Radiation and thermal sensitivities of murine tumor (FSa-II) cells recurrent after a heavy irradiation.

Radiation and thermal sensitivities, and cell doubling times (Tds) of C3Hf/Sed mouse FSa-II cells recurring after a heavy irradiation were examined in vitro. Tumors in the leg were irradiated with gamma-rays and observed for late recurrence (in vivo clones), or removed immediately after irradiation and single cell suspensions were plated for colony formation (in vitro clones). Five subclones were selected from original cells in vitro. Survival curves were fitted to the multi-target and linear quadratic models. Surviving fractions at 2 (SF2) and 10 Gy (SF10) irradiations, and those at 30 and 60 min heatings at 44 degrees C (SF30 and SF60), were obtained for each clone. Although, Tds of subclones were slightly longer than those of the parental cells, those of recurrent clones were prolonged substantially with an exception of one cell line. Radiosensitivities of FSa-II parental cells tested in vitro and in vivo were equally radioresistant. Thermal sensitivities of parental cells tested in vitro and in vivo were also identical. All subclones were more radiosensitive compared to the parental cells. The in vitro recurrent clones showed smaller D0 (radiation dose to reduce survival from S to S/e in the exponential portion of survival curve) than the D0 of the parental cells. The SF2 values of four in vitro recurrent clones were greater than that of the parental cells whereas those of two lines were smaller. It was of interest that the in vivo recurrent tumor cells showed a wide variation in the radiation sensitivity. Among 9 tumor cell lines examined, 4 lines were more sensitive and 4 were more resistant compared to the original. FSa-II subclones as well as both in vitro and in vivo recurrent clones showed a wide variation in thermal sensitivity. No consistent changes in the shoulder or in the slope were found. The SF30 or SF60 showed that 5 out of 9 in vivo recurrent clones and 4 out of 9 in vitro clones were more resistant compared to the original cells. No correlation was observed between thermal and radiation sensitivities. The Td was not related with radiation or thermal sensitivity.     

血脂代谢与胃癌发病风险相关性的病例对照研究

目的:探讨血脂代谢水平与胃癌发生发展的相关性.方法:选取2016年3月至2017年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院诊治的1072例胃癌患者与同期1084例健康人群进行病例-对照研究,检测血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density ...     

腹膜后脂肪肉瘤CT诊断价值的研究

24例经手术确诊且CT检查资料完整的病例中,男10例,女14例。发病年龄45～78岁,平均年龄56岁,中位年龄58.5岁。其中发生于肾周围囊者13例,肾周围囊外11例。单发者22例,多发2例。肿瘤直径>10cm者23例,<10cm者1例。瘤体内含有脂肪组织密度者20例,其中10例呈均匀脂肪密度改变,9例可见脂肪组织与条片状或块状肌肉样组织混合存在,1例以肌肉样改变为主。肿瘤侵犯周围组织器官9例。回顾性分析结果显示,含有脂肪组织密度的巨大腹膜后肿块是诊断本病的可靠征象,CT扫描能准确地判断腹膜后肿瘤的大小、范围、术后复发及周围组织受侵程度等。     

肝细胞癌螺旋CT三期扫描的不典型表现

目的：探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）在螺旋CT三期扫描中的不典型表现,并分析其产生原因。方法：75例HCC患者平扫后行螺旋CT三期增强扫描,注射对比剂后分别于25－30s和65－70s行动脉期和门静脉期扫描,3－5min行延迟期扫描,分析病灶的增强特点。结果：75例共发现92个病灶。60个病灶有典型增强表现,即动脉期呈高密度（均匀或不均匀）,门静脉期迅速变成低密度,延迟期仍呈低密度。32个病灶为不典型表现,其中14个病灶动脉期呈高密度,门静脉期呈等密度,延迟期扫描有10个呈低密度,4个仍呈等密度;8个病灶在动脉期和门静脉期均呈高密度,延迟期有3个呈等密度,5个呈低密度;6个病灶动脉期呈等密度,门静脉期和延迟期呈低密度;4个病灶在动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期中均呈低密度。结论：HCC在螺旋CT三期扫描中有多种不典型表现,病变的血供情况、扫描技术和肝脏生理、病理状态等是产生不典型表现的常见原因。     

骨代谢标志物与多发性骨髓瘤的关系

目的研究骨代谢标志物在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）骨病中的作用。方法对38例MM患者在治疗前、治疗3个月及6个月检测血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b（sTRACP-5b）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（sBAP）、骨钙素（sOC）、尿I型胶原氮端尾肽（uNTX）浓度。结果初治、复发及难治患者尿NTX明显高于健康对照、平台期患者;sTRACP-5b明显高于健康对照,与平台期患者差异无统计学意义;sBAP明显低于健康对照、平台期患者。初治MM、复发及难治、平台期患者和健康对照血清OC之间差异无统计学意义。初治患者uNTX、sBAP与疾病分期相关,Ⅲ期患者uNTX明显高于I、Ⅱ期,呈正相关;sBAP明显低于I、Ⅱ期,呈负相关。初治患者uNTX与sTRACP-5b水平正相关。初治患者治疗3个疗程骨代谢标志物uNTX明显降低,sBAP升高,sTRACP-5b、sOC变化不大;6个疗程有效者uNTX、sTRACP-5b明显降低,sBAP和sOC升高。而治疗6个疗程时X线检查骨质破坏未出现明显改善。结论骨代谢标志物与多发性骨髓瘤骨质破坏密切相关。监测骨代谢标志物可监测疾病进展及治疗疗效。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的特征性影像学表现

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas,SPTP）的CT及MRI特征性影像表现,提高该病的影像诊断符合率。方法:回顾性分析海安市人民医院及复旦大学附属中山医院2014年5月至2017年5月期间23例经病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的影像资料,13例同时行CT和MRI检查,其余10例中5例仅行CT检查,另5例仅行MRI检查。结果:所有病例均为单发,境界清,胰尾11例,胰头6例,胰颈4例,胰体2例;囊实性18例,实性4例,囊性1例;其中12例有出血,9例有钙化;增强扫描肿瘤均为乏血供,增强后实性区呈轻至中度延迟强化,囊性区无强化,均无主胰管扩张。结论:SPTP的CT及MRI影像表现具有一定特征性,对术前临床定性诊断有很大的价值。     

Ultrasound in Chest Disease: 1. Pleura.

Retrospective study of 97 examinations in 60 patients with pleural problems. Seventy-six were for assessment of presence of pleural fluid and localisation of aspiration/drainage sites in 37. Mass lesions studied in eleven and 16 patients were either biopsied or drained by the radiologist under ultrasound control. Examination of two post-pneumonectomy patients revealed tumour recurrence in one and post-surgical fluid residue in another. All fluids were transonic, whereas a fibrin meshwork was found in haemothoraces and empyemas. Microbubbles were specific for pyopneumothoraces while echogenic pus mimicked tumour in one patient. Seven pleural tumours were transonic or echogenic. The tumours were either smooth (metastatic) or irregular (mesothelioma). Two benign fibrous plaques were uniformly echogenic and smooth and were indistinguishable from malignant masses.     

数字化X线定位系统下Mammotome微创活检在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的:探讨数字化俯卧式X线定位系统下Mammotome微创切除不可触及乳腺病灶在乳腺癌早期诊断的临床应用价值。方法:2004年12月~2005年5月,应用LORAD数字化俯卧式穿刺床X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统对67例患者73个临床不可触及乳腺钼靶X线片表现为可疑病灶进行微创切除活检。73个病灶中X线摄片:42例为孤立簇状聚集钙化,27例为不规则致密影并簇状钙化,4例为局部腺体结构扭曲。术前BIRADS评级Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ级分别为51、17和5个。结果:67例患者73个病灶,乳腺癌13个(17.8%),其中4个为乳腺导管内癌,3个导管内癌并早期浸润,6个浸润性导管癌。良性病变60个(82.1%)。13个乳腺癌术后分期:2个为0期,9个为Ⅰ期,2个为ⅡA期,13个中11个为早期乳腺癌(84.6%)。结论:应用LORAD数字化俯卧式X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统微创活检不可触及乳腺X线摄片发现的微小病灶,是一种确诊早期乳腺癌的微创方法。     

Treatment of recurrent cervical cancer

The questionnaire about recurrent cervical cancer of uterus were taken in 57 hospitals and treatments to 370 recurrent cases in National Institute of Radiological Science were studied. Our results were as follows. 1) About 50% of recurrent cases were detected within one year after primary treatments. Local recurrents were superior in cases of surgery as initial treatment, distant metastasis in cases of radiation. 2) Five Y.S.R. of 370 cases was 17.3% that of 105 operation cases as initial treatment was 26.7%. 3) Five Y.S.R. according to the sites of recurrence were 26.5% in vaginal stump, 6.7% in intrapelvis, 2.2% in lung metastasis, 5.5% in bone metastasis. 4) Five Y.S.R. according to the secondary treatments were 30% in operation, 16.4% in radiation, 6.9% in chemotherapy. 5) The principals of combined therapy to recurrent cervical cancer were presented.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤15例临床病理及免疫组化分析

Objective: We studied the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB). Methods: The clinic pathological data and immunohistochemical features of 15 cases with ONB were analyzed ret- rospectively, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: The tumors were all located in the nasal cavity in 15 cases. According to Kadish's staging system, 7 cases were in stage A, 5 cases in stage B, and 3 cases in stage C. The morphological features showed small round or ovoid tumor cells divided into pieces or trabeculae by connective tissues which were rich in capillaries. The tumor cells had round or oval nuclei and fine chromatins and lack of cytoplasma. Flexner rosette and Homer- Wright rosette were found in some cases. Acidophilic fibrins were composed of cytoplasmic projection among tumor cells. All cases were positive for NSE, Syn, CgA, 1 case was positive for Vimentin, 2 cases were positive for S-100, while CKpan, LCA and HMB45 were all negative. Conclusion: ONB is a type of very rare malignant tumors, which could be diagnosed by pathology, and immunohistochemistry is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.     

Tamoxifen treatment failures in hormonally responsive breast cancers. Correlation with steroid receptors

Clinical correlation of treatment response with estrogen (ERP) and progesterone (PgRP) receptors in 81 patients revealed a remission rate of 76% if both receptors were present in the tumor. The response rate was 89% in those patients with positive receptors in whom an endocrine ablative procedure was performed and was 63% in those patients treated with tamoxifen, suggesting that the latter modality may not be effective in the treatment of some hormonally responsive tumors. An assay to determine receptor sensitivity to tamoxifen was developed and correlated with clinical response to tamoxifen treatment. Of the 56 human breast tumors analyzed, 29 tumors were ERP- and PgRP-positive and ten of these were tamoxifen-insensitive. Sixteen tumors were ERP- and PgRP-negative and tamoxifen-insensitive. Of the remaining 11 tumors, four were tamoxifen-sensitive. Nineteen of the 56 patients whose tumors were analyzed were treated for advance breast cancers with tamoxifen. Twelve patients who were ERP- and PgRP-positive and tamoxifen-sensitive responded to this modality of treatment. Seven treatment failures were noted in this group all of whom were ERP-positive and tamoxifen-insensitive. Endocrine ablation failed either prior or subsequently in three of these patients all of whom were PgRP-negative. Two patients who were ERP- and PgRP-positive and tamoxifen-insensitive subsequently responded to an alternative antihormonal treatment.     

前列腺素E2在肩袖损伤中作用的研究

目的探讨前列腺素E2（prostaglandinE2,PGE2）在肩袖损伤中的作用。方法标本分为5组：撕裂组8例,钙化性冈上肌腱炎组11例,新鲜尸体组6例,阳性对照组和阴性对照组各10例。其中前3组为冈上肌腱标本,阳性对照组和阴性对照组为重度骨性关节炎滑膜标本。同时在阴性对照组中将一抗替换为PBS缓冲液。所有标本均采用微波热修复抗原,一抗使用ABCAM公司兔抗人PGE2单克隆抗体,1：100稀释后使用于免疫组化法染色。人工定位所有细胞集中区域,以400倍照相显微镜采集图像,并在图像编号后采用计算机随机数生成软件随机抽取8个编号所对应的高倍视野（×400）图像,用IPP6．0图像处理软件,以除去细胞核外的所有区域为感兴趣区,测量面积和光密度,并计算平均光密度（meanopticaldensity,MOD）以评价PGE,表达量,并对结果进行t检验,其中a=0．05。结果阴性对照组组织细胞质和细胞外基质均呈阴性染色;阳性对照组组织细胞质呈强阳性染色,基质呈弱阳性染色;新鲜尸体组细胞质和基质均呈阴性染色;钙化性冈上肌腱炎组细胞质及基质均呈弱阳性染色;撕裂组细胞质呈强阳性染色,基质呈弱阳性染色。肩袖撕裂组平均光密度为0．3158±0．0204,钙化性冈上肌腱炎组平均光密度为0．0907±0．0160,新鲜尸体组平均光密度为0．0404±0．0096。撕裂组与新鲜尸体组比较,PGE2表达明显增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。钙化性冈上肌腱炎组与新鲜尸体组比较,PGE：表达轻度增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。撕裂组较钙化性冈上肌腱炎组,PGE2显著增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论肩袖损伤患者冈上肌腱中PGE2呈高表达,提示肩袖损伤与PGE2高表达相关。     

Effect of di-isopropanolnitrosamine in European hamsters

The carcinogenic effects of di-isopropanolnitrosamine (DIPN) were tested in hibernating and non-hibernating European hamsters. The results obtained were compared with those produced by the same substance in Syrian golden hamsters and Sprague-Dawley rats. In European hamsters, tumours were produced in the nasal cavity, trachea, lung, liver and pancreas. The main target organs were the anterior part of the nasal cavity and liver. Only cholangiomas and cholangiocarcinomas were found in the liver. Early changes in the intrahepatic bile ducts and duct epithelium of the pancreas were seen 4 weeks after treatment was started. Fourteen out of 144 treated hamsters developed pancreatic-duct tumours, 2 of which were malignant. The tumorigenic response in the target organs was lower in hibernating than in non-hibernating animals.     

Osteoclasts and the resorption of bone by transplanted mammary carcinoma in rats

Rat mammary tumour cells were grafted to parietal bones as an experimental model to study the nature of bone resorption around metastatic carcinomas in the skeleton. After periods of growth of from 6 to 56 days bones and tumours were removed and embedded in epoxy resin. The appearances were compared with those found when whole parathyroid glands were grafted in similar positions. Tumours were evident in all animals at the time of death and some were palpable five days after grafting. In 15 of the 21 animals with tumour, osteoclasts and resorption were found, and in only two of these were the tumour cells not separated from the bone surfaces. In 6 animals killed between 6 and 12 days after grafting there was new bone formation without resorption. There were osteoclasts and resorption under the grafted parathyroid glands which were always separated from the resorbing cells by fibrous tissue. The appearances of the bone surfaces under the tumours and the parathyroid glands suggested that the resorption in both situations was similar, was brought about by the secretion of a locally active agent and mediated by osteoclasts. This is further support for the role of osteoclasts in bone resorption around metastatic carcinomas.     

数字化X线摄影在触诊阴性乳癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨数字化乳腺X线摄影对隐性乳癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2004年2月-2006年12月门诊体检中遇到的32例未触及肿块乳癌。术前均行金属丝定位,并经病理证实。结果X线呈现单纯钙化16例,其中癌前病变3例,导管原位癌6例,浸润性导管癌7例;微结节或致密影伴钙化5例,其中癌前病变1例,导管原位癌2例,浸润性导管癌2例;呈现不对称性致密影5例,1例为小叶原位癌,4例为浸润性导管癌;微结节伴浅分叶或毛刺4例,其中1例为导管原位癌,3例为浸润性导管癌;结构紊乱2例,均为浸润性导管癌。结论数字化乳腺X线摄影对诊断未触及肿块的触诊阴性乳癌、提高患者生存率、降低病死率、以及开展保乳手术具有重大价值。     

Ovarian carcinoma cells in culture: assessment of drug sensitivity by clonogenic assay

Ovarian tumours were cultured by clonogenic assay and drug sensitivity profiles obtained for cis-platinum, adriamycin and phosphoramide mustard. Results were correlated with clinical outcome. Two hundred samples were received from 106 patients and 115/167 with malignant cytology (69%) were cultured successfully. Drug results were obtained on 71 samples and in untreated patients 60% of samples (48% of patients) were markedly sensitive to cis-platinum and 87% of samples (76% of patients) were sensitive to adriamycin. Eighty-one percent of cases sensitive to adriamycin were also sensitive to cis-platinum. Two of 7 samples were sensitive to phosphoramide mustard; the remainder were resistant. Eighty percent of samples from treated patients were resistant in vitro to drugs already received. Seventy-one samples from 57 patients were suitable for drug study. Forty-eight patients received chemotherapy, but only 23 received the drugs tested. Clinical correlations showed that in vitro sensitivity to cis-platinum and adriamycin was related to a good clinical response. No correlations were observed between cis-platinum and adriamycin resistance in vitro and clinical outcome. Unexpected relationships, however, were observed between cis-platinum resistance and failure to respond to other alkylating agents received singly. No such relationship has been demonstrated for adriamycin.     

Cancer incidence in the native peoples of far eastern siberia

Cancer incidence rates were examined in the native peoples of the far north-east of Siberia for the years 1977–1988. Particularly high rates of cancers of the stomach, lung, oesophagus and cervix were observed. For stomach cancer, the male and female age-standardized (to the world population) rates were 103.9 per 100,000 and 50.0 per 100,000 respectively. The corresponding lung cancer rates were 109.4 and 45.7, and for oesophageal cancer 83.9 and 35.0. The age-standardized cervical cancer rate was 38.5 per 100,000. Rates of these cancers were considerably higher than in native Alaskan peoples, although the latter had higher rates of breast and colorectal cancers. The rates were also much higher than those of the migrant peoples from Russia and elsewhere who have settled in the far north-east over the past 3 centuries, particularly at younger ages. Male rates of stomach and lung cancer were highest in the paleo-Asiatic peoples of the north, whereas male oesophageal rates were highest in the Taiga people. In females, rates of stomach and oesophageal cancers were highest in the paleo-Asiatic peoples, and rates of lung cancer were highest in the Taiga nationalities. Cervical cancer rates were highest in the Amuro-Sakhalin nationalities of the south. Further research is needed at individual levels to explain the very high risks and the differences among the ethnic groups.     

乳腺导管内癌超声声像图特征和临床病理的相关性研究

目的：回顾性分析乳腺导管内癌常见超声表现,探讨导管内癌超声图像特征和临床病理的相关性。方法：回顾性分析59例乳腺导管内癌（其中21例伴微浸润）超声检查结果,总结导管内癌常见超声声像图特征。根据病灶超声声像图特征,将全部病例分为超声肿块型和超声非肿块型2大类,研究这两类图像特征与患者钼靶、病理分级及ER、PR、CerbB-2、P53、bcl-2表达的相关性。结果：59例导管内癌（DCIS）超声声像图表现多样,31例（52．5％）为肿块型,28例为非肿块型包括：11例（18．6％）导管扩张型,5例（8．5％）微小结节型,4例（6．8％）片状低弱回声型,2例（3．4％）仅见钙化而无其他图像改变,6例（10．2％）超声未见异常。超声肿块型DCIS通常钼靶也多表现为肿块影（67．7％）,超声非肿块型DCIS钼靶上以钙化为主要表现（64．3％）,组间分布有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。超声肿块型组中,高级别DCIS较少,占38．7％,ER、PR阳性率较高,为83．9％和77．4％;超声非肿块型组中,高级别DCIS较多,占67．9％（P=0．02）,ER、PR阳性率较低,为53．6％（P=0．01）和46．4％（P=0．01）,组间分布均有统计学差异。结论：超声非肿块组DCIS高级别比例和激素受体阴性表达明显高于超声肿块组。DCIS非肿块的超声声像图特征提示肿瘤高级别和激素受体阴性可能性大,间接预示肿瘤分化差、侵袭性强。超声非肿块型可能是DCIS预后不良的指标。     

下肢恶性骨肿瘤切除假体置换的软组织重建

目的 研究下肢恶性骨肿瘤切除、人工假体置换后软组织重建的方法和效果。方法 为32例接受瘤段切除、人工假体置换保肢手术的下肢恶性骨肿瘤患者施行各种形式的软组织重建手术。其中病变位于近侧股骨、远侧股骨、近侧胫骨者分别为6例、19例和7例；骨肉瘤28例，软骨肉瘤3例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。根据病变所在不同部位施行不同形式的软组织重建。结果 32例平均随访36．2个月（22-40个月）。3例局部复发，4例死亡。参照Enneking评分标准，28例关节功能优良。结论 正确的软组织重建手术，保证了关节功能，减少了肿瘤局部复发和切口并发症。软组织重建手术在下肢恶性骨肿瘤切除、假体置换后具有重要意义。     

MSCT下病灶内支气管动脉形态特征对肺部良恶性疾病的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)下病灶内支气管动脉形态特征在肺部良恶性疾病中的诊断价值.方法 选择94例病灶累及肺段及以上的肺部疾病患者,分为对照组(肺部良性疾病患者)28例和肺癌组(肺癌患者)66例.由两位有5年以上工作经验的放射科医师对支气管动脉的特征进行评价,将原始图像进行最大密度投影、容积再现和多平面重组,比较对照组与肺癌组患者支气管动脉形态特征的差异.结果 94例患者中,48例患者可见病灶内支气管动脉,其中对照组患者12例,肺癌组患者36例.对照组病灶内支气管动脉情况如下:血管湖患者0例,迂曲患者9例,成团患者1例,中断患者2例;肺癌组病灶内支气管动脉情况如下:血管湖患者10例,成团患者5例,迂曲患者18例,中断患者3例.对照组患者成团和血管湖征象少于肺癌组.结论 MSCT下病灶内支气管动脉形态特征对肺部良恶性疾病具有一定的诊断价值.