超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管术的临床体会

目的：评估超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管术的临床价值。方法：通过二维超声显像,明确颈内静脉的解剖位置,取颈内静脉横截面积图像,在超声引导下对60例患者颈内静脉穿刺置管。结果：53例1次穿刺成功,5例2次,2例3次,无一例出现误穿颈动脉或气胸等并发症。结论：在超声下颈内静脉穿刺置管术是一种快速简便,显像实时直观、安全有效的方法,必将有广泛的应用前景。     

32例超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管术体会

目的评估超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺的临床价值。方法通过二维超声显像,明确右侧颈内静脉的解剖位置,在超声引导下对32例尿毒症患者进行颈内静脉穿刺置管。结果28例1次成功,1例进针3次穿刺成功,2例穿刺失败,1例因颈内静脉血栓不能穿刺,穿刺成功率93.5%,无1例出现误穿颈动脉和气胸等穿刺并发症。结论超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管术是一种快速简便、安全有效的方法。     

超声引导下经皮中心静脉置管临床应用16例分析

目的：探讨临床需血液净化患者在超声引导下行中心静脉置管的应用体会。方法：16例患者在超声引导下,进行颈内静脉或股静脉置管。结果：16例患者,均一次穿刺顺利（仅1例穿刺两次）并置管成功,均无并发症发生。结论：超声引导下经皮中心静脉置管安全、准确、有效,且并发症少,为建立良好的体外循环通道,顺利完成血液净化治疗提供一条新途径。     

超声引导下行颈内静脉置管在晚期肿瘤患者中的应用及护理

讨论超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管的穿刺方法。方法：回顾我院导管室2010年3-12月期间采用超声引导下行颈内静脉置管2428例的临床资料。结果：一次性穿刺成功2066例,二次性穿刺成功357例,总成功率为99．79％。穿刺失败5例,失败率0．21％。导管异位39例,异位率1．61％。导管异位中经调整后导管到达上腔静脉35例。带管时间5-30d,平均9d,未出现血气胸、皮下血肿、空气栓塞、出血等并发症。结论：超声引导下颈内静脉置管操作简单,方便安全,成功率高,异位率低,无严重并发症发生。对于肿瘤晚期极度消瘦、血管条件差、肥胖、活动不便的患者,在超声引导下置管穿刺成功率明显高于传统盲穿法。     

实时超声与术前超声定位在颈内静脉置管中的应用比较

首先用超声诊断仪确定穿刺静脉的位置,然后根据此结果进行颈内静脉穿刺置管对比实时超声引导穿刺。结果实时超声定位下20例患者均在10min内一针穿刺成功,术前超声定位在13min内一针穿刺成功19例,均无并发症发生。术前超声定位有助于顺利完成颈内静脉穿刺置管,技术简单安全,实时超声定位下颈内静脉一针穿刺成功置管成功率高。     

超声引导在颈内静脉置管中的应用

目的探讨超声引导技术在颈内静脉置管中应用的临床价值。方法选择右颈内静脉置管的手术病人90例,随机均分成3组,A组采用传统盲探穿刺,B组超声定位后穿刺,C组超声引导下进行穿刺。记录各组穿刺成功及一次成功例数、成功插管所需次数、成功插管所需时间、并发症等。结果B、C组穿刺成功及一次成功率明显高于A组（P〈0.05）,成功插管所需次数B、C组明显少于A组（P〈0.05）;A组出现4例颈部血肿、3例刺破动脉并发症。结论超声引导下的颈内静脉置管提高了穿刺成功率,降低了并发症,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

彩超引导高危血透患者颈内静脉穿刺置管及并发症的追踪监测

目的：为了提高高危血透病人颈内静脉穿刺置管的安全性,减少穿刺并发症,追踪监测导管留置期间并发症的转归。方法：选择本院2007年1月～2010年4月期间需要紧急血透的尿毒症高危病例57例,在彩色多普勒超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺部位的筛选、定位,以及置管术后并发症的超声监测。结果：57例中55例一次性进针穿刺置管成功,1例二次进针置管成功,1例因病人呼吸困难不能平卧改行股静脉穿刺,术后即时超声显示导管位置准确,未见有误入动脉、周围组织血肿等情况发生;17例彩超检查发现导管周围血栓形成;11例拔管后颈内静脉见附壁血栓,无一例出现血栓栓塞现象。结论：尿毒症患者在彩超引导下颈静脉穿刺定位、导管留置,可提高穿刺成功率,有效规避穿刺并发症;术后超声监测,可了解导管位置是否保持准确及有无血栓形成;拔管后颈静脉内附壁血栓的追踪监测。     

超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管在肾衰患者中的临床应用

目的:对超声引导下颈内静脉穿刺置管在肾衰患者中的应用效果进行探究.方法:抽取2019年10月—2021年1月期间在我院开展临床治疗的肾衰患者64例,借助抽签分组方式对研究对象予以划分,参照组患者应用常规颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管方式,研究组在超声引导下进行颈内静脉穿刺置管,观察并对比两组患者穿刺置管时间、一次穿刺成功率、...     

超声引导结合改良塞丁格技术经颈内静脉置入PICC与盲穿置管的比较

【摘要】 目的：通过对超声引导结合改良塞丁格技术经颈内静脉置入PICC与盲穿置管的效果比较,评价超声引导结合改良塞丁格技术经颈内静脉置入PICC的安全性与实用性,探讨PICC的扩大应用。方法：将2009年5月至2012年1月,经颈内静脉置入PICC的60例患者分为两组。观察组（30 例）采用超声引导结合改良塞丁格技术,对照组（30例）采用盲穿置管,比较两组患者一针穿刺成功率、穿刺后并发症、一次送入成功率、穿刺时间、置管成功率等指标的差异。结果：两组患者在一针穿刺成功率、穿刺后并发症、一次送入成功率、穿刺时间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;置管成功率无差异。结论：超声引导结合改良塞丁格技术经颈内静脉置入PICC更安全。     

超声引导经颈内静脉PICC置管术在外周血管穿刺困难者中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导经颈内静脉PICC置管术在外周血管穿刺困难者中的应用价值。方法:选择2014年7月至2019年6月本院收治的留置外周静脉困难患者80例,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组实施常规肉眼观察操作,观察组实施超声引导下经颈内静脉行PICC置管技术,比较两组穿刺相关指标。结果:观察组一次穿刺成功率、一次置管成功率及一次置管位置准确率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组穿刺耗时短于对照组(P<0.05),操作出血少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针对外周静脉开放困难者实施超声引导下经颈内静脉置入PICC管道术,操作简单,穿刺成功率高,耗时短,值得临床推广。     

Anatomical variations of internal jugular vein location: impact on central venous access

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether underlying anatomical variations in the position of the internal jugular vein may account for difficulty in obtaining central venous access in individual patients. DESIGN: Consecutive series. SETTING: Cardiac catheterization laboratory, coronary care unit, and ICU. PATIENTS: Two hundred patients (52 +/- 7 yrs, 147 males) who were undergoing internal jugular vein cannulation for hemodynamic monitoring or endomyocardial biopsy. INTERVENTION: The internal jugular vein and carotid artery were visualized with two-dimensional ultrasound and their position was compared with their projected location from external landmarks. RESULTS: In 183 (92%) patients, the position of the internal jugular vein was lateral and anterior to the carotid artery and increased in diameter during a Valsalva maneuver. In five (2.5%) patients, the internal jugular vein was not visualized and was probably thrombosed, as the internal jugular vein was normal on the other side. In six (3%) patients, the internal jugular vein was unusually small and did not increase in diameter during the Valsalva maneuver. In two (1%) patients, the internal jugular vein was positioned greater than 1 cm lateral to the carotid artery. Four (2%) patients had a medially positioned internal jugular vein overlying the carotid artery. In 5.5% of the patients, the position of the internal jugular vein was outside the path that had been predicted by the external landmarks. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that anatomical variation may partly account for the inability to cannulate the internal jugular vein in certain patients. In these cases, ultrasound examination quickly establishes the position of the internal jugular vein and may allow for easy and rapid access.     

超声引导下PICC置入异位原因分析与正位方法

目的:分析超声引导下PICC操作时导管异位至颈内静脉的原因,总结正位方法。方法:69例患者接受PICC操作时,9例发生导管头端异位至颈内静脉,在超生动态监控下为患者分别采用术中转头压肩、无菌纱布压迫颈内静脉加生理盐水推注法、深吸气并憋气法等纠正导管头端位置。结果:正位均获成功。结论:超声引导下进行PICC操作发生导管异位现象时要积极探查异位位置,采取及时、正确的正位措施。     

Improvement of internal jugular vein cannulation using an ultrasound-guided technique

Objective: To determine whether ultrasound guidance can help operators to improve the results of jugular vein access in the ICU. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: General Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital. Patients: Seven-nine patients were assigned to internal jugular vein cannulation using anatomical landmarks alone (control group, n = 42) or with ultrasound guidance (ultrasound group, n = 37). Intervention: All cannulations were performed by junior house staff under the direct supervision of a senior physician. In the ultrasound group, an ultrasonography (7.5 MHz) was used and the transducer was covered by a sterile sheath. The placement and direction of the cannulating needle were determined on the ultrasound image. Measurements and results: Internal jugular vein cannulation was successful in 37/37 (100 %) patients in the ultrasound group and in 32/42 patients (76 %) in the control group (p < 0.01). Average access time was longer in the control group (235 ± 408 s vs 95 ± 174 s, p = 0.06) and carotid artery puncture occurred in five patients in each group (p = 0.83). Jugular cannulation was successful at the first attempt in 26 % in the control group and 43 % in the ultrasound group (p = 0.11). Thirty-two patients (86 %) in the ultrasound group and 23 patients (55 %) in the control group (p < 0.05) were cannulated within 3 min. The cannula could therefore not be inserted within 3 min in 19 patients (45 %) in the control group. Failure was explained by thrombosis (n = 1), small caliber of the internal jugular vein (< 5 mm, n = 3), abnormal vascular relations (n = 3). Among the ten primary failures of cannulation, an internal jugular vein catheter was able to be inserted in four cases by an experienced physician on the side initially selected and with ultrasound guidance in two cases. The catheter was inserted into the contralateral internal jugular vein under ultrasound guidance in the remaining four cases. Conclusion: Ultrasound guidance improved the success rate of jugular vein cannulation in ICU patients. Our results suggest that ultrasound guidance should be used when the internal jugular vein has not been successfully cannulated within 3 min by the external landmark-guided technique. Received: 4 November 1996 Accepted: 22 May 1997     

Pneumothorax following ultrasound-guided jugular vein puncture for central venous access in interventional radiology: 4 years of experience

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to review the rate of pneumothorax following central venous access, using real-time ultrasound guidance. Materials and methods: Data related to ultrasound-guided venous puncture, for central venous access, performed between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2008 was retrospectively and prospectively collected. Access route, needle gauge, catheter type, and diagnosis of pneumothorax on the intraprocedure spot radiographs and or the postprocedure chest radiographs, were recorded. Results: A total of 1262 ultrasound-guided jugular venous puncture for central venous access were performed on a total of 1066 patients between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2008. Access vessels included 983 right internal jugular veins, 275 left internal jugular veins, and 4 right external jugular veins. No pneumothorax (0%) was identified. Conclusion: Due to an extremely low rate of pneumothorax following ultrasound-guided central venous access, 0% in our study and other published studies, we suggest that routine postprocedure chest radiograph to exclude pneumothorax may be dispensed unless it is suspected by the operator or if the patient becomes symptomatic.     

Use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheterization: a national survey of intensivists and hospitalists

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to evaluate the frequency and barriers to use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheter (CVC) insertion by physicians specializing in critical care and hospital medicine.Materials and methodsA national cross-sectional electronic survey of intensivists and hospitalists was administered from November 2014 to January 2015.ResultsThe survey response rate was 5.9% (1013/17 233). Moderate to very frequent use of ultrasound guidance varied by site: internal jugular vein (80%), subclavian vein (31%), and femoral vein (45%). Nearly all physicians (99%) who insert internal jugular CVCs daily use ultrasound guidance, whereas only 46% of physicians who insert subclavian CVCs daily use ultrasound guidance. Use of real-time ultrasound guidance varied by insertion site: internal jugular vein (73%), subclavian vein (28%), and femoral vein (42%). Most physicians (59%) reported not being comfortable with real-time needle tracking at the subclavian site. The most frequently reported barriers to use of ultrasound guidance were (1) limited availability of ultrasound equipment (28%), (2) perception of increased total procedure time (22%), and (3) concern for loss of landmark skills (13%).ConclusionsMost intensivists routinely use ultrasound guidance to insert internal jugular CVCs but not subclavian CVCs. The most commonly reported barrier to ultrasound use was limited access to an ultrasound machine.     

The internal jugular veins are asymmetric. Usefulness of ultrasound before catheterization

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an asymmetry of the internal jugular veins, a finding which will have consequences for catheterization. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: The medical ICU of a university-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Eighty critically ill consecutive patients. INTERVENTION: Measurement of the cross-sectional area of the internal jugular veins. Search for an asymmetry, defined as an area at least twice that of the contralateral vein. RESULTS: An asymmetry was noted in 62.5% of the patients. The dominant vein was the right in only 68 % of these cases. In addition, 23% of the 160 jugular internal veins had an area of 0.4 cm2 or less. CONCLUSIONS: Using a simple technique, ultrasound identifies the dominant internal jugular vein, thus indicating the safer side before blind catheterization.     

颈内静脉的影像学调查及颈总动脉旁颈内静脉穿刺法的研究

目的　探讨颈内静脉穿刺的最佳部位和方法。方法　随机抽取 31例无劲、胸疾患的成年患者颈部核磁共振图像和 2 0位青年志愿者颈部超声图像 ,取甲状软骨上缘、环状软骨、第七颈椎三个横截面的图像 ,分别观察和测定动、静脉的前后关系、动、静脉的内外关系、静脉到皮肌的距离。对 1 2 4例需要行中心静脉置管的患者采用颈总动脉旁颈内静脉穿刺法穿刺。结果　颈总动脉与颈内静脉紧密相连 ;颈内静脉有从上到下依次在动脉的后面过渡到平行、前面的趋势 (P <0 0 1 ) ;三个平面自上而下颈内静脉前壁与颈前皮肤的距离依次变短 (P <0 0 1 )。本组 1 2 4例患者穿刺成功 1 2 3例 ,成功率 99% ,无任何并发症。结论　环状软骨平面颈总动脉外侧 0 5cm处为颈内静脉穿刺的最佳进针点 ;颈总动脉旁颈内静脉穿刺法具有定位明确、操作安全、方便等优点     

Ultrasound-facilitated central venous cannulation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the conventional method for cannulation of the internal jugular vein with the ultrasound-aided technique. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: Medical and surgical patients requiring central cannulation in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Consecutive medical and surgical patients in whom central venous cannulation was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Cannulation of the internal jugular vein was performed by one anesthesiologist. During the first 6 months, the ultrasound-aided technique (n = 29) was used, and during the second 6 months, the conventional technique (n = 27) was applied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The venous lumen was reached with fewer punctures (1.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.3 +/- 3.0 punctures per patient) and the cannulation time was shorter (35 +/- 19 vs. 198 +/- 211 secs) while using the ultrasound-aided technique. The ultrasound-aided method showed that the large-bore (diameter greater than 2.0 mm) needles invariably perforated the medial wall of the internal jugular vein, increasing the risk of perforating the adjacent carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound guidance reduces both the duration of time and the number of punctures required to cannulate the internal jugular vein. The Seldinger technique appears safer for catheterization of the internal jugular vein.     

Possibility of diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphosarcoma

AIM: Efficacy of the treatment of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphosarcoma depends to a great extent on early diagnosis and treatment policy. In this study we evaluated possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphosarcoma (PMBL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 61 patients were examined using roentgenography, computed tomography, chest ultrasound investigation,coagulogram, allelle specific polymerase chain reaction, ultrasound investigation of the jugular, subclavian, brachial veins, vena cava superior to detect mutation of genes II, V factors and methylentetrahydrofolatereductase. RESULTS: In 7 cases prechemotherapy examination detected thrombosis of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. In 4 of 7 cases there was a combined thrombosis of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins, in 3 cases one the vessels was affected with thrombosis. In 2 cases, in the course of polychemotherapy, there was recurrent thrombosis and development of pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE). In progression of the disease there was thrombosis of the left subclavian vein (1 case) and PATE (a case). Coagulologically, hypercoagulation syndrome signs were registered. 5 patients with PMBL complicated by thromboses showed gene mutations. CONCLUSION: In PMBL there is a tendency to formation of venous thrombosis and development of PATE. This is explained by tumor process and hereditary factors of thrombogenicity. Therefore, specific antitumor treatment should include anticoagulation therapy.