血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(PE)联合连续性静-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法在内科治疗基础上,30例患者给予PE CVVH治疗,35例给予单纯PE治疗。观察近期疗效、并发症的变化及不良反应。结果两组患者肝功能均明显改善;联合组7例肝肾综合征中6例肾功能恢复正常,肝性脑病清醒率达62.5%,近期成活率80.0%;对照组9例肝肾综合征中仅1例肾功能恢复,肝性脑病清醒率30.0%,近期成活率54.3%。结论在内科综合治疗基础上PE联合CVVH可显著改善重型肝炎患者的生化指标,纠正并发症,提高近期存活率,且安全可行。     

缓慢性血浆置换同步并联血液滤过治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎

目的 探讨缓慢性血浆置换(PE)同步并联静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的临床疗效.方法 104例患者随机分为3组,联合治疗组44例,PE治疗组30例,内科治疗组30例.联合治疗组在内科综合治疗基础上加用缓慢性PE同步并联CVVH治疗,PE治疗组在内科综合治疗基础上加用单纯PE治疗,内科治疗组仅予以内科综合治疗.观察3组治疗前后临床症状、体征、肝功能指标及近期有效率、生存率,并观察联合治疗组和PE治疗组治疗前后动脉血pH值、血钠浓度和肿瘤坏死因子及白细胞介素1、6、10等的变化情况.根据不同资料分别选择t检验、F检验或X2检验.结果 联合治疗组9例肝性脑病患者中7例意识转清,9例肝肾综合征患者中6例肾功能恢复,酸碱失平衡得以纠正,低钠血症改善,肿瘤坏死因子a下降,近期有效率81.82%,生存率56.82%;PE治疗组7例肝性脑病患者2例意识转清,5例肝肾综合征患者1例肾功能恢复,pH值、低钠血症及肿瘤坏死因子a无变化,近期有效率56.67%,生存率33.33%,两组患者白细胞介素1、6均降低,白细胞介素10升高.内科治疗组6例肝性脑病患者中1例意识转清醒,肝肾综合征患者肾功能均未恢复,近期有效率23.33%,生存率16.67%.结论 缓慢性PE同步并联CVVH是一种新型、安全、有效的非生物型人工肝治疗方法.     

应用血浆置换术治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效分析

目的探讨血浆置换(PE)术治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法应用PE对41例慢性重型肝炎患者进行68例次治疗,观察治疗前后肝、肾功能、电解质、血常规、凝血酶原时间、总胆汁酸的变化情况及不良反应,并与一般保肝综合治疗组疗效进行比较。结果41例患者经PE治疗后ALT、TBIL、TBA水平较治疗前明显下降,ALB水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05);PE组治愈好转率为58.5%,显著高于对照组的33.3%(P<0.05)。结论PE联合一般保肝综合治疗慢性重型肝炎可显著改善血生化指标,提高患者存活率。     

血浆置换联合血液透析滤过治疗重型肝炎的临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(PE)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗重型肝炎的临床效果。方法将119例重型肝炎患者随机分为A、B、C三组,均在内科治疗的基础上,A组47例接受PE治疗,B组32例接受PE+HDF治疗,C组不接受人工肝治疗。结果 A组治愈16例,好转22例,死亡9例,B组治愈9例,好转17例,死亡6例,C组治愈7例,好转22例,死亡11例;PE或PE+HDF治疗后,患者血NO、LPS、TNF-α下降明显。结论 PE或PE联合HDF治疗重型肝炎,能显著改善临床症状、促进肝性脑病恢复,提高患者存活率。     

低置换量血浆置换联合血浆吸附治疗42例重型肝炎疗效观察

目的探讨低置换量(2000ml)血浆置换联合血浆吸附治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法选择42例重型肝炎患者在内科治疗的基础上采用低置换量血浆置换联合血浆吸附治疗,同期40例未进行人工肝治疗的重型肝炎为对照组,观察两组在临床症状、实验室检测指标及存活率的差异。结果低置换量血浆置换联合血浆吸附治疗组较对照组患者的临床症状,实验室指标及存活率均有明显改善,在统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论低置换量血浆置换联合血浆吸附治疗重型肝炎是一种有效的方法。     

血浆置换系统治疗重型肝炎的短期疗效观察

目的 观察血浆置换人工肝对重型肝炎肝功能指标的影响和疾病转归,评价其短期疗效.方法 选择2008年3月～2009年4月武汉大学人民医院住院患者,48例重型肝炎患者除内科综合治疗外,进行人工肝血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)治疗,对照组48例仅给予内科综合治疗,比较两组的生化指标变化及短期生存率.结果 PE治疗组每次治疗后,患者临床症状有不同程度的改善,各主要生化指标与对照组比较显著改善(P＜0.01或0.05),但治愈好转出院率两组比较无显著差异.结论 PE对于早、中期重型肝炎患者,可提高疗效,对于晚期重型肝炎病死率无明显改变.     

血浆灌流联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性肝衰竭的效果观察

目的评价血浆灌流(PP)联合血浆置换(PE)治疗慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)的临床价值。方法收集2014年1月-2015年12月兰州市第二人民医院感染科收治的72例ACLF患者,所有患者均在内科药物治疗基础上加用人工肝支持系统治疗(根据病情不同,3~4 d进行1次人工肝治疗,平均每例患者进行1~3次),据治疗方法不同分为联合组(n=40,PP联合PE治疗,共107例次)和对照组(n=32,单纯PE治疗,共85例次)。记录患者治疗前、术后及术后72 h的TBil、ALT和PTA。并在治疗4周后进行疗效评价。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;计数资料2组间比较用χ~2检验。结果所有患者的总有效率为63.89%(46/72);术后72 h联合组和对照组患者的ALT水平比较,差异有统计学意义[(319.54±86.23)U/L vs(354.75±100.76)U/L,t=2.60,P0.05)];与治疗前比较,2组患者的TBil、ALT水平在术后(联合组:t值分别为6.69、15.84,P0.05,对照组:t值分别为5.34、14.38,P0.05)及术后72 h(联合组:t值分别为3.24、8.83,P0.05,对照组:t值分别为2.40、4.61,P0.05)均有降低;2组患者的PTA水平在术后与治疗前比较变化明显,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.83、5.01,P值均0.05)。联合组和对照组皮肤瘙痒、皮疹的发生率差异无统计学意义;口周或肢体麻木的发生率差异有统计学意义(10.28%vs 31.76%,χ~2=9.11,P0.05)。结论 PE联合PP与单纯PE治疗均可有效改善ACLF患者的临床疗效,2组治疗有效率近似;但联合组可节省40%~50%血浆,且降低了PE治疗不良反应的发生率,安全性更高,同时更符合目前血源紧缺的社会现实,是临床治疗手段的更佳选择。     

早期血浆置换治疗急性砷化氢中毒11例临床分析

目的研究早期血浆置换(PE)对于治疗急性砷化氢中毒、预防急性肾衰竭的疗效。方法2005年4月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院职业病与中毒中心,对11例急性砷化氢中毒患者进行PE,动态观察治疗前后生化指标的变化。结果11例患者PE治疗后临床症状均有所改善,其中9例肾功能正常,2例有肾功能损害。结论及时进行PE是预防砷化氢致急性肾功能衰竭的有效措施。     

血浆吸附灌流联合血浆置换治疗肝衰竭和高胆红素血症的临床研究

目的观察血浆吸附灌流（plasma perfusion,PP）联合血浆置换（plasma exchange,PE）的组合型人工肝方法治疗肝衰竭和高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法将PP和使用少量血浆的PE联合在1次治疗模式（联合组）中完成,治疗51例66例次肝衰竭和高胆红素血症患者,检测治疗前、结束时及治疗结束48h时患者血总胆红素、总胆汁酸、VIA、ALB及WBC水平,并观察不良反应发生情况,与同期进行的36例79例次单纯PE治疗患者（PE组）做对照。结果①联合组治疗的总有效率为60．87％,高于PE组的52．78％,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;②2组患者治疗结束及治疗结束48h时血清总胆红素均明显低于治疗前水平（P〈0．05）,联合组治疗结束时血清总胆红素下降幅度高于PE组（P〈0．05）;③2组患者治疗结束时血清总胆汁酸均低于治疗前水平（P〈0．05）,但2组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;④2组治疗结束时PTA值均高于治疗前水平（P〈0．05）;⑤同治疗前比较,联合组治疗结束时及治疗结束48h时血清ALB、GLO均无明显变化（P〉0．05）。而PE组则明显减少（P均〈0．05）;⑥同治疗前比,2组治疗结束时及治疗结束48h时血WBC总数均无明显变化（P〉0．05）,丝且治疗结束时血Pn总数均明显减少（P均〈0105）;⑦联合组平均使用血浆量明显少于PE组;⑧未发生严重不良反应。结论本研究建立的PP联合PE的人工肝方法血浆用量少,治疗肝衰竭和高胆红素血症安全有效。     

血浆置换联合血浆灌流治疗急性肝衰竭的临床疗效分析

目的研究分析血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)联合血浆灌流(plasma perfusion,PP)治疗急性肝衰竭(acute liver failure,ALF)患者治疗前后的疗效。方法 31例ALF患者共行治疗95例次,分析治疗前与治疗结束后患者临床症状、白细胞计数、肝功能、凝血功能及血氨主要指标变化,同时观察治疗过程中及治疗后24 h内不良反应及最后治疗效果。结果 ALF患者治疗后丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白细胞计数(WBC)和血氨均较治疗前显著下降(P0.01);凝血酶原时间活动度(PTA)较治疗前显著改善(P0.01);PE联合PP治疗ALF总有效率为61.3%(19/31),不良反应发生率为23.1%(22/95)。结论 PE联合PP可显著改善ALF患者临床症状,且不良反应少,是治疗ALF安全、有效的一种联合方式。     

A case report of hepatorenal syndrome treated with plasma diafiltration (selective plasma filtration with dialysis)

Plasma diafiltration (PDF) (selective plasma filtration with dialysis) is blood purification therapy in which simple plasma exchange is performed using a membrane plasma separator (Evacure EC-2A) while dialysate flows outside of the hollow-fibers. A 74-year old man with hepatorenal syndrome underwent four sessions of PDF and three sessions of HDF. Finally he recovered from hepatorenal syndrome. In this therapy, the levels of total bilirubin, interleukin-18, creatinine, and cystatin C were significantly reduced. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the total protein and albumin levels before and after PDF. PDF may be one of the most useful blood purification therapies for hepatorenal syndrome in terms of medical economics.     

A case report of pediatric fulminant hepatitis treated with plasma diafiltration

Plasma diafiltration (PDF) is blood purification therapy in which simple plasma exchange is performed with a membrane plasma separator while dialysate flows outside the hollow fibers. A 14-year-old boy with fulminant hepatitis underwent two sessions of PDF and one session of hemodiafiltration. We infused filtered replacement fluid for artificial kidneys at a dialysate flow rate of 600 mL/h and a replacement flow rate of 450 mL/h. We infused fresh frozen plasma (1200 mL) and 25% albumin solution (50 mL) intravenously over 8 h. Each PDF session lasted 8 h. The patient's total bilirubin, interleukin-18, and cystatin C levels decreased with treatment, and he recovered from hepatic failure. PDF may be an extremely useful blood purification therapy for pediatric fulminant hepatitis in terms of both medical economics and cytokine removal.     

肝病患者血浆输注的现状

肝脏疾病的患者往往会伴随不同程度的凝血功能障碍和出血。成分血液中的血浆中含有大量的各种凝血因子,故血浆在肝病患者的治疗过程中起着不可替代的作用。为了解血浆在肝病中应用动态,为血浆在肝病中的临床应用提供参考,本文就国内外血浆在肝病中的应用作一概述。     

Effects of replacement fluids on plasma viscosity used for therapeutic plasma exchange

Plasmapheresis is a widely used alternative treatment for several diseases. Recently, synthetic plasma expanders have been used to reduce the cost of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a polysaccharide colloid. Isohes and Varihes are plasma volume expanders containing 6% HES in 0.9% NaCl solution. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of several replacement fluids used for TPE on plasma viscosity profile. At the same time, we evaluated the correlation between plasma viscosity and fibrinogen level. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled for this study. Patients were divided into four groups based on replacement fluids used: 3% HES + 4% albumin (group 1), FFP (group 2), 3% Varihes (450000/ 0.7)/Isohes(200000/0.5) (group 3), and 4% albumin (group 4). The choice of replacement fluids used was randomly assigned, as long as there were no contraindications for the patient. Seven samples were collected to determine plasma viscosity and fibrinogen level during TPE cycles. There was a positive exponential correlation between plasma viscosity and fibrinogen levels. At the second plasmapheresis procedure, plasma viscosity and fibrinogen levels decreased by 20% compared with first cycle. The effect of plasmapheresis solutions on hemorheology were roughly the same. Effects of replacement fluids on plasma viscosity were comparable.     

对我国糖尿病人群空腹血糖诊断水平的探讨

根据ＷＨＯ糖尿病诊断和分类委员会近年来提出的糖尿病新诊断标准中以空腹血糖≥７．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ取代ＦＰＧ≥７．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，为探讨我国糖尿病人群ＦＰＧ的诊断水平。方法１９９４年全国２５岁以上２５万人群糖尿病普查中经口服７５ｇ葡萄糖耐蛳试验检查人群的资料进行了分析。     

Twice daily plasma exchange in refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) usually responds to daily single total plasma exchange (TPE) or to plasma infusion. However, some cases are refractory to total plasma exchange, and additional efficacious treatment may not be available. A 34-year-old white male diagnosed with TTP was found to be refractory to single TPE. Steroids and twice daily TPE, in addition to splenectomy and vincristine, worked well to prevent further clinical deterioration. Laboratory values were normalized at the completion of treatment protocol. Cases of TTP refractory to single TPE/day may benefit from early treatment of twice-daily TPE in addition to a combination therapy of steroids, splenectomy, and vincristine.     

Re-evaluation of Evans blue dye dilution method of plasma volume measurement

Summary To simplify the method of plasma volume measurement by Evans blue dye dilution we used, for the first time, the same venous site for injection of dye and collection of samples. In a series of 49 studies the dye decay between 10 and 35 min after injection was highly linear (r = 0.991 ± 0.01), indicating that contamination of samples is very unlikely. We repeated the measurements after eight weeks in nine patients; the mean difference was 16.4±19.6 ml, indicating a high degree of reproducibility. We found that extrapolation of the dye decay curve to time zero is required for accurate estimates of plasma volume. There was good agreement between the estimates of plasma volume obtained by extrapolation from only three samples taken at 10, 20 and 30 min after dye injection with the results obtained using all six samples. We also found good agreement between the estimates of plasma volume obtained by using standard curves constructed from four standard dilutions of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l and those obtained by the use of standard curves constructed from the blank and only one standard dilution of 10 mg/l. We therefore conclude that the Evans blue technique can be simplified with minimal loss of accuracy, by using only one venous site for injection and withdrawal, withdrawing only three samples between 10 and 30 min after injection and using a two point calibration line.     

血浆置换联合血浆灌流治疗肝衰竭患者临床疗效分析*

目的探讨血浆置换（PE）联合血浆灌流（PP）治疗肝衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选择2012年6月~2015年7月我科治疗的肝衰竭患者46例为观察组,行PE联合PP治疗;以2007年1月~2008年5月治疗的肝衰竭患者46例为对照组,行单纯PE治疗。采用日本OLYMPUS AU5400全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能指标;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果观察组显效率和总有效率（分别为41.3%和93.47%）均明显高于单纯PE组（21.74%和78.26%,P<0.05）;治疗后,观察组患者血清TBIL、INR、NH₃、CRP、TNF-α和IL-6水平分别为（308.3±35.3）μmol/L、（1.6±0.2）、（214.3±22.7）μmol/L、（7.4±1.1）mg/L、（1128.3±345.3）ng/L和（115.5±12.0）ng/L,明显低于对照组【分别为（326.1±38.4）μmol/L、（1.9±0.8）、（267.5±26.1）μmol/L、（10.3±1.3）mg/L、（2012.3±318.4）ng/L和（184.3±20.1）ng/L,P<0.05】;观察组ALB水平为（34.3±4.9）g/L,明显高于对照组【（31.4±3.9）g/L,P<0.05】;观察组并发症发生率为19.6%,显著低于对照组的36.1%（P<0.05）。结论血浆置换联合血浆灌流治疗肝衰竭患者有助于清除炎性因子,改善肝功能,提高治疗效果。     

Role of plasma exchange in the thyroid storm

Inadequately treated thyroid storm can lead to death. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a suggested treatment when conventional treatments fail, but its indication is not well codified. We report our experience through three explicit cases. Three elderly patients were admitted to our hospital for cardiac or neurologic symptoms due to thyroid storm. After initiation of conventional therapy, TPE was performed with clinical and biological improvement. The speed of symptom resolution varies depending on the severity. This technique must be carried out by experienced medical staff as many complications can occur; nevertheless, in our patients with severe comorbidities, no complications occurred. The action of TPE mainly results from plasma removal of cytokines, putative antibodies, and thyroid hormones and their bound proteins. TPE has a transitory effect and thus should be associated with other thyroid blockers. When there are threatening symptoms, TPE should be done early, without waiting for the efficiency of conventional treatment, since it is the fastest method known for the improvement of the clinical condition. We also suggest starting TPE in case of neurologic symptoms because of very slow and incomplete regression. The Burch and Wartofsky score seems to be a helpful tool in establishing the diagnosis of thyroid storm and for deciding on when to initiate TPE.