新疆伊犁地区儿童青少年应激性生活事件及影响因素分析

目的 了解新疆伊犁地区儿童青少年应激性生活事件的现状以及影响因素,为新疆儿童青少年健康干预提供支持。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法在新疆伊犁地区4个县市随机抽取3442名初中学生进行生活事件多维评定问卷的调查。结果 新疆伊犁地区初中学生男生应激性生活事件5个维度及总维度得分均低于女生,并且在恋爱与性维度方面差异有统计学意义(t值为-6.383,P值＜0.01)。随着年级升高,应激性生活事件各维度得分呈现上升趋势,并且均存在统计学意义(F值分别为31.468、27.542、11.346、17.446、27.158、54.689,P值均＜0.01)。logistic回归分析表明,城市、非独生子女、初二年级、初三年级、学业负担较重是导致应激性生活事件发生的危险性因素(B值为0.235、0.211、0.318、0.366、1.196,P值均＜0.05),具有1~2个、3~5个、5个以上亲密的朋友是保护因素(B值为-0.619、-0.964、-1.077,P值均＜0.01)。结论 新疆伊犁地区初中生应激性生活事件不容乐观,今后应结合本地区中学生特点及实际进行有效的干预和引导。     

Stressful Life Events,Marital Satisfaction,and Marital Management Skills of Taiwanese Couples

The association between stressful life events and marital satisfaction for 372 Taiwanese couples was examined, as was the moderating effects of three marital management skills (e.g., tolerance/sacrifice, empathy/consideration, soothing/alleviation) on that association. Multilevel modeling analysis showed that stressful life events reduced husbands' and wives' marital satisfaction. Spouses' marital management skills were associated with an increase in their marital satisfaction (actor effects) except for husbands' soothing and alleviation skills. Husbands' tolerance and empathy were also related to an increase in the wife's marital satisfaction (partner effects) and had significant interactions with the relationship between the wife's stress and her marital satisfaction. Husbands' and wives' soothing skills also had significant interactions with the association between stressful life events and their own satisfaction. These results are discussed in relation to the life course, stress process, coping theories, and Chinese cultural values as well as their clinical implications of working with Chinese population.     

高校独立学院护理专业学生的生活事件调查及与心理健康的关系

目的 调查高校独立学院护理专业学生(以下简称护生)面临的主要生活事件及其与心理健康的关系.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)及自制基本情况调查表对整群随机抽取的378名独立学院护生进行问卷调查.结果 ①独立学院护生心理问题的检出率为16.7％,主要体现在强迫、人际敏感、抑郁和精神病性.②负性生活事件与护生心理健康密切相关(r=0.175～0.487,P＜ 0.01).③学习压力、健康适应、对护理专业不满意及人际关系对心理症状有正性预测作用,可以解释总变异的32.8％.结论 独立学院护生的心理问题较多,首先应减轻其学业负担,注重人际关系训练,加强专业思想教育,尽快适应校园生活,促进心理健康.     

新乡市大学生心理健康与紧张性生活事件及应付方式的关系

目的　探讨紧张性生活事件、应付方式与大学生心理健康之间的关系 ,为进一步科学地传授心理健康知识提供依据。方法　以新乡市 3所高校 6 0 7名一年级大学生为研究对象 ,用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、紧张性生活事件评定量表、简易应付方式问卷 ,分别评定其心理健康水平、心理压力和应对方式。结果　 6 0 7名大学生有心理症状 ,占 14 .99% ;心理问题组紧张性生活事件的压力明显高于对照组(P <0 .0 5) ;心理问题组消极应对因子分高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ;积极因子两组无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;心理问题组SCL - 90总分和消极应对因子分呈正相关 ,与积极应对因子分呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　紧张性生活事件和应对方式都是影响大学生心理健康的重要因素。     

Reducing the Impact of Uncontrollable Stressful Life Events Through a Program of Nurse Home Visitation for New Parents

The current study examined whether the Nurse Family Partnership (NFP), an intervention in which mothers received home visitation by registered nurses pre- and postnatally, reduced mothers' vulnerability to the effects of stressful life events several years after the program was completed. Data from a randomized trial of the NFP were examined for mothers (N = 324) who were generally low-income, young, and unmarried at the time of the birth of their first child. Structured interviews were done with mothers about 15 years after the program began. Results showed that experiencing uncontrollable stressful life events, such as the death of a loved one, led to fewer negative outcomes (fewer mental health problems, less binge drinking, and better parenting practices) among nurse-visited mothers than among mothers receiving no visitation. Furthermore, the program's effect on reducing vulnerability to the negative impact of life events was particularly evident among parents who were younger or had a lower sense of personal control at intake. These findings suggest that, in addition to preventing the occurrence of negative outcomes that were direct targets of the intervention, the NFP more generally enhanced mothers' ability to cope with future stressful life events.

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产前抑郁水平与社会支持及生活事件相互关系研究

目的了解产前抑郁现状及其与社会支持、生活事件的关系,为做好孕期心理保健工作提供基础资料。方法采用自评抑郁量表（SDS）、社会支持量表（SSRS）和生活事件量表（LES）,选取在越秀区孕妇学校学习的619名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果抑郁发生率为30．7％,其中轻度为22．9％,中度为7．o％,重度为0．8％。孕前抑郁水平与社会支持总和、客观支持和支持利用显著负相关（r=-0．174,-0．290,-0．129,P〈0．05）,与生活事件总刺激、家庭有关问题和负性事件显著正相关（r=0．126,0．104,0．125,P〈0．05）;多元回归分析表明：客观支持是产前抑郁的保护因素。负性生活事件则是其危险因素。结论提供良好的社会支持,减少生活事件的刺激,将有助于减少产前抑郁的发生。     

Women's Perceptions of the Relationship Between Recent Life Events,Transitions, and Diet in Midlife: Findings from a Focus Group Study

Research indicates that history and early life events and trajectories influence women's dietary behaviors. Yet the social context in which recent life changes occur requires greater understanding, particularly regarding changes that embody the interconnectedness of women and their families, and how those changes affect women's dietary decisions and behaviors. The data presented here were the product of eight focus groups conducted in one Maryland county in the fall of 2009. The participants were 43 women with limited financial resources aged 40–64 years. In this analysis, the researchers focus on women's perceptions of the relation of recent life transitions and events to the dietary decisions they made for themselves and their families. The findings suggested that transitions and events related to household structure, health status, phases of motherhood, and shifts in financial and employment status all had the potential to have profound and immediate effects on women's dietary decisions and resulting dietary behaviors. The focus group data was used to consider implications for developing intervention strategies designed to improve self-efficacy and negotiation skills around dietary issues as a means of promoting healthy decision making among women in midlife, particularly in times of familial upheaval and in circumstances where financial resources are limited.     

Stressful life events, smoking behavior, and intentions to smoke among and multiethnic sample of sixth graders

Objectives. Adolescent smoking has been associated with stressful life events. However, few studies have examined the associations between stress, smoking intentions, and smoking behavior among a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Methods. We compiled a checklist of stressful life events relevant to multiethnic youth and administered it to 1,074 sixth-grade students in urban Los Angeles. Results. The most frequently reported stressful events were similar across ethnic groups and generations in the USA: test taking, chores, and arguments with friends. The events reported as the most severe were disturbances in family life, such as: death, arguments between parents, and illness or injury. Whites and Latinos had reported higher levels of ever smoking and intentions to smoke than Asian/Pacific Islanders (PIs). On the positive family-related events scale Latinos scored higher than did whites or Asian/PIs. Whites scored higher than Latinos or Asian/PIs on both negative peer-related and negative personal-related events. Associations were observed between total stress, stressful life events, and smoking behavior and intention to smoke. Total stress was associated with ever smokers, smoking intentions within the next year and in high school over the entire sample. Negative peer-related events were associated with intention to smoke within the next year, among Latinos. Among Asian/PIs negative peer-related events were associated with intention to smoke within the next year and in high school. Negative school-related events were significantly associated with ever smoking and intentions to smoke in the next year and marginally associated with intentions to smoke in high school among children born in the USA whose parents were also born in the USA. Negative peer-related events and positive personal-related events were significantly associated with intentions to smoke in the next year among children born in the USA whose parents were immigrants. Conclusions. Results suggest that negative peer- and school-related events may lead to increased risk of smoking behavior and intentions to smoke among multicultural adolescents.     

医科大学生应激生活事件及应对方式分析

[目的]了解医科院校大学生主要心理应激源、应激反应及应对方式,为开展大学生心理健康教育提供依据.[方法]采用学生生活应激问卷和特质应对方式问卷对某医科院校348名大学生进行测试.[结果]医学生面临的主要心理应激问题是自我强化、各种压力以及外界突然的变化,情绪反应是医学生心理应激反应的主要表现;应对方式与应激反应存在显著相关.[结论]大学生心理应激问题是由其内部因素和外部因素共同作用所形成,应对方武会影响其身心健康.应有针对性地在医学生中开展心理健康教育,提高他们的适应能力.     

军校医学生应激性生活事件与应对方式的相关研究

目的　探讨军校医学生应激生活事件与应对方式的关系 ,为军校开展心理卫生教育提供依据。方法　采用青少年生活事件量表 (ASLEC)和应付方式问卷测试某军校医学生 1 56名。结果　生活事件的应激量与成熟应付方式 (解决问题与求助因子 )呈负相关或无相关 ;与不成熟及混合应付方式呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。男女生比较 ,男生大多数生活事件应激量小于女生 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;自责、幻想、退避应付因子女生得分高于男生 (P <0 .0 5)。女生生活事件应激量大多与不成熟和混合应付方式呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,与成熟方式呈负相关。男生部分事件应激量与不成熟应付方式呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1或 <0 .0 5) ,与成熟和混合方式呈负相关或弱相关。结论　不成熟的应付方式与生活事件的应激量正相关。矫正学员应付方式是军校心理卫生教育的内容之一。     

负性生活事件对急性冠脉综合征患者住院预后的影响

目的：探讨负性生活事件对急性冠脉综合症患者住院预后的影响。方法：对笔者所在医院2008年1月-2010年1月收治住院的初发急性冠脉综合征患者进行负性生活事件的问卷调查,并结合患者的临床特征、住院治疗情况及并发症的发生率,按照近6个月以来患者家庭发生或者正在发生的负性生活事件种类进行分组,对其并发症发生率,疾病转归进行数据统计。结果：相同的治疗时间、相同治疗方案情况下,负性生活事件越多,急性冠脉综合征的预后就越差（P〈0．01）。结论：负性生活事件作为独立的冠心病危险因素不但在疾病的诱发方面有影响,而且对患者的预后也显著相关。如何有效的减少负性生活事件的影响是值得关注的问题。     

高职院校贫困生生活事件与应对方式对主观幸福感的影响

目的 通过探讨生活事件及应对方式对主观幸福感影响机制和途径问题,为提高贫困大学生的主观幸福感水平及维护其心理健康提供更科学有效的理论依据.方法 对浙江省7所高职院校贫困生的生活事件、应对方式及主观幸福感做相关问卷调查并数据分析.结果 贫困生的正负性生活事件与主观幸福感存在相关(r =0.172,P＜0.05,r =-0.245,P＜0.01),主观幸福感总分与应对方式中的5个因子存在显著的相关(相关系数r在0.206到0.377之间,P＜0.05),正负性生活事件与应对方式存在相关,解决问题维度与奖励与成功、经济和身体变好、正性其它成显著正相关(r在0.253到0.367之间,P＜0.01),自责与惩罚与失败呈显著正相关(r=0.224,p＜0.001),应对方式在高职院校贫困生生活事件对主观幸福感的影响中起到中介作用(β在0.172到0.375之间,t值在2.02到5.05之间,P＜0.05).结论 生活事件是影响贫困生主观幸福感的重要因素,不同的应对方式会对主观幸福感产生影响.     

Stressful events, smoking exposure and other maternal risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased significantly in the last few decades in the US. Understanding its risk factors is imperative for the prevention of GDM and its sequelae, but the roles of behavioural risk factors such as stressful events and smoking on GDM are generally not well understood. Using data obtained from the New York State (NYS) Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey for 2004-06 and the NYS birth certificates, we examined relationships between GDM, stressful events and smoking among 2690 women who had live singleton births and did not have pre-pregnancy diabetes. After adjustment for risk factors such as maternal age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, hypertension, as well as smoking exposure, education, parity, and gestation at first visit for prenatal care, we found that having five or more stressful events 12 months before the baby was born was significantly associated with GDM (OR = 2.49, [95% CI 1.49, 4.16]). In another model, having any stressful event(s) other than 'moved to a new address' 12 months before the baby was born was also moderately associated with GDM (OR = 1.38, [95% CI 1.04, 1.85]). Smoking exposure, assessed by combining maternal smoking and second-hand smoke exposure into six levels, had no significant association with GDM, and did not show a dose-response pattern. The present study suggests that stressful events during pregnancy may be an independent risk factor for GDM. Future studies of GDM should include this common, but potentially modifiable risk factor in analyses.     

中国30~79岁成年人负性生活事件与抑郁关联的性别差异研究

目的 研究中国30~79岁成年人负性生活事件与抑郁关联的性别差异。方法 对来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目基线调查的512 891名研究对象进行分析。采用多元logistic回归模型,分别计算男、女性经历3类（家庭相关、经济相关和其他）10项负性生活事件（SLEs）与抑郁之间的相对风险比（RRR）及其95% CI,计算经历SLEs数量与抑郁之间的剂量反应关系;并探索性别在SLEs与抑郁之间的效应修饰作用。结果 家庭相关事件、经济相关事件和其他事件3类SLEs的发生率为6.8%、1.2%、0.9%。女性家庭相关事件发生率高,男性经济相关及其他事件发生率高（P<0.001）。调整其他影响因素后,男性经历SLEs与抑郁发作的RRR值（95% CI）为11.99（10.49~13.71）,与出现抑郁症状的RRR值（95% CI）为7.43（6.94~7.95）;女性经历SLEs与抑郁发作的RRR值（95% CI）为14.15（12.97~15.43）,与出现抑郁症状的RRR值（95% CI）为8.30（7.91~8.72）。不同性别的SLEs与抑郁症状和抑郁发作的关联差异存在有统计学意义（交互作用P=0.049）。在3类SLEs中,家庭相关事件与抑郁的关联在女性中更强（交互作用P<0.001）。随着经历10项SLEs个数增多,其与抑郁发作和抑郁症状的RRR值增大。结论 中国成年人负性生活事件与抑郁的关联存在性别差异,其中家庭相关事件对女性的影响更大。经历负性生活事件个数越多,越容易发生抑郁。     

Stressful life events and disability in early rheumatoid arthritis

The objective was to investigate the relationship of stressfullife events and disability in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA),taking into account a possible stress-buffering effect of thesocial network. As part of a European study (EURIDISS), 337early RA patients in France and The Netherlands (mean diseaseduration = 2.3 years) were interviewed for life events whichhad occurred in the past year. The social network compositionwas assessed using a standardized interview schedule and describedby network density and proximity characteristics. Disabilitywas assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)cross-culturally adapted to the French and Dutch languages.Subjects reported a median of 2 significant life events overthe past year. On average they had 20 persons in their socialnetwork. The disability was significantly higher when the numberof life events experienced was higher (r = 0.11; p<0.05)and when the number of social network members in monthly contactwith the subjects was lower (r = –0.13; p<0.05). Controllingfor country, the HAQ score increased significantly with thedisease duration, disease activity variables, number of lifeevents related to RA or to another health problem and decreasedwith the number of social network members. A significant (numberof health-related life events)x(number of social network members)cross-product term entered the model which fitted the data better(R² =0.51). Factors associated with disability are disease duration,disease activity, number of health-related life events and numberof social network members in monthly contact. The results suggesta stress-buffering effect of the social network in coping withstressful life events in early RA.     

Stressful Life Events and Physical Abuse Among Pregnant Women in North Carolina

Objectives: This study estimates the prevalence of stressful life events and physical abuse among North Carolina women prior to infant delivery, and examines potential associations between abuse and the other stressors. Methods: Data were from the North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a statewide representative survey of over 2,600 postpartum women. The survey assessed women's sociodemographic characteristics and their experiences of physical abuse and 13 other stressful life events before delivery. The prevalences of each life event and abuse were estimated. Logistic regression modeled the probability of women having high levels of stressful life events in relation to physical abuse and sociodemographics. Results: Most women were married, white, high school graduates, aged 20 or older. The most common stressful life events were residential moves, increased arguing with husbands/partners, family member hospitalizations, financial hardship, and deaths of loved ones. Fourteen percent of women had high levels of stressful events (5 or more), and almost 9% were physically abused. Abuse was positively associated with increased arguing with husbands/partners, physical fighting, having someone close with an alcohol/drug problem, becoming separated/divorced, and financial hardship. Logistic regression analysis showed that a high level of stressful life events was significantly more likely among women abused both before and during pregnancy (OR = 11.94) and among women abused before but not during pregnancy (OR = 14.19). Conclusions: The high frequency of multiple stressful events and abuse in women's lives suggests that women's care providers should ask their patients about these issues, and offer appropriate referral/interventions to those in need.     

A Comparison of the Occurrence and Perceived Stress of Major Life Events in Black and White Women

Purpose: To describe the occurrence and perceived stress of major life events, and to investigate whether adjusting for socioeconomic status reduced race/ethnicity differences.

Methods: Black (n = 639) and white (n = 419) women aged 35–49 years responded to 14 major life event questions within the domains of employment, health, relationship, finance, residential change, and crime.

Main Findings: The total number of life events did not differ by race/ethnicity, but black women reported significantly more events in the domains of relationship, financial, and residential change than white women. White women generally reported higher stress for a given event than black women, although for “residential change” black women reported more severe stress than the white women.

Conclusions: Inclusion of both the occurrence and perceived stress of major life events can improve our understanding of how this stressor may affect health.     

Stressful life events, resources, and access: key considerations in quitting smoking at an Aboriginal Medical Service

OBJECTIVE: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience adverse health outcomes and have high rates of smoking and related illnesses. This brief report describes stress as a barrier to quitting smoking derived from reflections within an Aboriginal Medical Service and makes recommendations for intervention development. METHODS: A high-intensity smoking cessation program was conducted within a suburban Aboriginal Medical Service in Western Sydney, Australia, over a 10-month period. The intervention included weekly cessation counselling sessions and dispensation of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). RESULTS: During the observation period, 32 clients made quit attempts. To date, three clients (9%) have quit smoking. Chronic and intercurrent life stressors were noted to be the main barriers to smoking cessation described by participants. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving smoking cessation among Indigenous people is made significantly more complex because of multiple life stressors experienced. IMPLICATIONS: Future interventions targeting Indigenous Australians should take greater account of stressful life events and their impact on quitting smoking.     

Stressful Life Events Among New Mothers in Georgia: Variation by Race,Ethnicity and Nativity

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Prior research has identified psychosocial stress as a risk factor for adverse maternal and infant outcomes for non-Hispanic Black and White women. However,...