乳腺癌保留乳房治疗42例报告

目的 :研究乳腺癌保乳手术的近期效果。方法 :对 0期 (导管内癌 )、I期和部分Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者共 90例进行非随机对照研究 ,观察保乳术 ( 4 2例 )和全乳切除术 ( 4 8例 )的近期效果。结果 :保乳术占同期乳腺癌手术的 19% ,保乳术组中位随访2 8个月 ,有 2例局部复发 ( 4 8% ) ,均为 0期乳腺癌 ,年龄均 <40岁 ;全乳切除术组中位随访 3 1个月 ,无局部复发 ,但 1例发生对侧乳腺癌 ( 2 1% ) ;两组均无远处转移及死亡病例。保乳术组美容效果满意率为 92 9%。结论 :保乳术也适于中国乳腺癌患者 ,美容效果满意 ,但存在一定的局部复发率 ,导管内癌局部处理较浸润癌更应慎重。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术中低能X线放疗安全及可行性初步研究

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术中放疗的短期并发症及美容效果。方法 回顾分析2013—2015年间30例早期乳腺癌患者资料。全部患者均行乳腺癌保乳手术及低能X线术中放疗,术中予以适配器表面20 Gy处方剂量,术后观察手术区域并发症、放射性损伤、乳房美容效果。结果无严重3、4级不良反应;短期并发症为4例(13%)出现血清肿,其中2例需要外科抽吸处理;3例(10%)出现1—2级乳腺皮肤红斑;美容效果优秀率为50%。患者均未出现LR及远处转移。结论 低能X线术中放疗在乳腺癌保乳手术中安全可行,在部分早期低危乳腺癌患者中可作为瘤床补量的一种选择参考。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后部分乳腺三维适形外照射的远期观察

目的 探讨中国女性早期乳腺癌保乳术后部分乳腺三维适形外照射的可行性、疗效及美容效果。方法 2003—2010年44例早期乳腺癌患者接受保乳术后部分乳腺外照射,其中 20例ABC辅助适度深吸气下CT模拟定位,24例自由呼吸下CT模拟定位。采用4个非共面野行三维适形照射,3.40 Gy/次者 39例,3.85 Gy/次者 5例,照射2 次/d(间隔至少6 h)并连续照射5 d。结果 随访时间满2、3、5年者分别为39、31、16例。放疗结束后3个月只有 17例发生1级放射性皮炎(39%)。放疗后6个月和 2年乳房美容效果优良率分别为100%和95%。放疗后2、3、5年局部控制率分别为100%、99%、94%,生存率均为100%。结论 符合条件的中国女性早期乳腺癌患者保乳术后行部分乳腺外照射是可行的,急性放射反应低,可获得满意的美容效果和远期疗效。     

乳腺癌保乳术后放疗反应及美容效果

乳腺癌保乳术后放疗是保乳综合治疗的重要组成部分,对早期乳腺癌施行保乳手术结合放疗已得到广泛认可.现代放疗技术包括三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)和调强放疗(IMRT)等在保乳治疗中得到合理应用.放射反应和美容效果是评价保乳术后放疗的重要因素.不同放疗技术产生的放射反应和美容效果不同并各有其特点.     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后大分割三维放疗Ⅱ期临床观察

目的 观察早期乳腺癌保乳术后大分割三维放疗的疗效、美容效果和不良反应。
方法 2009-2010年45例pT is~2N 0~1M 0期乳腺癌患者保乳术后行三维适形或简化调强放疗,全乳43.5 Gy,瘤床补量8.7Gy,2.9Gy/次, 总疗程24 d。33例接受了化疗,其中新辅助化疗2例、术后化疗31例。局部区域控制率和总生存率用Kaplan Meier法计算。
结果 随访率100%。2年局部区域控制率、生存率均为100%;1例单发骨转移。2级乳房水肿1例,2级乳房纤维化6例,2级上肢水肿1例。2级放射性皮炎4例,1、2级放射性肺炎分别为5、2例。与同期保乳术后常规分割放疗相比,放疗次数由30次降至18次,疗程由40 d缩短至24 d,费用由30450元降至19770元。
结论 乳腺癌保乳术后全乳大分割放疗的疗效和美容效果较好,不良反应可接受,且能显著降低治疗时间和费用。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后加速部分乳腺放疗相关研究进展

早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳放疗是目前标准的治疗方式,可有效降低复发率。由于大多数复发发生在肿瘤切除腔的附近,加速部分乳腺照射(APBI)作为一种只针对原发病灶周围有限体积的组织进行大分割照射的特殊放疗方式,引起了越来越多的关注。近年来,多项前瞻性的随机对照研究证实了其安全性及有效性,对特定的低危保乳术后患者是可行的选择。与全乳放疗相比,APBI缩短了治疗时间,降低了治疗成本,改善了美容效果。同时越来越多的APBI治疗技术被开发出来,增强了患者的可及性,对于部分早期乳腺癌保乳术后患者而言有其独特的优势。尽管如此,APBI技术在疗效及不良反应上存在不同,需区别看待。本文主要就APBI的各种治疗技术、国内外研究进展以及适用人群进行综述,提出尚待解决的问题,展望其发展前景,为临床应用提供参考。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳大分割照射同步瘤床加量的临床分析

目的：观察早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳大分割照射同步瘤床加量的短期疗效与不良反应。方法64例早期乳腺癌患者保乳术后行两野切线全乳照射,全乳腺照射40．5 Gy／15 f,单次剂量2．7 Gy／f,同步瘤床推量至48 Gy／15 f,单次剂量3．2 Gy／f,总疗程3周,观察分析患者局部复发情况、美容效果及不良反应。结果中位随访时间17月,随访率为100％,无局部复发情况发生。3例患者表现乳腺中度胀痛;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级急性皮肤反应发生率分别为17．2％、4．7％、1．6％;Ⅰ级血小板下降发生率与Ⅰ～Ⅱ级中性粒细胞减少发生率分别为1．6％、4．7％;放疗完成后4、7月美容优良率分别为90．6％、87．5％。结论早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳放疗同步瘤床加量的短期疗效与以往常规放疗方式相似,缩短放疗时间,不会增加皮肤不良反应及降低美容效果。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后局部复发与术后放疗可行性的分析

目的总结早期乳腺癌保乳手术后局部复发的表现,分析全乳放疗的作用。方法保乳治疗原发性早期乳腺癌134例,其中0期1例,Ⅰ期78例,Ⅱa期55例。行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术125例,单纯肿块局部广泛切除术9例。术后全乳切线加瘸床放疗102例,全乳切线照射整个乳房,6 MV X线,为减少肺受照量,采用半开野等中心照射,中平面剂量45 Gy,瘤床补加电子束剂量15 Gy。其余32例未行全乳放疗。视术后淋巴结状况行区域淋巴引流区照射。结果随访5～15年,失访5例。术后5年局部复发率、远处转移率、生存率分别为3．7%、2．2%、95．5%。复发共5例,均为浸润性癌,术后病理证实区域淋巴结均为阴性。保乳术后不加全乳放疗组局部复发率似有所提高（9．4%∶2．0%）,但差异无统计学意义,可能与病例数少有关。局部复发病例中原位复发4例。结论结论保乳术后放疗是必要的。局部复发的主要形式是原位复发。足够剂量的只限于肿瘤邻近区域的放疗方式应该是可行的。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后三维适形放疗临床分析

[目的]探讨早期乳腺癌保乳术后三维适形放疗疗效、放射损伤及美容效果。[方法]80例患者分为44例行改良根治术后放疗和36例行保乳术后放疗。应用直线加速器6MVX线照射,处方剂量50Gy,保乳治疗组对瘤床追加6～9MeV电子线16Gy。[结果]中位随访时间18个月,改良根治组无局部复发41例(93%),无远处转移41例(93%),死亡1例;保乳治疗组无局部复发35例(97%),无远处转移35例(97%),无死亡。改良根治组中发生Ⅱ级以上放射性皮炎32例,放射性肺炎12例,患侧上肢水肿10例;保乳治疗组发生Ⅱ级以上放射性皮炎6例,放射性肺炎2例,患侧上肢水肿1例(P=0.01)。保乳治疗组放疗后3个月、6个月及12个月美容效果达优良者分别为88.9%、91.6%和94.4%。[结论]保乳术后三维适形放疗组疗效与改良根治组疗效基本相同,美容效果优于改良根治组,放疗损伤显著低于改良根治组。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后部分乳腺高剂量率后装加速照射的毒性反应及美容效果

目的介绍早期乳腺癌保乳术后单独行局部高剂量率组织间插植加速照射的方法、副作用及美容效果。方法46例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌的47个乳腺在肿瘤局部扩大切除后使用了高剂量率~(192)Ir组织间插植瘤床区加速照射(APBI)。符合条件的患者包括年龄>40岁、T1～T2N0～N1(≤3阳性淋巴结),手术切缘>1～2 mm,小叶癌和炎性乳腺癌除外。术后接受高剂量率近距离放疗,2次/d,间隔至少6 h,总量34 Gy分10次5 d完成。治疗后1、6、12个月及以上观察毒性反应及美容效果。结果全组患者随访18～46个月(中位随访34个月),治疗期间急性反应包括红斑、水肿、乳腺触痛和感染共21例(46%),均为1～2级,无3～4级发生。晚期毒性包括皮肤纤维化、乳腺触痛、脂肪坏死及毛细血管扩张1 2级20例(43%),3级2例(4%),其中1例疗后接受6个周期系统化疗。美容效果达到极好和良好的在6、12个月分别为95%、98%,无一局部复发。结论早期乳腺癌保乳术后APBI后装组织间插植技术具有良好美容功效,急性和晚期毒性作用小,局部控制率有待于长期随访观察。     

乳腺癌保乳术后同步加量IMRT前瞻性研究

目的 前瞻性评估乳腺癌保乳术后瘤床同步加量IMRT的疗效和不良反应。     

Outcome after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in patients who receive accelerated partial breast irradiation

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to examine clinical outcomes and patterns of failure in patients with early stage breast cancer who developed an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) using accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI).

METHODS:

In total, 1440 patients (1449 tumors) with early stage breast cancer who underwent BCT were treated with the MammoSite device to deliver APBI (34 Gray [Gy] in 3.4‐Gy fractions). One thousand two hundred fifty‐five patients (87%) had invasive breast cancer (IBC) (median tumor size, 10 mm), and 194 patients (13%) had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (median tumor size, 8 mm). The median follow‐up was 60 months.

RESULTS:

Fifty patients (3.5%) developed an IBTR for a 5‐year actuarial rate of 3.61% (3.65% for IBC and 3.36% for DCIS). It was determined that 36 recurrences (72%) represented new primary cancers, and 14 recurrences (28%) represented recurrences of the index lesion. Of the 32 recurrences with known histology, 78% were IBC, and 22% were DCIS. After IBTR, 28 of 38 patients (74%) underwent salvage mastectomy, and 9 of 38 patients (26%) had a second attempt at BCT. Adjuvant therapies included tamoxifen in 8 patients (16%) and systemic chemotherapy in 6 patients (12%). The 3‐year rates of disease‐free survival, cause‐specific survival, and overall survival after IBTR were 58.7%, 92.1%, and 80.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

With 5 years of follow‐up, APBI produced clinical outcomes and patterns of failure comparable to those achieved with whole breast irradiation. Patients who developed an IBTR after APBI had excellent 3‐year survival outcomes after salvage treatments. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

中国乳腺癌保乳治疗的前瞻性多中心研究

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌保乳治疗的可行性,以及我国开展保乳综合治疗的模式。方法 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学肿瘤医院等全国共10家三级甲等医院协作,进行早期乳腺癌保乳治疗与切除乳房治疗的大样本前瞻性多中心对照研究。结果 完成保乳手术872例,占符合保乳治疗条件乳腺癌患者的19．5％,占同期全部可手术乳腺癌患者的9．0％。保乳治疗组复发9例（1．0％）,远处转移11例（1．3％）,死亡1例（0．1％）;切除乳房组复发18例（0．5％）,远处转移49例（1．4％）,死亡4例（0．1％）。两组术后局部复发率、远处转移率与死亡率差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。保乳治疗乳房美容效果评估优、良者术后6个月占89．7％,术后1年占91．1％,术后2年占86．6％。结论 保乳治疗在中国是可行的,对早期乳腺癌患者的生存率、复发率无负面影响,提高了患者的生活质量。保乳治疗必须严格把握手术适应证,需要多学科的有机配合,综合治疗是保乳治疗成功的保证。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后三维适形放疗美容效果及近期疗效的比较研究

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳术后常规放疗和三维适形放疗疗效、副作用和治疗后的美容效果。方法106例患者中,62例常规放疗(CR),46例三维适形放疗(3DCRT)。放疗范围根据肿块大小、部位、腋淋巴结是否受累而定。应用直线加速器6 MV X线照射,处方剂量50 Gy5周,瘤床追加6～9 MeV电子线10～15 Gy1.0～1.5周。结果CR组复发3例,远处转移5例,死亡2例;3DCRT组复发1例,远处转移4例,死亡2例。两组放疗后局部复发率、远处转移率与死亡率差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。CR组中11例发生了放射性肺炎,3DCRT组无放射性肺炎发生(P<0.01)。放疗后0.5、1.0年美容效果达优良者CR组分别占90%、93%,3DCRT分别占92%、94%(P>0.05)。结论早期乳腺癌保乳术后3DCRT在近期疗效和美容效果等方面与CR相似,但前者可明显降低放疗并发症。     

Potential applicability of balloon catheter-based accelerated partial breast irradiation after conservative surgery for breast carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Balloon catheter-based accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an alternative to whole-breast external-beam irradiation during breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for breast carcinoma, but it is limited by the size of the segmental mastectomy cavity. There are scant data on the average or optimal volume of resection (VR) in BCT. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the percentage of patients who would be eligible for balloon catheter-based APBI based on the selection criteria of the American Society of Breast Surgeons and the surgical VR. METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of 443 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma treated with BCT. Patient treatment and pathologic data were analyzed to assess VR and eligibility for APBI. RESULTS: BCT was performed for 178 patients with DCIS and 267 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. The majority of invasive carcinomas (63.3%) were infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The median overall lumpectomy volume was 67.61 cm3, with no significant difference between DCIS and invasive carcinoma (P>0.05). Although the majority (62.9-82.0%) of patients met the individual selection criteria for APBI, only 27.4% of the cohort was found to be eligible for any type of APBI when the selection criteria were considered together. Based on VR, only approximately one-half of the patients initially eligible for APBI would be candidates for immediate balloon catheter-based APBI using the 70 cm3 balloon device (13.3%). However, with the new, larger 125 cm3 balloon device, approximately three-fourths of patients initially eligible for APBI would be eligible for balloon catheter-based APBI at the time of the initial surgical procedure (20.7%). Although not evaluated in the current study, shrinkage of the lumpectomy cavity with time may increase the number of patients eligible based strictly on VR criteria. Patients with a very large VR (> or =125 cm3) were more likely to have invasive carcinoma (P=0.02; hazard ratio [HR], 7.4) and tumors > or =5 cm on final pathology (P<0.01; HR, 22.0). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-fifth to one-fourth of patients presenting for BCT may be eligible for balloon catheter-based APBI according to accepted national guidelines and VR. VR must be considered when selecting patients for balloon catheter-based APBI, because a minority of patients will have a lumpectomy cavity that exceeds the size limit of the current balloon device.     

Accelerated partial breast irradiation: Past,present, and future

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) focuses higher doses of radiation during a shorter interval to the lumpectomy cavity, in the setting of breast conserving therapy for early stage breast cancer. The utilization of APBI has increased in the past decade because of the shorter treatment schedule and a growing body of outcome data showing positive cosmetic outcomes and high local control rates in selected patients undergoing breast conserving therapy. Technological advances in various APBI modalities, including intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy, intraoperative radiation therapy, and external beam radiation therapy, have made APBI more accessible in the community. Results of early APBI trials served as the basis for the current consensus guidelines, and multiple prospective randomized clinical trials are currently ongoing. The pending long term results of these trials will help us identify optimal candidates that can benefit from ABPI. Here we provide an overview of the clinical and cosmetic outcomes of various APBI techniques and review the current guidelines for selecting suitable breast cancer patients. We also discuss the impact of APBI on the economics of cancer care and patient reported quality of life.     

乳腺癌保乳术+化疗后动态调强放疗的临床观察

目的 观察乳腺癌保乳术+化疗后动态调强放疗的疗效和美容效果.方法 117例乳腺癌患者保乳术后先行4～6周期化疗再三维适形(6例)和动态调强放疗(111例).化疗分别采用CAF(环磷酰胺+多柔比星+氟尿嘧啶)、AC(多柔比星+环磷酰胺)、TA(紫杉醇+多柔比星)、NE(长春瑞滨+表阿霉素)、TX(紫杉醇+卡培他滨)方案.放疗采用6 MV-X线全乳腺调强放疗50Gy,瘤床电子线外照射加量10 Gy;其中68例患者锁骨上预防性照射50 Gy,42例肿块位于内侧象限的同时照射内乳淋巴引流区,锁骨上区、内乳区及胸壁均包在一个靶区里.雌、孕激素受体阳性加用内分泌治疗.治疗结束后6～12个月由2位医师评分评价美容效果.结果 随访至2009年9月,随访率为94.0%,随访满3、5年者分别为114、91例.全组3生存率为99.1%,5年生存率为96%,5年无瘤生存率为88%,局部复发率为3.6%,美容效果满意者为100%.放疗中及放疗结束后未出现明显放射性心肺等重要脏器损伤.结论 乳腺保乳术+化疗后胸壁动态调强放疗使靶区得到更均匀照射,有望提高局部控制率和生存率并降低正常组织并发症、肿瘤复发率.     

The outcome of patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conserving treatment with or without immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue

Background  Breast conserving treatment (BCT) is accepted as an appropriate therapy for most patients with stage I and stage II breast cancer. However, BCT is associated with a relatively high incidence of local recurrence, and aesthetically unacceptable results occur in some patients. A novel method of immediate volume replacement using autogenous tissue has been developed to strike a balance between adequate excision and cosmesis. We determined the oncological outcome in patients with breast cancer treated with wide excision, immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue, and axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy. Methods  One hundred fifty-three patients with TIS, stage I, II, or III breast cancer underwent wide excision and axillary dissection. The surgical margin of excised breast tissue was examined histologically during surgery. If involved, the breast tissue adjacent to the primary site was excised. When the margin of re-excision was positive, patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction. After wide excision, immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue was performed, unless the deformity was corrected by undermining and conization of the residual breast tissue. Postoperatively, all patients received breast irradiation. Results  Eighteen patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. The surgical margin was negative in 132 of the 135 patients who underwent BCT. The crude local recurrence rate was 0.7% (1/135). Estimated overall and disease-free 5-year survival rates were 96% and 94%, respectively. Conclusions  Wide excision with tumor-free margins and axillary dissection followed by breast irradiation provides adequate local control in many patients with breast cancer. Immediate breast volume replacement with autogenous tissue may avoid some unpleasant cosmetic results associated with extensive local resection. Our technique eliminates the need for mastectomy in selected patients.