性激素水平变化与HIV感染者机会性感染的关系研究

目的 研究HIV/AIDS患者发生机会性感染体内性激素水平变化的关系.方法 前瞻性研究2019年12月至2021年3月HIV感染机会性感染51例(男性30例女性21例)住院患者为研究对象,同期HIV抗体阴性健康人群60例(男性30例女性30例)为对照组,考虑女性性激素随年龄变化较大,故所有入组女性均选择为30-60岁年龄段.采用放射免疫方法检测性激素六项水平.结果 男性AIDS患者睾酮(T)明显低于对照组,黄体生成激素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)卵泡生成激素(FSH)明显高于对照组.女性AIDS患者孕酮明显低于对照组.结论 HIV感染机会性感染存在性激素水平紊乱风险,其中以男性性激素紊乱更为明显.男性HIV出现机会性感染与性激素T呈现负相关,与LH、PRL、FSH呈现正相关.女性HIV出现机会性感染与性激素P呈现负相关.     

帕罗西汀抗抑郁治疗前后性激素水平变化

目的 研究抑郁症患者垂体促性腺激素及外周性激素的功能状态,探讨抑郁症患者性激素水平治疗前后的变化. 方法 80例抑郁症(男、女各40例)患者给予帕罗西汀抗抑郁治疗,起始剂量10 mg.d-1,根据病情调整到20～40 mg.d-1,疗程8周. 采用化学发光技术测定患者治疗前后血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)、睾丸酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)等激素水平,并与60例(男、女各30例)正常人对照. 结果 女性抑郁症患者治疗前雌二醇水平低于正常对照组,促黄体生成素和睾酮水平高于正常对照组,男性抑郁症患者治疗前睾酮水平低于正常对照组,催乳素水平显著高于正常对照组. 治疗后男性患者PRL、T、E2,女性患者PRL、T等激素分泌改变非常显著. 结论 抑郁症患者性腺轴存在功能失调.     

男性抑郁症患者度洛西汀治疗前后血清性激素水平的变化

目的探讨男性抑郁症患者度洛西汀治疗前后血清性激素水平的变化。方法用化学发光法测定30例男性抑郁症患者治疗前后血清催乳素(PRL),促滤泡成熟激素(FSH),促黄体生成素(LH),睾酮(T),雌二醇(E2)水平,并与30例健康者进行对照。结果抑郁症组T、E2水平较对照组低。度洛西汀治疗4周后患者PRL、T明显升高,E2较治疗前有升高,但仍低于正常,FSH、LH则未见有显著差异。结论男性抑郁症患者存在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴内分泌异常,度洛西汀可引起抑郁症患者部分血清性激素分泌变异。     

某地区2型糖尿病患者性激素水平的变化及意义

目的探讨珠海地区2型糖尿病患者性激素水平变化的意义和特点。方法用化学发光法检测我院48例2型糖尿病患者和51例健康对照组人员血清中的垂体泌乳素(PRL)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(TSTO)、孕酮(PRGE)、雌二醇(E2)的水平,按照血糖水平分组并进行统计分析。结果男性患者的垂体泌乳素(PRL)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)均高于健康对照组,P<0.05;而睾酮(TSTO)低于健康对照组,P<0.01;孕酮(PRGE)的差异没有统计学意义,P>0.05。女性患者的睾酮(TSTO)高于健康对照组,P<0.01;垂体泌乳素(PRL)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)均低于健康对照组,P<0.05;将糖尿病病人的血糖水平分别以≥11.2mmol/L和<11.2mmol/L为标准,分成两组相比,前者睾酮(TSTO)及雌二醇(E2)紊乱的发生率均明显大于后者,P<0.05。结论珠海地区2型糖尿病患者存在性激素水平紊乱,并且血糖水平高的2型糖尿病患者性激素水平异常的发生率更高。提示在2型糖尿病的临床治疗中要关注患者的性激素水平,并对性激素紊乱采取干预措施。     

男性HIV感染者甲状腺功能与性激素水平的研究

目的研究HIV感染的男性患者是否存在甲状腺功能障碍及性激素水平变化,观察甲状腺激素变化与性激素变化之间的关系。方法采用放射免疫法测定研究对象的甲状腺激素及性激素,分析两者间的相关性。结果1．21．23％的患者出现一种或多种甲状腺激素的改变,12．77％的发生亚临床甲减。2．T,E2,LH,FSH改变差异显著（P〈0．05）。3．有甲状腺激素值有变化比甲状腺激素值无变化的患者T下降更明显（P〈0．05）。结论1．HIV感染男性患者存在甲状腺激素的紊乱;2．HIV感染男性患者存在性激素的紊乱;3．存在甲状腺激素的紊乱的HIV感染男性患者性激素紊乱更明显。     

女性自杀与性激素关系的研究

目的 研究女性自杀与体内性激素水平改变的关系.方法 用荧光偏振法测定30例女性自杀患者(试验组)血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(Pro)、睾酮(T)、催乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)等激素水平,并与20例正常人对照.结果 试验组E2明显低于对照组,其他性激素水平2组间差异无显著性.结论 女性自杀可能与体内雌激素水平下降有关系.     

甲状腺激素和性激素对男性生育能力的影响

目的 探讨甲状腺素和性激素对男性生育能力的影响。方法 选取男性不育患者481例。对各组进行精液常规分析和生育力指数计算；检测精子DNA碎片率；采用化学发光法检测甲状腺激素[(游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)]和性激素[黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)]；根据甲状腺激素水平分为低激素水平组(61例)、正常激素水平组(376例)和高激素水平组(44例)。分析甲状腺激素与性激素的相关性及T/E2、T/FSH、T/LH、T/PRL与精液参数、生育力指数的相关性。结果 与正常水平激素组比较，低水平激素组前向运动率降低，高水平激素组前向运动率和生育力指数均降低，而畸形率升高(P<0.05)。患者FT3与PRL水平呈负相关，FT4与FSH、E2水平呈负相关，TSH与PRL水平呈正相关(P<0.05);T/E2与畸形率呈负相关，T/FSH与精子总数、精子浓度、前向运动率、生育力指数呈正相关，而与畸形率呈负相关(P<0.05),T/LH与精子总数、精子浓度呈正相关(P<0....     

体质量指数与不孕症患者性激素六项水平的相关性分析

目的探讨体质量指数(BMI)与不孕症患者性激素六项水平的相关性,为预防不孕症的发生提供理论依据。方法以2018年在太原市中心医院就诊的112例不孕症患者作为研究对象,收集一般人口学特征、身高、体质量等资料,检测患者血清性激素六项水平:促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL),通过双变量相关分析体质量指数与不孕症患者性激素六项水平的相关性。结果 BMI与LH浓度呈负相关(r=-0.317,P<0.05),与其他性激素FSH、E_2、T、P、PRL均无相关性(P均>0.05)。结论本项研究表明体质量指数可能与不孕者性激素LH之间有负相关存在,未来有必要进一步研究以阐明其中潜在的机制。     

男性性功能障碍患者体内性激素水平分析

目的探讨ED患者体内FSH、LH、PRL、T、E2、P六种性激素水平的变化。方法采用化学发光法测定FSH、LH、PRL、T、E2、P六种性激素。结果ED患者体內的FSH、LH、PRL、E2的水平比正常对照组有显著的升高(P<0.01),而T水平比正常对照组有显著的降低,P水平两者变化不明显。结论(1)大多数ED患者可能是由于睾丸存在病变而引起的;(2)E2的增高对睾丸产生雄激素有抑制作用;(3)ED患者存在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能的失调;(4)性激素的测定对于评价男性性功能有着非常重要的意义,尤其是对ED患者的病因诊断和治疗更为重要。     

女性内分泌及免疫紊乱在不孕症中的作用研究

目的研究不孕症妇女血清自身免疫抗体与妇科内分泌激素紊乱的关系。方法用化学发光法检测30例不孕症妇女及40例正常对照组血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、胰岛素(INS)、泌乳素(PRL)水平,用胶体金标记免疫斑点渗滤法检测抗子宫内膜抗体、抗精子抗体、抗心磷脂抗体、抗卵巢抗体和抗绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体。结果自身免疫抗体阳性组(6例)E2水平显著低于抗体阴性组,而LH、FSH、T、INS、PRL水平显著高于抗体阴性组(24例)(P<0.05)。女性内分泌失调患者免疫抗体阳性发生率增高(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论女性内分泌及免疫紊乱是引起不孕的重要病因,免疫抗体可直接引起不孕症,还可通过引起女性内分泌激素水平改变而导致不孕。本结果为女性不孕症的诊治提供重要理论依据及临床指导。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.