗能明显降低DSS诱导的SAA的分泌。此外,清化肠饮能明显抑制DSS诱导的TLR4的表达和MyD88、IκB的磷酸化和NF-κB的核易位。[结论]抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路可能是清化肠饮治疗UC的机制之一。     

黄芪多糖对大鼠缺氧/复氧诱导的心肌细胞自噬及凋亡抑制作用的机制探讨

目的：探究黄芪多糖（APS）通过调控高迁移率族蛋白1/Toll样受体4/核转录因子-κB(HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB)信号通路对大鼠缺氧/复氧（H/R）诱导的心肌细胞自噬及凋亡的抑制作用。方法：建立H9C2心肌细胞H/R损伤模型并分为4组：对照组、H/R组、APS组和HMGB1抑制剂组。CCK-8法和EdU染色法检测细胞增殖能力;酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6含量;透射电镜观察细胞自噬小体的形成;膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶（AnnexinV-FITC/PI）双染法检测细胞凋亡;实时定量PCR检测细胞HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(caspase-3)、P62、微管相关蛋白1A/1B-轻链3(MAP1LC3,缩写为LC3)-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组相比,H/R组细胞增殖能力明显减弱,凋亡及自噬水平明显增加,细胞内可见大量自...     

右美托咪定联合Tol样受体4抑制剂对缺氧复氧心肌细胞凋亡和炎症反应的影响及其机制

目的探讨右美托咪定(DEX)联合Toll样受体4(TLR4)抑制剂TAK-242对缺氧复氧(H/R)心肌细胞凋亡和炎症反应的影响及其机制。方法心肌细胞H9C2分为对照(Con)组、H/R组(H/R损伤)、DEX组(1.0μmol/L DEX,再行H/R损伤)、TAK-242组(30μmol/L TAK-242,再行H/R损伤)和DEX+TAK-242组(30μmol/L TAK-242及1.0μmol/L DEX,再行H/R损伤处理)。各组细胞复氧培养6 h后,采用MTT法、流式细胞仪、试剂盒、酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞增殖、凋亡、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率、白介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,Western blot检测B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、裂解的caspase-3(cleaved caspase-3)、TLR4和核因子B p65(NF-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果五组细胞凋亡率、LDH释放率、Bax、Bcl-2、cleaved caspase-3、TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平、IL-1β、TNF-α含量比较差异均有统计学意义(F=316.938、330.004、839.933、169.750、378.365、476.535、298.527、99.219、293.498,P<0.05)。与Con组相比,H/R组细胞的凋亡率、LDH释放率、Bax、cleaved caspase-3、TLR4和NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平、细胞上清液中IL-1β和TNF-α含量均明显升高(均P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显降低(均P<0.05)。与H/R组相比,DEX组、TAK-242组和DEX+TAK-242组的细胞凋亡率、LDH释放率、Bax蛋白、cleaved caspase-3、TLR4和NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达水平均明显降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显升高(均P<0.05)。与DEX组、TAK-242组相比,DEX+TAK-242组的细胞凋亡率、LDH释放率、Bax、cleaved caspase-3、TLR4和NF-κB p65蛋白表达、IL-1β、TNF-α表达水平更低,Bcl-2蛋白的表达更高(均P<0.05)。结论DEX和TAK-242联合可协同抑制H/R引起的心肌细胞凋亡和炎症反应,其作用机制可能与协同抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路有关。     

Abdominal paracentesis drainage attenuates intestinal inflammation in rats with severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the HMGB1-mediated TLR4 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Our previous studies confirmed that abdominal paracentesis drainage(APD)attenuates intestinal mucosal injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and improves administration of enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP).However,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of APD remain poorly understood.AIM To evaluate the effect of APD on intestinal inflammation and accompanying apoptosis induced by SAP in rats,and its potential mechanisms.METHODS SAP was induced in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats by 5%sodium taurocholate.Mild AP was induced by intraperitoneal injections of cerulein(20μg/kg body weight,six consecutive injections).Following SAP induction,a drainage tube connected to a vacuum ball was placed into the lower right abdomen of the rats to build APD.Morphological changes,serum inflammatory mediators,serum and ascites high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1),intestinal barrier function indices,apoptosis and associated proteins,and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling molecules in intestinal tissue were assessed.RESULTS APD significantly alleviated intestinal mucosal injury induced by SAP,as demonstrated by decreased pathological scores,serum levels of D-lactate,diamine oxidase and endotoxin.APD reduced intestinal inflammation and accompanying apoptosis of mucosal cells,and normalized the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in intestinal tissues.APD significantly suppressed activation of the intestinal TLR4 signaling pathway mediated by HMGB1,thus exerting protective effects against SAP-associated intestinal injury.CONCLUSION APD improved intestinal barrier function,intestinal inflammatory response and accompanying mucosal cell apoptosis in SAP rats.The beneficial effects are potentially due to inhibition of HMGB1-mediated TLR4 signaling.     

Ox-LDL诱导血管平滑肌细胞胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素表达

目的:观察氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)是否可以诱导血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)表达胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP),并探讨核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路在其中的作用。方法:原代培养VSMCs,分别用ox-LDL及ox-LDL联合NF-κB特异性抑制剂——吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)干预。采用免疫组织化学染色检测胞质中TSLP的表达,用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中TSLP的浓度,用电泳迁移率实验检测NF-κB的结合活性。结果:正常未经ox-LDL刺激的VSMCs几乎不表达TSLP,经ox-LDL刺激后胞质及上清液中的TSLP表达明显增加,并有浓度和时间依赖性。Ox-LDL刺激VSMCs表达TSLP的同时NF-κB信号通路激活,经PDTC预处理后TSLP表达量显著减少。结论:Ox-LDL能够诱导VSMCs表达TSLP,其作用机制可能为上调NF-κB的结合活性。     

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: distinct gene expression profiles of potential pathogenic significance in specific subsets of patients

Background

Signaling through the B-cell receptor appears to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Toll-like receptors bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses by acting as co-stimulatory signals for B cells. The available data on the expression of Toll-like receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are limited and derive from small series of patients.

Design and Methods

We profiled the expression of genes associated with Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in 192 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and explored potential associations with molecular features of the clonotypic B-cell receptors.

Results

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells express all Toll-like receptors expressed by normal activated B cells, with high expression of TLR7 and CD180, intermediate expression of TLR1, TLR6, TLR10 and low expression of TLR2 and TLR9. The vast majority of adaptors, effectors and members of the NFKB, JNK/p38, NF/IL6 and IRF pathways are intermediately-to-highly expressed, while inhibitors of Toll-like receptor activity are generally low-to-undetectable, indicating that the Toll-like receptor-signaling framework is competent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Significant differences were identified for selected genes between cases carrying mutated or unmutated IGHV genes or assigned to different subsets with stereotyped B-cell receptors. The differentially expressed molecules include receptors, NFκB/MAPK signaling molecules and final targets of the cascade.

Conclusions

The observed variations are suggestive of distinctive activation patterns of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in subgroups of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by the molecular features of B-cell receptors. Additionally, they indicate that different or concomitant signals acting through receptors other than the B-cell receptor can affect the behavior of the malignant clone.     

ERK信号通路在组胺诱导的大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖中的调控作用

目的本研究旨在探讨细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal—regulated kinase,ERK）信号通路在组胺诱导的大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（airway smooth muscle cells,ASMCs）增殖中的调控作用。方法以体外分离、培养的ASMCs为研究对象,加入不同浓度组胺（histanmine,Hist）和PD98059对其进行处理,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）微量比色法检测Hist及ERK信号通路对ASMCs增殖的影响,Western blot检测ERK1／2、磷酸化ERK1／2（phosphorylated-ERK1／2,p-ERK1／2）蛋白的表达,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定ASMCs核内NF—κB水平,并对各组进行比较。结果低浓度和高浓度的Hist均能不同程度刺激ASMCs增殖,100μmol／L时细胞存活率达201．3％;Hist组ASMCs增殖反应与对照组相比显著增加,而Hist＋PD980059组ASMCs的增殖反应显著低于Hist组;Hist组ASMCs中的p-ERK1／2蛋白表达较正常对照组明显增强,在加入PD980059后Hist诱导的活化ERK1／2相对于Hist组表达显著下降;Hist处理组NF—κB吸光度值显著高于对照组,Hist＋PD98059组NF—κB吸光度值较Hist处理组显著降低。结论Hist可显著诱导ASMCs增殖,ERK信号通道在此调控中起重要作用,而且还可能参与ASMCs中Hist诱导的NF—κB活化。     

促肾上腺皮质释放因子对HT-29细胞中Toll样受体4/核因子-κB信号通路的影响

目的 观察促肾上腺皮质释放因子(corticotrophin-releasing factor CRF)对结肠上皮细胞系HT-29细胞中Toll样受体(TLR)4/核因子(NF)-κB的表达调控作用。方法 将HT-29细胞分为4组,正常对照组,脂多糖(LPS)组（IPS 20μg/ml刺激24 h）,CRF组(CRF 20 ng/ml刺激24h),CRF+LPS组（预先CRF孵育12h,更换细胞液后再与LPS孵育12h）。刺激结束后,RT-PCR法检测各组细胞中TLR4 mRNA的表达,提取细胞总蛋白,免疫印迹法检测各组细胞中TLR4和NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。收集上清液,ELISA法检测各组细胞上清液中IL-8的表达。结果 LPS组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平为0.31±0.04和0.48±0.17,与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义[0.28±0.02和0.45±0.12,t值分别＝0.216和0.712,P值均＞0.05],CRF组为1.05±0.06和1.08±0.21,与正常对照组相比明显增高（t值分别＝3.721和3.802,P值均＜0.05）,而CRF+ LPS组为1.68±0.05和1.81±0.18,更高于CRF组（t值分别＝4.816和3.918,P值均＜0.05）。各组HT-29细胞中NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平和细胞上清液中IL-8表达水平,与TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平结果一致。结论 CRF不仅能直接刺激肠上皮细胞中TLR4/NF-κB通路活化,还可促进结肠上皮对LPS的反应增加,导致IL-8释放增多。