慢性中耳炎患者396耳发病年龄与听力丧失的相关性分析

目的：回顾性分析慢性中耳炎患者396耳发病年龄与听力的关系。方法：对中国医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻喉科1993-01／1998-12收治的慢性中耳炎患者396耳进行了患者年龄与听力关系的回顾性调查和统计学分析。396耳中男212耳，女184耳。用美国08822型电测听检测仪测定患者的骨气导阈值，记录出听力图。将患者按年龄分成6组，&;lt;19岁，20～29岁，30～39岁，40～49岁，50～59岁，&;gt;60岁。观察术前骨气导阈值，听骨链改变，手术前后纯音听力改变。资料用t检验或X^2检验进行统计学分析。结果：396耳均取得各项测试值，全部进入结果分析。①患者发病年龄6～71岁胆脂瘤型中耳炎占53．0％(210／396)；非胆脂瘤型中耳炎占470％(186／396)；全聋占4．8％(19／396)，6～71，以&;gt;60岁以上组患者多见(3／13)。②术前骨导阈：术前平均骨导阈在各个年龄组之间有明显的差异，随着年龄的增加，骨导阈提高，各年龄组平均骨导阈值依次为(5．4&;#177;6．3，9．1&;#177;8．2，11．2&;#177;9．6，15．1&;#177;9．8，19．5&;#177;11．6，26．2&;#177;11．2)。骨导阈值超过30dB以上占6．1％(24／396)。胆脂瘤型术前骨导阈明显高于非胆脂瘤型(14．6&;#177;9．9，8．9&;#177;8．2，P&;lt;0．01)，尤其在骨导阈超过30dB以上胆脂瘤型发病明显高于非胆脂瘤型(23／11．0，1／0．5，P&;lt;0．05)。③听骨链改变：术中发现听骨链破坏的患者年龄多在30岁以上，胆脂瘤型中耳炎的听骨链破坏占76％，而非胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者听骨链破坏只占23％，两者比较差异显著(P&;lt;0．05)。④各年龄组术后听力改变：&;lt;60岁各年龄组之间术后听力提高情况没有明显的差异，而&;gt;60岁者术后听力改善较差。胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者术后听力平均增高5．2dB；而非胆脂瘤型中耳炎术后听力平均提高为12．7dB。非胆脂瘤型中耳炎术后听力恢复效果明显(P&;lt;0．05)。结论：①年龄对骨导阈的水平有明显的影响，青少年患者很少出现感觉神经性聋。②随着年龄的增长，骨导阈明显升高，胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者的骨导阈升高常见。③在30岁以上的患者中耳结构的变化比青少年更严重，特别是听骨链的破坏更为明显。④鼓室成型术对青少年和成年人各年龄组中耳炎患者的听力改善有效，60岁以上的患者在条件具备的情况下也应尽可能行鼓室成型术提高和弥补损伤的听力。     

慢性中耳炎患者听力恢复治疗体会

对60耳慢性中耳炎患者进行手术治疗。术中用金刚钻磨开部分上鼓室外侧壁，探查、清除病变组织，取出锤、砧骨，开放鼓峡，进行听骨链重建术，并用耳屏软骨膜内植法修补鼓膜穿孔。其中50耳用自体听骨重建听骨链，10耳用异体听骨重建听骨链。结果表明术后1个月中耳炎感染率控制达90％(54／60)。平均气导听力提高15-30 dB HL。术后1年，自体听骨组50耳中，10耳听力下降至术前水平，其中6耳穿孔；保存液处理的异体听骨10耳中，1耳听力明显下降，移植鼓膜无穿孔，可能是听骨位置移位有关。60耳听力提高(15dB以上)率为81．6％，其中异体听骨组听力提高与自体听骨无明显差异。未见排斥现象；均恢复含气的中耳腔。随访1-5年，疗效满意。鼓室成形术是治疗慢性中耳炎，彻底清除病灶进行听力重建，恢复中耳传音功能的有效方法，选择良好的听骨赝复物，是手术取得成功的关键因素。     

慢性中耳炎一次成形术的研究探讨

慢性化脓性中耳炎听力重建的问题，多年来一直是鼓室成型手术研究的重点，一是部分患者无论如何保守治疗，干耳不能达到2～3个月，而无法行鼓室成型；二是慢性化脓性中耳炎活动期能否行鼓室成型术。现将1998年以来56例资料完整的慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓室成形一次完成术的病例报告探讨如下。     

慢性中耳炎患者听力恢复治疗体会

对60耳慢性中耳炎患者进行手术治疗。术中用金刚钻磨开部分上鼓室外侧壁,探查、清除病变组织,取出锤、砧骨,开放鼓峡,进行听骨链重建术,并用耳屏软骨膜内植法修补鼓膜穿孔。其中50耳用自体听骨重建听骨链,10耳用异体听骨重建听骨链。结果表明术后1个月中耳炎感染率控制达90%(54/60)。平均气导听力提高15～30dBHL。术后1年,自体听骨组50耳中,10耳听力下降至术前水平,其中6耳穿孔;保存液处理的异体听骨10耳中,1耳听力明显下降,移植鼓膜无穿孔,可能是听骨位置移位有关。60耳听力提高(15dB以上)率为81.6%,其中异体听骨组听力提高与自体听骨无明显差异。未见排斥现象;均恢复含气的中耳腔。随访1～5年,疗效满意。鼓室成形术是治疗慢性中耳炎,彻底清除病灶进行听力重建,恢复中耳传音功能的有效方法,选择良好的听骨赝复物,是手术取得成功的关键因素。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力检查临床分析

目的 了解慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学检查特点.方法 回顾性分析2005年8月-2008年12月间就诊的382例确诊为慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学检查资料.结果 慢性化脓性中耳炎中男性和单耳患者居多,任何年龄均可发病,以中度传导性听力损失为主,鼓室图形态各异,耳道容积变大.结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎是常见的耳科疾病,需及时...     

慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中患者听力受损的高危因素及防治对策

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中患者听力受损的高危因素。方法回顾性分析150例慢性化脓性中耳炎手术患者的临床资料,对其中因手术中操作造成的听力受损患者进行危险因素分析。结果 150例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者手术中听力受损者17例,发生率为11.33%,其中锤骨柄、手术时间、咽鼓管功能、电钻噪声、后鼓室胆脂瘤、迷路瘘管、耳硬化症是慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中患者听力受损的危险因素,也是独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中听力受损相关因素较为复杂,在临床上要加强防范。     

耳内窥镜下单纯鼓膜修复术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎临床疗效

目的:研究耳内窥镜下单纯鼓膜修复术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的临床效果。方法:选取我院2017年6月～2018年9月收治的CSOM患者90例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组45例。对照组采用鼓室成形术治疗,研究组采用耳内窥镜下单纯鼓膜修复术治疗。对比两组治疗效果,手术时间、术中出血量、术后1 h疼痛VAS评分、并发症发生率等围手术期指标及手术前后骨导听阈、气导听阈等听力指标变化情况。结果:研究组治疗总有效率91.11%(41/45),高于对照组的73.33%(33/45),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,术后1 h VAS评分低于对照组(P0.05);手术后3个月,两组骨导听阈、气导听阈值均低于手术前,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后并发症总发生率6.67%(3/45),低于对照组的22.22%(10/45),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与鼓室成形术治疗相比,耳内窥镜下单纯鼓膜修复术治疗CSOM,能有效缩短手术时间,减少术中损伤,降低术后疼痛程度,改善患者听力,显著提高治疗效果,降低术后并发症发生率。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎行开放式鼓室成形术后不同频率听力重建效果的对比研究

目的探讨胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者行开放式鼓室成形术后的听力重建效果。方法选择在该院进行开放式鼓室成形术的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为全听骨赝复物（TORP）组、听骨赝复物（PORP）组、未植入听骨赝复物（NONE）组,比较患者术后不同频率处的骨导听阈和纯音气导听阈。结果 TORP组患者术后2、1、0．5、0．25 kHz频率处的骨导听阈和纯音气导听阈均明显高于PORP组、NONE组;3、4 kHz的骨导听阈和纯音气导听阈均明显高于NONE组且与PORP组相比差异无统计学意义。结论全听骨赝复物植入开放式鼓室成形术能够有效改善患者的低中频听力,具有积极的临床价值。     

耳内窥镜在慢性化脓性中耳炎治疗中的临床应用

选取120例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者按随机数字表法分成研究组和对照组各60例。对照组采用常规鼓室成形术进行治疗,研究组采用耳内窥镜鼓室成形术进行治疗。对比两组治疗前、后纯音测听结果及术后并发症。两组治疗前骨听阈值及气导听阈值差别不明显(P>0.05);研究组治疗后骨听阈值及气导听阈值均较对照组低(P<0.05),同时研究组并发症总发生率也明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。耳内窥镜下手术不但能更有效的改善慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力状况,同时术后并发症也更少。     

Literacy skills of Australian Indigenous school children with and without otitis media and hearing loss

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between reading, spelling, and the presence of otitis media (OM) and co-occurring hearing loss (HL) in metropolitan Indigenous Australian children, and compared their reading and spelling outcomes with those of their non-Indigenous peers. OM and HL may hinder language development and phonological awareness skills, but there is little empirical evidence to link OM/HL and literacy in this population. Eighty-six Indigenous and non-Indigenous children attending pre-primary, year one and year two at primary schools in the Perth metropolitan area participated in the study. The ear health of the participants was screened by Telethon Speech and Hearing Centre EarBus in 2011/2012. Participants’ reading and spelling skills were tested with culturally modified sub-tests of the Queensland University Inventory of Literacy. Of the 46 Indigenous children, 18 presented with at least one episode of OM and one episode of HL. Results indicated that Indigenous participants had significantly poorer non-word and real word reading and spelling skills than their non-Indigenous peers. There was no significant difference between the groups of Indigenous participants with OM and HL and those with normal ear health on either measure. This research provides evidence to suggest that Indigenous children have ongoing literacy development difficulties and discusses the possibility of OM as one of many impacting factors.     

Pure tone hearing profiles in children with otitis media with effusion

Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common middle ear disease in children. The associated conductive hearing loss is a major concern for hearing health professionals. The aim of the present study was to describe the configuration of pure tone audiograms of children with OME and to design a statistical stratification algorithm to facilitate hearing loss profiling in children with OME.

Methods: School age children with OME were recruited. Bone and air conduction thresholds were obtained using standard procedures. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to determine audiometric profile groups. The Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test was used to measure sentence perception in children for cluster analysis validity assessment.

Results: Ninety-seven children (164 ears) aged between 72 months and 153 months were examined. Air conduction thresholds averaged for 500?Hz, 1000?Hz and 2000?Hz were in the range of 8.3–53.3?dB HL with a mean of 26.8?dB HL. Bone conduction thresholds were found to be influenced by middle ear pathology with a maximal elevation at 2000?Hz of 25?dB HL. Four audiometric profiles were identified. Cluster 1 contained 54 ears (32.9%) with normal or near normal hearing, Clusters 2 contained 37 ears (22.6%) with mild hearing loss, Cluster 3 included 48 ears (29.3%) and Cluster 4 included 25 ears (15.2%) with moderate hearing loss. Stability and validity of the four-cluster profiling procedure was examined and established with satisfactory results.

Conclusions: OME in children is associated with pure tone hearing thresholds ranging from normal to moderate hearing loss. The hierarchical clustering algorithm proved useful as a novel means of profiling hearing loss in children with OME and may assist in identifying affected children at greater risk of auditory disadvantage.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• A hierarchical cluster analysis method can be used to determine audiometric profiles in children with OME.

• This algorithm assists to identify children at greater risk of auditory disadvantage.

• Cluster groups with more elevated pure tone thresholds may be targeted for priority in clinical surveillance and medical/surgical intervention.

     

伪聋及夸大性耳聋患者听力检查的护理

目的 针对伪聋及夸大性耳聋患者心理特点进行护理，最终对其听力作出正确评估。方法 对初次检查结果可疑者，分析其行为动机，进行正确有效的思想疏导工作，使患者以积极的态度接受检查。结果 经说服教育和心理护理。所有病例均获得满意检查结果。确定初诊为伪聋者58例，夸大性耳聋者67例。动机包括为获取经济赔偿或诉讼优势；工伤评残或老兵退役评残；逃避工作或训练；医疗纠纷等。结论 伪聋和夸大性耳聋有其复杂的主观动机，通过正确引导和心理护理，最终均能获得真实听力结果。     

Screening for hearing loss versus parental concern regarding hearing problems: Subsequent referral and treatment for otitis media in the Netherlands

Abstract Objective. The present study investigates whether general practitioner (GP) consultation initiated by failing the population hearing screening at age nine months or GP consultation because of parental concern over ear/hearing problems was more important in deciding on referral and/or surgical treatment of otitis media (OM). Design. A questionnaire covering the history between birth and 21 months of age was used to obtain information on referral after failing the hearing screening, GP consultations for ear/hearing problems, and subsequent referral to a specialist and possible surgical treatment at an ENT department. Setting. The province of Limburg, the Netherlands. Subjects. Healthy infants invited for the hearing screening at age nine months, who responded in an earlier study called PEPPER (Persistent Ear Problems, Providing Evidence for Referral, response rate 58%). Main outcome measures. The odds of a child being surgically treated for OM. Results. The response rate for the present questionnaire was 72%. Of all children tested, 3.9% failed the hearing screening and were referred to their GP. Of all 2619 children in this study, 18.6% visited their GP with ear/hearing problems. Children failing the hearing screening without GP consultation for ear/hearing problems were significantly more often treated surgically for OM than children passing the hearing screening but with GP consultation for ear/hearing problems. Conclusion. Objectified hearing loss, i.e. failing the hearing screening, was important in the decision for surgical treatment in infants in the Netherlands.     

Catabolism of glycoconjugates in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.

Chronic ear disease with cholesteatoma is characterized by an intrusion of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium into the middle ear manifesting bone resorption at the interface of the perimatrix. The aim of our study was to investigate the markers of a catabolic process associated with several chronic inflammatory states. We assessed the level of catabolism of glycoconjugates in assays of cholesteatoma extracts, quantifying two lysosomal exoglycosidases: alpha-mannosidase (alpha-MAN) and beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL). Cholesteatomas (n = 15) and normal adult postauricular skin served as controls (n = 15) were collected from the patients during surgery owing to chronic otitis media. To assess exoglycosidase activity, release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol derivatives of alpha-mannose and beta-galactose was used. In 13 of 15 specimens, we observed significantly higher activity of investigated enzymes in cholesteatoma tissue compared with control tissue (postauricular skin). The mean activity of alpha-MAN from the cholesteatoma cells was 1.76 +/- 1.10 nkat/g wet tissue and 0.61 +/- 0.21 nkat/g wet tissue in the control probes. The mean activity of beta-GAL from the cholesteatoma cells was 1.77 +/- 1.07 nkat/g wet tissue and 0.87 +/- 0.20 nkat/g wet tissue in the control probes. Catabolic reactions involving glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans may play a role in cholesteatoma-related bone resorption. The present data indicating that the lysosomal exoglycosidases alpha-MAN and beta-GAL are significantly and consistently elevated suggest the need to further correlations assessment between levels of alpha-MAN and beta-GAL and cholesteatoma behavior. Further research should also evaluate the relative importance of these particular exoglycosidases in manifesting bone resorption in considering the spectrum of identified inflammatory mediators.     

慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎螺旋CT检查的诊断价值。方法对手术及病理证实的48例65耳慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎患者术前进行螺旋CT扫描并与手术及病理结果对照分析。结果48例中,胆脂瘤型32耳,典型者表现为上鼓室、鼓窭及其入口内团块样或弥漫性软组织病灶,边缘见低密度环,骨缘硬化,鼓室扩大,盾板变钝或破坏,听小骨明显破坏;肉芽肿型28耳,主要表现为鼓室及鼓窦内软组织条索及片网影,听小骨破坏较轻;单纯型15耳,表现为中耳腔内黏膜增厚、积液。三维CT听骨链显示情况与手术一致。结论螺旋CT扫描对慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎术前诊断及分型有重要意义,三维CT成像对制定手术方案,提高手术安全性有很大价值。     

儿童先天性感音神经性耳聋与脑白质病变的关系

目的 探讨儿童感音神经性耳聋（SNHL）与脑白质病变（WML）的关系。方法 收集SNHL患儿436例,其中有WML者196例（A组）,对患儿进行MR检查。收集同期无SNHL因他病接受颅脑MR检查的患儿720例,选取其中仅有WML者118例作为对照（B组）。依据改良Scheltens量表对脑室旁白质区（枕叶、额叶和侧脑室）和深部白质区（颞叶、额叶、顶叶、枕叶）各部位WML进行评分,并进行统计学分析。结果 A组WML患儿占所有SNHL患儿的44.95%（196/436）,B组WML患儿占无SNHL者的16.39%（118/720）。A组平均年龄小于B组（P＝0.009）。A组侧脑室带状高信号灶评分高于B组（P<0.05）。额叶帽状高信号灶和枕叶帽状高信号灶评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。A组深部白质区颞叶、额叶、顶叶WML评分均高于B组（P均<0.01）,两组枕叶WML评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组与B组脑室旁白质区与深部白质区各部位WML评分总和差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 SNHL患儿WML发生率高、发病年龄较小,WML较严重。