American gastroenterological association institute medical position statement on the use of gastrointestinal medications in pregnancy

This document presents the official recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute on "Use of Gastrointestinal Medications in Pregnancy." It was approved by the Clinical Practice and Economics Committee on February 22, 2006, and by the AGA Institute Governing Board on April 20, 2006.     

AGA technical review on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. American Gastroenterological Association

This literature review and the recommendations therein were prepared for the American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice and Practice Economics Committee. The paper was approved by the Committee in March 1999 and by the AGA Governing Board in May 1999.     

American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis

This document presents the official recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) on Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroparesis. It was approved by the Clinical Practice Committee on May 16, 2004, and by the AGA Governing Board on September 23, 2004.     

American gastroenterological association medical position statement on treatment of patients with dysphagia caused by benign disorders of the distal esophagus.

This document presents the official recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) on treatment of patients with dysphagia caused by benign disorders of the distal espophagus. It was approved by the Clinical Practice and Practice Economics Committee on September 27, 1998, and by the AGA Governing Board on November 8, 1998.     

Early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Definition,diagnosis, and prognosis

Early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas may be defined as tumors limited to the duct epithelium without invasion to the parenchyma. The majority of these tumors are less than 1 cm in diameter. The patient's symptoms and laboratory studies provide only limited assistance in the screening of small pancreatic carcinomas. Ultrasound (US), because of its ease of use and accuracy, is best suited as a screening procedure for small pancreatic carcinomas. Computed tomography (CT) is also valuable for such screening. When US and CT findings suggest the presence of small pancreatic carcinomas, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) should be employed; these latter two modalities can show very small tumors. Our follow up of patients with pancreatic ductal adeno-carcinoma in whom the tumor was resected showed that survial depended on tumor size. The postoperative 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients with tumors less than 1 cm in diameter was 100%.     

American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids

This document presents the official recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) on Hemorrhoids. It was approved by the Clinical Practice Committee on January 8, 2004, and by the AGA Governing Board on February 13, 2004.     

American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: parenteral nutrition

This document presents the official recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) on Parenteral Nutrition. It was approved by the Clinical Practice and Practice Committee on April 13, 2001 and by the AGA Governing Board on May 18, 2001.     

Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and treatment with a view to the future

Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) is a lethal disease with a poor 5‐year survival. Systemic treatments can be used to control symptoms and prolong life. Cytotoxic chemotherapies are commonly administered, with combination treatments, such as fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) or nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine showing the largest clinical benefits. Newer genomic classifications of PDAC may provide a rationale for targeted therapies or immunotherapies, although at present these remain largely experimental. This review discusses the evidence behind the currently used regimens, while introducing the potential future of pancreatic cancer care.     

American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Irritable bowel syndrome

The following guidelines were developed to assist the physician in the diagnosis and management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). They emanate from a comprehensive review of the medical literature pertaining to IBS.¹ The IBS is a combination of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities, which is attributed to the intestines and associated with symptoms of pain and disturbed defecation and/or symptoms of bloatedness and distension.GASTROENTEROLOGY 1997;112:2118-2119     

Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND:The association between gastric and pancreatic carcinoma is a relatively rare condition.In gastric carcinoma patients,the prevalence of second tumors varies 2.8% to 6.8% according to the reported statistics.Gastric cancer associated with pancreatic cancer is uncommon.METHODS:We report a case of a 73-year-old patient hospitalized for vomiting and weight loss.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated an ulcerative lesion of the gastric antrum.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance showed a gastri...     

Microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) incidence and related-deaths are increasing worldwide. PDAC is characterized by poor prognosis due to late diagnosis, high metastatic capacity and resistance to therapy. This is partially due to its specific microenvironment, where the stroma is prominent over tumor cells. Besides the oral and gut microbiota, the intratumor microbiome, i.e. the bacterial and fungal microorganisms present within the tumor, was recently introduced as a new partner of the tumor microenvironment of PDAC modulating pancreatic carcinogenesis, intratumor immune infiltrates, and response to chemotherapy. In this review, we propose an overview of current knowledge about the roles of bacteria and fungi in PDAC development and biology, and discuss potential therapeutic implications.