癃闭欣通颗粒治疗大鼠急性细菌性前列腺炎的实验研究

目的观察癃闭欣通颗粒对大鼠急性细菌性前列腺炎模型的影响。方法采用向大鼠前列腺内注射大肠杆菌造成急性细菌性前列腺炎模型,观察大鼠排尿量、前列腺液细菌数、前列腺液白细胞数、卵磷质小体密度及前列腺的病理学改变。结果癃闭欣通颗粒治疗后的模型大鼠排尿量增加,可以抑制其前列腺液内细菌增长,显著抑制前列腺液白细胞升高和卵磷质小体密度降低,同时也有一定的抑制前列腺组织间质性炎细胞浸润病理改变作用。结论癃闭欣通颗粒对大鼠急性细菌性前列腺炎模型具有一定的治疗作用。     

依替米星对斑马鱼细菌感染过程中中性粒细胞增殖及功能的影响

目的 中性粒细胞作为机体对抗细菌感染时的第一道免疫防线，发挥了重要的防御功能。本文探索依替米星在治疗斑马鱼感染过程中，对中性粒细胞增殖和功能的影响。方法 采用斑马鱼胚胎心包腔内注射方法，考察不同细菌负载量对斑马鱼生存率的影响，建立感染模型；通过考察斑马鱼生存率及体内细菌清除情况，确定依替米星的体内治疗浓度；将表达红色荧光蛋白的大肠埃希菌与绿色荧光标记中性粒细胞的转基因斑马鱼Tg(mpx:GFP)结合，通过苏丹黑染色观察中性粒细胞的颗粒，通过多色荧光成像和细胞计数观察细菌与中性粒细胞的动态变化，并统计分析依替米星对中性粒细胞的增殖、趋化及脱颗粒的影响。结果 通过心包腔注射大肠埃希菌1000 CFU/胚胎，建立斑马鱼感染模型；确定依替米星治疗浓度为4 mmol/L，该浓度下感染斑马鱼24 hpi的生存率显著提高，体内的活菌数及细菌荧光强度显著降低，趋化因子IL-8转录水平是感染组的1/3，心包腔部位中性粒细胞“+++”等级的斑马鱼占比是感染组的1/4，体内总中性粒细胞数量和脱颗粒比例占比略有下降，但不显著。结论依替米星在斑马鱼感染过程中，可有效清除心包腔部位的细菌，提高斑马鱼生存率，并且显...     

前愈汤对慢性前列腺炎大鼠锌含量的影响

目的探讨前愈汤通过调节锌水平治疗慢性前列腺炎的作用及其机制,为进一步研究开发出治疗慢性前列腺炎的中药新制剂提供实验依据.方法用大肠杆菌和角叉菜胶分别建立大鼠慢性细菌性前列腺炎(CBP)和非细菌性前列腺炎病理模型,分别用前愈汤剂进行治疗,观察对两种病理模型的影响,利用原子吸收光谱仪检测大鼠前列腺锌含量.结果前愈汤剂治疗组前列腺组织锌含量为(199.8±34.2)μg·g-1(湿重);CBP模型组前列腺组织锌含量为(8.1±14.0)μg·g-1(湿重),与CBP模型组相比,两组差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论前愈汤剂能显著提高慢性细菌性前列腺炎大鼠前列腺锌含量;结合病理组织学观察,前愈汤剂具有减轻病变前列腺间质炎症反应及促进病损修复作用,通过调节前列腺组织锌含量的作用治疗慢性前列腺炎与其抗菌机制有关.     

通窍导浊颗粒治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的实验研究

目的研究通窍导浊颗粒治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的疗效及作用机理.方法通过体外抑菌实验、对大鼠细菌性前列腺炎模型影响的研究,观察通窍导浊颗粒在抑菌、抗炎方面的作用.结果体外研究表明,通窍导浊颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌作用.动物试验表明,通窍导浊颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌所致大鼠细菌性前列腺炎有治疗作用.结论通窍导浊颗粒具有抑菌、抗炎的作用,为本品用于慢性细菌性前列腺炎治疗提供了实验依据.     

第三讲社区常见疾病第三章外科常见疾病

细菌性肝脓肿是细菌侵入肝脏引起的肝内化脓性感染。多继发于胆道感染，其次是由门静脉、肝动脉或由肝脏破损处直接侵入肝脏。致病菌多为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、厌氧链球菌、类杆菌属等。严重者并发脓毒症或向邻近组织器官侵袭、穿破引起严重并发症，为本病主要死因。     

前列舒痛胶囊对大鼠前列腺炎的治疗作用

目的观察前列舒痛胶囊对非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎的治疗作用及其作用机制。方法采用1%角叉菜胶生理盐水致大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎模型,观察前列舒痛胶囊对前列腺液中白细胞数、卵磷脂小体密度及腺体组织病理学改变的影响;利用耳廓微循环试验观察前列舒痛胶囊对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。结果前列舒痛胶囊12,6和3g(以公斤体质量生药计)明显降低角叉菜胶所致急性前列腺炎大鼠前列腺液中的白细胞数,升高卵磷脂小体密度,减轻大鼠前列腺间质炎细胞浸润和水肿;前列舒痛胶囊16和8g有明显改善小鼠耳廓微循环的作用。结论前列舒痛胶囊可用于治疗急、慢性前列腺炎。     

前愈煎剂对慢性前列腺炎大鼠局部免疫功能的影响

目的探讨前愈煎剂治疗慢性前列腺炎的疗效与作用机制。方法用大肠埃希菌和角叉菜胶分别建立大鼠慢性细菌性前列腺炎（CBP）和非细菌性前列腺炎病理模型，分别用前愈煎剂和前列泰片进行对照治疗，观察以上两种药物对两种慢性前列腺炎模型局部免疫功能的影响，分别利用免疫放射法和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测大鼠前列腺分泌型免疫球蛋白（SIgA）和白细胞介素8（IL-8）水平。结果CBP模型前愈治疗组与CBP模型对照组比较，SIgA和IL-8水平均差异有显著性（均P〈0．05）；前愈煎剂治疗非细菌性前列腺炎模型组与非细菌性前列腺炎模型组比较，SIgA和IL-8水平均差异有显著性（均P〈0．05）。结论前愈煎剂能显著调节慢性前列腺炎大鼠前列腺局部免疫功能，减轻病变前列腺间质炎症反应，促进病损修复作用，调节前列腺局部免疫功能的作用与其治疗慢性前列腺炎的作用机制有关。     

盐酸特拉唑嗪对细菌性前列腺炎模型大鼠血浆中左氧氟沙星浓度的影响

目的:研究盐酸特拉唑嗪对细菌性前列腺炎模型大鼠血浆中左氧氟沙星浓度的影响,并探讨二者协同作用机制。方法:取大鼠建立细菌性前列腺炎模型,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组60只,实验组大鼠灌服盐酸特拉唑嗪溶液(0.44mg·kg-1),对照组同时灌服溶媒,12h后重复1次并立即给2组大鼠静脉注射左氧氟沙星溶液(44mg·kg-1),分别于注射给药后1、3、7.5、15、30、60、120、240、480、720min断头取血,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中左氧氟沙星血药浓度。结果:与对照组比较,实验组大鼠血浆中左氧氟沙星浓度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸特拉唑嗪对细菌性前列腺炎模型大鼠血浆中左氧氟沙星的浓度无明显影响,前者不是通过增加后者的血药浓度,而可能是通过增加后者在组织中的浓度来提高治疗前列腺炎的效果。     

细菌性前列腺炎的药物治疗及药物剂型

前列腺炎是泌尿外科门诊最常见的疾病之一 ,临床分为细菌性前列腺炎 (ＢＰ)与非细菌性前列腺炎 ,ＢＰ又包括急性细菌性前列腺炎 (ＡＢＰ)和慢性细菌性前列腺炎 (ＣＢＰ)。ＢＰ的治疗难点在于很多抗菌药物不能在前列腺组织及细胞内达到有效治疗浓度 ,因而影响了治疗效果 ,给临床治疗带来了一定困难。1　ＢＰ的发病率和致病菌前列腺炎大多为非细菌性前列腺炎 ,确诊的ＢＰ发病率不足 1 0 %。因此 ,正确区分ＢＰ与非细菌性前列腺炎在临床治疗中尤为重要。通过对患者的前列腺液 (ＥＰＳ)培养检查 ,发现导致ＢＰ的病原体主要是大肠埃希菌 ,其次为粪球菌、表皮葡萄球菌[1 ] ,以及衣原体、支原体菌属、淋病双球菌、结核杆菌、真菌和滴虫等致病微生物。现广泛认为 ,Ｇ-细菌是ＢＰ的主要病原菌 ,Ｇ 细菌 (特别是葡萄球菌 )仅是一种牵连感染。2　前列腺组织结构对药物分布的影响前列腺由一层致密坚韧的被膜包裹 ,被膜由坚韧的结缔组织和平滑肌组成 ,其外还有一层前列腺筋膜。前列腺周围的腺组织以尿道为中心 ,汇成导管后开口于尿道前列腺部。抗菌药先通过被膜和腺泡间质 ,然后再通过跨膜转运进入腺泡。被膜、间质等结构形成一道药物难以进入的解剖屏障...     

圆锥铁线莲醇提物治疗大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎的实验研究

目的评价圆锥铁线莲醇提物对实验性大鼠急、慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的药效。方法分别采用前列腺腹叶注入角叉菜胶溶液和侧叶注入消痔灵注射液,建立大鼠急、慢性非细菌性前列腺炎模型,并以前列腺液中白细胞总数和卵磷脂小体密度,前列腺指数,前列腺组织病理变化作为圆锥铁线莲醇提物的药效评价指标。结果圆锥铁线莲醇提物呈剂量依赖性的升高治疗组前列腺液中卵磷脂小体密度,降低前列腺指数和前列腺液中白细胞数,同时减轻病理切片中前列腺组织炎症细胞浸润与损伤程度。结论圆锥铁线莲对大鼠急、慢性非细菌性前列腺炎均有较好疗效。     

The role of unusual pathogens in prostatitis syndrome

A total of 1442 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis were examined over a 4-year period at the Outpatient Department for Urogenital Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, Croatia. An infectious aetiology was determined in 1070 (74.2%) patients. In 561 of 1070 (52.4%) patients the inflammatory finding (>10 WBC/hpf) was found in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) or voided bladder urine (VB(3)). Normal, <10 WBCs/hpf was found in 362 of 536 (67.5%) patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis in whom Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in EPS or VB(3), in 51 of 151 (33.8%) patients with isolated Trichomonas vaginalis and in 40 of 72 (55.6%) patients with isolated Ureaplasma urealyticum. Escherichia coli was the causative pathogen in 95, Enterococcus in 68, Proteus mirabilis in 37, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 16, Streptococcus agalactiae in 19, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 3 patients with chronic prostatitis. Other patients had a mixed infection. In patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) caused by E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, E. or S. agalactiae, an inflammatory finding was regularly found in EPS or VB(3).     

Studies on the activity of Cyperus rotundus Linn. tubers against infectious diarrhea

To study the antidiarrheal activity of the decoction of Cyperus rotundus Linn. tubers using representative assays of diarrheal pathogenesis and understand its mechanism of action.Antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activities were studied. Effect on adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shigella flexneri to HEp-2 cells was evaluated as a measure of effect on colonization. Effect on enterotoxins such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) heat labile toxin (LT), heat stable toxin (ST) and cholera toxin (CT) was also assessed. The decoction showed antigiardial activity, reduced bacterial adherence to and invasion of HEp-2 cells and affected production of CT and action of LT. The decoction of C. rotundus does not have marked antimicrobial activity and exerts its antidiarrheal action by mechanisms other than direct killing of the pathogen.     

慢病毒介导shRNA干扰前列腺癌PC3细胞Keap1基因表达的研究

目的：针对Keap1构建shRNA慢病毒干扰载体,并评价慢病毒介导的RNA干扰在人前列腺癌细胞PC3中的基因沉默效应。方法：利用生物信息学方法设计针对Keapl的RNAi寡聚核苷酸序列;采用慢病毒载体构建Keapl的shR-NA载体,利用大肠杆菌进行重组表达,利用293T细胞包装得到重组腺病毒;依据绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）示踪,逐孔稀释法确定转染效率及滴度;以实时荧光定量法比较各靶序列的基因干扰效果。结果：筛选了所构建的4个Keapl靶向序列,以慢病毒载体构建完成对应Keapl的shR-NA质粒。通过瞬时转染筛选得到效率最佳（干扰效率达到80％）的靶序列和工作条件。结论：本研究成功构建并筛选了针对Keapl的shRNA慢病毒载体,有效抑制PC3细胞中Keapl的表达。     

Sealed bacterial ghosts--novel targeting vehicles for advanced drug delivery of water-soluble substances

The purpose of the present study was to develop a drug delivery model for water soluble drug substances using the bacterial ghost platform technology. Bacterial ghosts are non-denatured bacterial cell envelopes that are produced by the plasmid encoded gene E mediated lysis. We present a novel method to fill and seal bacterial ghosts for the application as a drug delivery system for fluid, non-anchored substances. E. coli ghosts were filled with the reporter substance calcein and sealed by fusion with membrane vesicles. By flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy it was shown that bacterial ghosts can be filled with calcein, and that the bacterial ghosts can be sealed by restoring the membranes integrity. The adherence and uptake studies showed that almost all murine macrophages and a lower proportion of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells took up fluorescence labeled bacterial ghosts. Moreover, these cells also took up effectively sealed E. coli ghosts filled with calcein, which then was released within the cells. Therefore, we propose bacterial ghosts as alternative drug delivery and release vehicles for advanced cell targeting.     

前列腺炎病原体培养分析及药敏试验

目的了解本地区慢性前列腺炎患者的细菌分布情况,并进行抗生素药敏分析,为临床的诊断治疗提供依据。方法取拟诊为慢性前列腺炎患者的前列腺液做细菌需氧培养,用VITEK-32型全自动细菌分析系统及其鉴定卡、药敏分析卡综合分析结果,同时进行耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌检测。结果160例慢性前列腺炎患者中有108例分离到细菌,阳性率为67·5%,培养出细菌9种,并以葡萄球菌属和大肠杆菌为主;药敏试验显示:葡萄球菌属、大肠杆菌、甲型链球菌及不动杆菌属均对丁胺卡那最为敏感。结论提示前列腺病原菌检测对临床诊断和治疗慢性前列腺炎具有重要意义。     

Transporter associated with antigen processing-like (ABCB9) stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells is sorted to the microdomains of lysosomal membranes

The carboxyl terminus of a human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-like (TAPL), was tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP), and the resulting fusion protein (TAPL-GFP) was stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The GFP signal was co-localized with that of LysoTracker but not that of MitoTracker, as visualized under a microscope. TAPL-GFP was co-sedimented with lysosomal marker cathepsin D on Percoll density gradient centrifugation. These results indicated that TAPL is a lysosomal ABC transporter but not a mitochondrial one. It was not solubilized completely with a non-ionic detergent under ice-cold conditions, and was co-sedimented with flotillin-1 on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A similar result was obtained with high pH-treatment. Furthermore, treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin resulted in an altered distribution of TAPL-GFP. These results suggest that TAPL may be localized to the microdomains (lipid rafts) of lysosomal membranes enriched in cholesterol.     

Antibiothérapie des prostatites

Objectives of the studyDue to the frequency of acute bacterial prostatitis, the choice of antibiotic therapy is discussed in this study.Classification of prostatitisThe choice of suitable antibiotics is relatively easy in cases of acute prostatitis, but it is by far more difficult in chronic forms. In the acute primary form, fluoroquinolones administered per os achieve intra-prostatic concentrations much higher than plasma concentrations. Thus these drugs constitute the best therapeutic choice, taking into account the predominance of E. coli, isolated in 76% in urinary cyto-bacteriologic examination (UCBE).Treatment durationThe duration of treatment is a matter of debate and a professional consensus recommends a minimum of 3 weeks. In secondary acute forms (after biopsies or catheterisation), antibiotic therapy should be based on bacteria responsible for infection.In chronic formsAntibiotic therapy in chronic forms or in recurrent forms requires the isolation and identification of the organism(s), either by UCBE, or by the Meares and Stamey test. Microbial ecology is variable and the choice of antibiotic should be based upon bacterial identification. The duration of therapy must also be discussed in this situation and a professional consensus recommends 4 to 6 weeks treatment.ConclusionIt is important to identify the pathogen responsible for prostatitis (UCBE in acute forms, Meares and Stamey in recurrent forms). The duration of treatment by fluoroquinolones must be prolonged ≥ 3 weeks.