咽鼓管测压对儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效评估的价值

目的 探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)治疗前后咽鼓管测压(tubomanometry,TMM)对预测OME预后的价值.方法 66例(98耳)OME患儿(中耳炎组,其中单耳34例,双耳32例)分别在治疗前及正规药物治疗后1月内进行声导抗和TMM测试,记录鼓室导抗图类型及咽鼓管评分(eustachian tube scores,ETS)值,并比较二者之间关系,以单耳患者的正常耳(34耳)作为正常对照组.结果 治疗前,中耳炎组ETS平均值(2.27±1.98分)低于正常对照组(5.14±0.98分)(P＜0.01),鼓室导抗图B型耳的ETS平均值(1.70±1.68分)低于C型耳(3.02±2.11分)(P＜0.01).治疗后中耳炎组ETS平均值(3.62±1.85分)显著高于治疗前(P＜0.05),但治疗后鼓室导抗图B型耳的ETS平均值(3.58±1.69分)与C型耳(3.98±1.45分)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),B型耳的ETS提高值(1.84±1.7分)高于C型耳(0.72±0.03分)(P＜0.05).无论B型耳还是C型耳,有效组治疗前后ETS平均值及治疗前后ETS差值均高于无效组(P＜0.01).结论 儿童分泌性中耳炎患耳治疗后ETS值提高,咽鼓管功能改善;治疗前鼓室导抗图B型耳的ETS值较C型耳低,治疗后B型耳的ETS提高值高于C型耳;TMM可为临床评估儿童OME预后提供一定参考.     

婴儿分泌性中耳炎的听力学结果分析

目的 探讨226、1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试和气-骨导听性脑干反应（ABR）以及畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）在诊断低月龄婴儿分泌性中耳炎（OME）中的作用。方法 回顾性分析年龄为1～6个月的119例（192耳）中耳积液患儿（异常组）和66例（132耳）正常婴儿（正常组）的226、1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试和气-骨导ABR,以及DPOAE检测结果。结果 （1）OME婴儿,1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗异常图形（As型、B型、C型）有189耳（98.44%）,226 Hz鼓室声导抗异常图形（As型、B型、C型）有135耳（70.31%）;(2)OME婴儿ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期延长179耳（93.23%）,ABR波Ⅴ反应阈中度异常69耳（35.94%）、轻度异常97耳（50.52%）、阈值正常26耳（13.54%）,骨导ABR阈值正常164耳（85.42%）,阈值轻度异常28耳（14.58%）,气-骨导ABR阈值差值变大162耳（84.37%）;(3)OME婴儿DPOAE未引出151耳（78.65%）。结论 1 000 Hz声导抗异常、气-骨导ABR阈值差变大、ABR波I潜伏期延长和气导AB...     

婴儿1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试结果分析

目的 探讨婴儿1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试结果的分型及各型对婴儿中耳功能的评估价值.方法 对89例(178耳)年龄4～26周的婴儿分别行226、1 000 Hz探测音声导抗、ABR及DPOAE测试,并对1 000Hz探测音鼓室导抗图结果分型;分别比较各型的226 Hz探测音声导纳峰值压力、静态声导纳、鼓室导抗图宽度、ABR的波Ⅰ潜伏期、反应阈及DPOAE的通过率.结果 ①178耳根据1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图分为正峰型(Ⅰ组)89耳、平坦型(Ⅱ组)64耳、其它型(Ⅲ组)25耳;②Ⅰ组的ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期(1.2±0.1 ms)、反应阈(21±6dB nHL)均正常,DPOAE通过率为100%;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的ABR的波Ⅰ潜伏期较Ⅰ组延长,分别为1.8±0.4、1.3±0.2 ms,反应阈分别为36±13、25±8 dB nHL,两组中波Ⅰ潜伏期和反应阈均正常者分别为4.69%(3/64)和40.0%(10/25),DPOAE的通过率分别为3.1%和44.0%;③226 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图峰值压力Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),在Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组间、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);226 Hz探测音静态声导纳、鼓室导抗图宽度及分型在三组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 婴儿的1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图正峰型为正常,平坦型及其它型为异常,且鼓室导抗图为平坦型时中耳功能最差.1 000 Hz探测音声导抗测试对婴儿中耳功能的诊断价值比ABR的波Ⅰ潜伏期和耳声发射的敏感性更高.226 Hz探测音声导抗测试不适用于判断婴儿中耳功能状态.     

AABR筛查通过的低月龄婴儿耳声发射和1000Hz声导抗检测结果分析

目的分析自动听性脑干反应(AABR)筛查通过的低月龄婴儿的耳声发射和1 000Hz声导抗测试的结果,探讨两者联合应用评估低月龄婴儿中耳功能的价值。方法对68例136耳AABR听力筛查通过的0～6月龄婴儿行TEOAE、DPOAE、1 000Hz声导抗测试,并对结果进行分析。结果①68例136耳中,TEOAE通过89耳(65.44%),DPOAE通过90耳(66.18%),1 000Hz声导抗检查中鼓室导抗图为A型74耳,D型22耳,As型15耳,B型16耳,C型4耳,其他型5耳;②在A型和D型鼓室导抗图婴儿中,DPOAE和TEOAE通过率无明显差异(P>0.05),鼓室导抗图异常的婴儿中,DPOAE通过率低于TEOAE(P<0.05);③随着月龄的增大,TEOAE通过率有下降趋势,DPOAE通过率与正常鼓室导抗图比例在1～3月龄较低。结论部分AABR听力筛查通过的婴儿存在中耳功能异常,DPOAE对中耳病变的检出优于TEOAE;1 000Hz声导抗联合DPOAE检测对低月龄婴儿的中耳功能评估有重要的参考价值。     

听力学检查对儿童急性非化脓性中耳炎诊断的意义

目的：探讨声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）和听性脑干反应（ABR）测试在儿童急性非化脓性中耳炎诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析182例急性非化脓性中耳炎患儿的临床资料，比较218耳有症状耳与146耳无症状耳的声导抗、DPOAE及ABR结果。结果有症状耳鼓室导抗图、DPOAE、ABR 异常的检出率分别为64．7％、72．0％、57．8％，明显高于无症状耳的41．8％、39．7％、35．6％，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0．05）；有症状耳至少一项结果异常者高达196耳（89．9％），高于无症状耳（90耳，61．6％），差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；有症状耳鼓室导抗图为B型或C型者占60．6％，无症状耳鼓室导抗图为B型或C型者占41．8％。结论儿童急性非化脓性中耳炎的诊断不仅根据症状和体征，还应结合声导抗、DPOAE和ABR等检查综合考虑，尤其是对于无症状耳可减少误诊和漏诊。     

鼓室导抗图与颞骨 CT 对分泌性中耳炎的诊断价值比较

目的分析鼓室导抗图和颞骨CT检查对分泌性中耳炎鼓室积液的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析150例（260耳）慢性分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料,以术中发现鼓室积液为金标准,分别计算各种类型异常鼓室导抗图和颞骨CT对分泌性中耳炎的诊断符合率。结果 B、C、As型鼓室导抗图对分泌性中耳炎中耳积液的诊断符合率分别为94．52％（138/146耳）、86．49％（64/74耳）、80．0％（4/5耳）,异常鼓室导抗图综合诊断符合率为91．56％（206/225耳）,而颞骨C T的诊断符合率为99．15％（117/118耳）,高于异常鼓室导抗图的综合诊断符合率,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论颞骨CT和鼓室导抗图检查在分泌性中耳炎诊断中的价值均很高,在出现非B型鼓室导抗图时,前者可作为后者的补充。     

DPOAE异常ABR反应阈正常的婴儿声导抗结果分析

目的分析DPOAE异常ABR反应阈正常婴儿声导抗特征。方法研究对象为34例(52耳)婴儿(研究组),年龄42天～10个月,男20例(33耳),女14例(19耳),均为外院听力筛查未通过,转诊后经听性脑干反应(ABR)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、声导抗(226和1 000Hz探测音)测试,表现为DPOAE全频异常、ABR反应阈正常。选取同期接受检查且DPOAE及ABR反应阈均正常的婴儿26例(52耳)作为对照组,年龄42天～10个月,男16例(32耳),女10例(20耳),对比分析两组对象的声导抗特征。结果对照组226Hz鼓室导抗图48耳为单峰,4耳为双峰;1 000Hz鼓室导抗图50耳为单峰,2耳为双峰。根据ABR检测结果将研究组分为三组:第一组24耳ABR反应阈及各波潜伏期均正常,226Hz鼓室导抗图21耳为A型,3耳为双峰,1 000Hz鼓室导抗图18耳为单峰,6耳为双峰,其负尾部补偿导纳(ComY-400)值为0.84±0.36,低于对照组(2.66±0.52)(P<0.05);第二组23耳ABR波I潜伏期延长,波III、V潜伏期延长或不延长,226Hz鼓室导抗图18耳为A型,2耳为B型,3耳为双峰,1 000Hz鼓室导抗图15耳为单峰,2耳为双峰,2耳为无峰,4耳为其他型,其ComY-400值为0.54±0.37,低于对照组(2.66±0.52)(P<0.05);第三组5耳仅ABR波V潜伏期延长,226Hz及1 000Hz鼓室导抗图均表现为单峰。结论 DPOAE异常而ABR反应阈正常的婴儿可表现为ABR各波潜伏期正常或异常,l 000Hz探测音鼓室导抗图表现为负尾部补偿导纳值低于正常婴儿,提示其中耳功能异常可能是导致DPOAE异常的主要原因。     

检测婴儿中耳炎的听力学方法敏感性比较

目的 探讨常规听力学检查中婴儿中耳炎诊断相关的的敏感因素.方法 研究对象为听力筛杳未通过的婴儿48例(96耳),男31例,女17例;年龄1.5～12个月(平均4.3个月).所有受试者均接受了颞骨CT薄层扫描和常规听力学测试.听力学检查包括气导和骨导听性脑干反应(ABR)、40 Hz-听觉相关电位(40 Hz-auditory event related potential,40 Hz-AERP)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、声反射及226 Hz、1000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗.统计软件采用SPSS14.0标准统计软件包.以颞骨CT结果作为诊断的依据,与以下9项因素进行Kappa一致性栓验、单因素X2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析.分析因素包括:226 Hz及1000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗、ABR气导反应阈值、ABR骨气导反应阈值差值、ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期、ABR Ⅰ～Ⅴ波间期、40 Hz-AERP反应阈值、DPOAE反应幅值及声反射阈值.结果 96耳中,CT确诊中耳炎77耳,中耳正常19耳.以颞骨CT扫描结果作为金标准,Kappa-致性检验表明,1000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试、ABR气导反应阈值、ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期、40 Hz-AERP反应阈值和DPOAE与颞骨CT具有较好一致性(Kappa值均＞0.04,P值均＜0.001).单因素分析提示,有7个因素与婴儿中耳功能有关(P值均＜0.001):1000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗、声反射阈值、ABR气导反应阈值、ABR气骨导反应阈值差值、ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期、40 Hz-AERP反应阈值和DPOAE.Logistic回归分析显示,1000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗(P＜0.001)和40 Hz-AERP反应阈值(P=0.004)可以列入Logistic回归方程.结论 1000 Hz鼓室声导抗可作为婴儿中耳炎检出的敏感因素,ABR气导反应阈值、ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期、40 Hz-AERP反应阈值和DPOAE可较好地反映婴儿的中耳功能.     

腺样体肥大儿童的中耳功能评估

目的探讨腺样体肥大对儿童中耳功能的影响。方法回顾性分析272例（544耳）腺样体肥大患儿的临床资料,患儿年龄2～12岁,平均6．3岁,分为主诉无听力下降组（A组）94例（188耳）和主诉有听力下降组（B组）178例（356耳）,均于腺样体摘除术前行鼓膜镜、声导抗和中耳CT检查。结果CT显示272例（544耳）中有鼓室积液209例（396耳）（72．79％,396／544）,其中,A组37例（65耳）,占34．57％（65／188）,B组172例（331耳）,占92．98％（331／356）,以上均经手术证实鼓室有积液;两组中B型鼓室导抗图377耳,其中,经CT及手术证实鼓室有积液的共373耳（98．94％,373／377）,其中A组61耳（93．85％,61／65）,B组312耳（100％,312／312）,B组B型鼓室图对中耳积液的阳性预测值高于A组（P〈0．01）;C型鼓室导抗图73耳中,峰压值小于-200daPa的14耳及镫骨肌反射未引出的51耳中23耳经CT及手术证实鼓室有积液,镫骨肌反射可引出的22耳鼓室均无积液。CT发现B组有2例（4耳）前庭水管扩大和1例（2耳）耳蜗畸形。结论对于腺样体肥大儿童．B型鼓事导抗图对中耳积液的预测值高,C型鼓室导抗图峰压值负于-200daPa不排除鼓室积液,应以CT作最终确认。     

DPOAE未通过新生儿声导抗与耳镜检查结果分析

目的通过对DPOAE未通过新生儿,用226Hz及1000Hz不同探测音声导抗与耳镜检查的结果分析,探讨不同探测音声导抗在评价新生儿中耳功能中的应用价值。方法随机抽取DPOAE未通过的新生儿71例(120耳),分别进行226Hz、1000Hz探测音的声导抗检查,绘制鼓室导抗图,同时对该120耳行硬性耳内镜检查,对其结果进行比较分析。结果 120耳中硬性耳内镜检查正常79耳,异常41耳,异常率为34.17%,行226Hz探测音声导抗,鼓室导抗图正常图形104耳,异常图形16耳,异常比率13.33%,行1000Hz探测音声导抗,鼓室导抗图正常图形73耳,异常图形47耳,异常比率为39.17%,比较耳内镜异常率与226Hz探测音声导抗图形异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),耳内镜异常率与1000Hz探测音声导抗图形异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在新生儿中,高频探测音与耳内镜检查的相关性更大,1000Hz探测音对中耳疾病的诊断更敏感。     

以耳部症状首发、合并鼻咽占位的肉芽肿性多血管炎1例并文献复习

目的 探讨1例临床少见的以耳部症状首发、合并鼻咽部占位的肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)的临床特征、实验室检查、病理表现及诊疗过程。方法 回顾性分析患者的病例资料,总结病例特点并回顾国内外GPA相关文献。结果 患者以中耳炎、迷路炎症状为首发表现,合并鼻咽部占位,病程中逐渐出现面瘫,三叉神经刺激症状加重。多次留取耳及鼻咽部活检示急慢性炎症细胞浸润。升级抗生素,同时为避免中耳炎侵犯岩骨及颅内行乳突开放术。中耳局部炎症改善后其耳痛、面瘫等仍不缓解,但激素治疗有效,遂进一步完善自免病相关检查并再次行鼻咽部活检,最终确诊为GPA,予激素及免疫抑制剂治疗得以控制症状。术后3个月暂无显著肺部及肾脏受累表现。结论 临床上发现不典型的中耳炎或常规治疗反复不愈,且逐渐进展出现内耳、颅神经侵犯表现如眩晕发作、面神经麻痹等,同时激素治疗有效,且合并鼻咽部占位、鼻窦炎影像学表现,或累及其他器官如肺、肾脏时,均应考虑到GPA的可能。当反复留取病理活检未能取得特异性确诊依据时,动态监测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、红细胞沉降率、尿潜血、胸部CT、血肌酐等也具有重要的提示意义。     

Decreased miRNA-320e correlates with allergy in children with otitis media with effusion

ObjectiveOtitis media with effusion (OME) is a common childhood disease and the main cause of conductive hearing loss in this age group. Many factors predispose to OME but allergy is still widely disputed. The answer may lay in the molecular mechanisms of ear exudate formation and the recent studies showed miRNAs might take part in it. MiRNAs are also potent regulators of allergic response. As miRNAs are present in the middle ear, we hypothesized their expression differs between allergic and non-allergic patients and reflects the difference in pathomechanism of effusion formation between these two groups.Materials and methodsThis study aimed to establish the expression of 5 different miRNAs (miR-223-3p, miR-451a, miR-16-5p, miR-320e, miR-25-3p) in ear exudates in children diagnosed with OME. The allergy group consisted of 18 patients whereas the non-allergic group had 36 patients. MicroRNA was isolated from the middle ear fluid collected during myringotomy and transcribed into cDNA. MiRNA expression was measured with TaqMan™ MicroRNA Assays and analyzed with DataAssist software. The comparative CT method was used for calculating the relative quantification of gene expression based on the endogenous control gene expression (U6 snRNA-001973).ResultsMiR-320e expression was significantly decreased in allergic children with OME. Other studied miRNAs also showed reduced expression in allergic children, but the decrease was not significant.ConclusionsMiRNA expression differs between children with and without allergy in the course of OME, but further studies are needed to explain the exact role of miR-320e and its target genes in OME pathology in allergic patients.     

Experience with vertical partial laryngectomy with special reference to laryngeal reconstruction with cervical fascia

In this paper we report our experience of vertical partial laryngectomy using the superficial cervical fascia; we describe the technique and present the functional and oncological results of this method of treatment. A total of 42 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal folds, in stage T(1) (n = 28) or T(2) (n = 14), were treated in our department using vertical partial laryngectomy during the decade 1987-1997. Nine patients had post-operative radiotherapy. The shortest follow-up time was three years. There were six recurrences in all, four in the larynx and two in the neck. All four of the laryngeal recurrences were treated with total laryngectomy and are doing well. Both the patients with neck metastases, who were treated with neck dissection, died. Permanent tracheotomy was necessary in one patient. There were no problems with aspiration. The recurrence rate was 14 per cent, the three-year survival index was 95.2 per cent and the three-year larynx preservation index was 90 per cent. According to our experience, vertical partial laryngectomy, using the method we describe, has a good functional and oncological result for stage T(1) and T(2) tumours.     

Cytokines in children with otitis media with effusion

We assayed 38 middle ear effusions from 23 children aged 4–13 years (mean 7) undergoing tympanostomy tube placements. All fluid was assayed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-8, and IL-10. Cytokine concentrations were measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Detectable levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 were found in all of the effusions. TNF-α was detected in 18 of the middle ear effusions (47.4%). The mean concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 was, respectively, 0.423 ± 1.39, 30.58 ± 68.7, 7001.9 ± 6743, and 56 ± 58.7 pg/ml. There was a strong, statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β (r = 0.87, P = 0.001) and between IL-1β and IL-8 (r = 0.53, P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the concentrations of IL-10 and other cytokines examined or between tympanic membrane pathology and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, or IL-10. The presence of IL-10 in middle ear effusions may be one of the causes of a lack of clinical features of acute inflammation and may lead to a chronic inflammatory state. Received: 25 August 1999 / Accepted: 5 January 2000     

Polymyositis with dysphagia treated with endoscopic balloon dilatation

Polymyositis is characterized by non-specific inflammatory disease associated with an autoimmune disorder involving muscles of the limbs and neck. We report a case of an 80-year-old man who was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of dysphagia and muscle weakness in all four limbs. The patient was diagnosed with polymyositis based on pathological findings, muscle weakness, electromyogram findings, and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level. The patient was also positive for HLA-DR3. Intravenous predonine administration was initiated, but dysphagia was not improved. We considered a cricopharyngeal myotomy, but this could not be performed because of heart failure. Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed and dysphagia improved on the same day. Therefore, we suggest that this method is a safe and effective approach for polymyositis with dysphagia.     

Otoacoustic emissions in children with otitis media with effusion

OBJECTIVES: Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are transmitted from the cochlea to the ear canal via the middle ear and the transmission properties of the middle ear directly influence OAE characteristics. The purpose of this study was to establish the mechanisms of changes occurred in middle ear by tympanometric, audiometric and OAE examination. METHODS: Audiometric and tympanometric examination were performed and otoacoustic emissions were recorded from 22 normal ears and 52 ears with middle ear effusions and repeated 3 months later. RESULTS: Results of the air conduction in study group were significantly different from the control group and we found significant recovery in 3 months. When we analysed the DPOAE evaluation results in our study, some of the DPOAE parameters were found to be different between the control and the study group at low frequencies. Changes in the amplitude, especially at low frequencies, were statistically significant after 3 months. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that measurement of otoacoustic emissions, especially distortion product otoacoustic emissions, is helpful in evaluating the condition of middle ear during the treatment.