关于"以实证为基础的护理”的理论与实践

"以实证为基础的护理”是近年来兴起的一种提高护理活动科学性和有效性的方法,本文通过分析其起源、概念、实施步骤、理论基础、临床意义,以探索在我国护理实践中的实用性.     

循证护理:理论与实践

长期以来 ,护理实践的特点就是按照工作程序提供护理服务 ,在用科学证据指导临床护理决策和行动方面存在局限性。在讲求证据的年代 ,护士应积极寻求现时的证据来更新知识结构 ,增强解决问题的能力 ,为病人提供高效优质的护理 ,以满足 2 1世纪循证的要求 ,迎接所面临的挑战。循证护理实践就是实现此目标的一个很好的方法。文章从认识循证医学的内涵及以科学证据为基础的实践对临床护理服务影响的角度出发 ,主要讨论证据的质量分级、循证护理实践的主要步骤及其与临床路径的相互关系、我国循证护理实践现状、护理人员实施循证护理面临的挑战。     

Evidence-based practice: compatibility with nursing

This article explores the compatibility of evidence-based practice with nursing. The generation of relevant research evidence in nursing and determining best evidence are discussed. The article concludes that different forms of research, other than randomised controlled trials, are valid and in many cases more applicable to nursing practice, and that nurses need to determine what constitutes relevant and best evidence for the profession.     

Evidence-based practice and orthopaedic nursing

Evidence-based practice has become part of the language of health care. This article illustrates the professional implications for orthopaedic nurses and the challenges it raises for current and future practice development. The article suggests steps for developing an evidence-based approach to orthopaedic practice, the necessary skills nurses need to develop, and the benefits of a multidisciplinary view in developing practice. The current lack of sound evidence and research in many areas of orthopaedic nursing emphasizes the necessity for future research of practice.     

Evidence-based nursing practice: to infinity and beyond

BACKGROUND: Medical errors are in the news almost daily, frequently after patients have experienced ineffective and unsafe protocols. As a result, patients and family members lose trust in the healthcare system. Nursing practice is changing almost daily with advances in nursing research and improvements in technology and practice. Reading, understanding, and managing these large amounts of information have become difficult for most nurses and organizations. METHODS: This article provides an historical background for evidence-based practice and methods for assimilating research into practice. RESULTS: Systematic reviews and other decision-making models are discussed using specific questions for establishing policy guidelines. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based practice encompasses implementing the best-known practices into the clinical setting using a scientific approach. As a result, safe, high-quality, and cost-effective care will be more likely to occur consistently.     

Evidence-based practice: ethical questions for nursing

Evidence-based nursing practice is a global phenomenon, the purpose of which is to standardize and guide nursing practice based on exclusionary quantitative scientific inquiry. What are the origins of this standard terminology found in medicine, nursing, and other healthcare professions? What are the educational and ethical implications for evidence-based nursing practice from a nursing theoretical perspective? The author will begin a discussion of ethical questions for the discipline to consider as the evidence-based practice movement gains momentum in healthcare arenas worldwide.     

Evidence-based practice and school nursing.

School nurses need to demonstrate that their practice is based on the best evidence available, which is usually data obtained from research. Evidence-based practice involves combining the best evidence available with nursing expertise and patient and family preferences to determine optimum care. Evidence-based practice guidelines are developed by carefully reviewing the available evidence on a topic and synthesizing this information into recommendations for practice. This article defines evidence-based practice and best evidence, describes the development of evidence-based practice guidelines, discusses factors that affect the use of research and evidence-based practice guidelines in school nursing, and reviews current sources of evidence-based practice guidelines for school nurses. Strategies that school nurses can use to incorporate evidence into their practice are discussed. One recommendation is that school nurses partner with nurse leaders and nurse researchers to develop evidence-based practice guidelines relevant to school nurse practice.     

Evidence-based psychiatric nursing practice: Rhetoric or reality

The most desirable basis to substantiate clinical practice is the evidence of well-established research findings. Developing evidence-based care involves defining the clinical question, finding the evidence, analyzing the evidence, using the evidence, and evaluating the outcome. Practice guidelines and clinical algorithms are useful tools for applying research findings in a practical way. Other mental health professionals are actively incorporating an evidence-based approach into their practice, training, and research activities. This article raises questions about whether psychiatric nursing has evidence-based models of care, is contributing to advancing knowledge related to the nature, process, and outcomes of psychiatric care, and is incorporating evidence-based psychiatric nursing care in its educational programs. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [2001]. 7, 103-111.)     

Evidence-based practice guidelines and school nursing.

The use of evidence-based practice (EBP) has become the standard of health care practice. Nurses are expected to use best evidence on a wide range of topics, yet most nurses have limited time, resources, and/or skills to access and evaluate the quality of research and evidence needed to practice evidence-based nursing. EBP guidelines allow nurses and other health care workers to have research information collected, analyzed, and condensed into specific practice recommendations by experts. This article defines EBP guidelines and discusses the process of guideline development, including identification of topics, systematic literature searches, and evaluation and rating of research. Criteria for determining the quality of existing guidelines are reviewed. The steps needed to develop EBP guidelines specifically for school nursing are discussed.