负压封闭引流技术在介入治疗后皮肤坏死软组织缺损中的应用

目的：探讨负压封闭引流技术在介入治疗后皮肤坏死软组织缺损创面的治疗作用。方法：对22例介入治疗后有皮肤软组织缺损坏死的患者采用负压封闭引流装置治疗,并在每次更换负压装置时进行清创。经过15～40天,平均28天的治疗后,部分患者在创面上行二期游离皮片或皮瓣转移修复术。结果：22例患者经过治疗后创面清洁、面积缩小、肉芽生长迅速,16例患者在负压引流治疗后创面直接上皮化愈合,6例患者经过游离皮片移植或皮瓣转移修复后愈合。结论：自制简易负压吸引结合间断清创能够减少创面污染、促进肉芽组织生长、加速创面愈合,还可为二期手术创造条件,缩短术前准备时间,且减轻患者痛苦及医务人员工作量。     

负压封闭引流技术在创面愈合应用中的护理措施

目的:探讨负压封闭引流技术在烧伤矫形科创面愈合中的应用效果及护理措施。方法:对47例患者彻底清洁创面后行负压封闭术治疗7~33d。结果:经负压封闭引流技术后,感染得到控制,骨外露面积逐渐缩小,引导肉芽组织覆盖创面后植皮,全部愈合。结论:负压封闭引流刺激创面促进新鲜肉芽的生长,加速伤口愈合,提高了治愈率,密切的观察和全方位的护理是成功的关键。     

远端蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣联合封闭负压吸引技术在胫骨远端钢板外露中的临床应用

目的 探讨远端蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣联合封闭负压吸引技术在胫骨远端钢板外露中的临床应用效果.方法 2008年1月至2010年7月,对7例7侧胫骨远端骨折术后出现皮肤软组织缺损合并钢板外露的患者采用远端蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣联合封闭负压吸引技术进行治疗.患者于钢板外露后7 ～26d接受封闭负压吸引.术后7～ 14d,创面行远端蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣覆盖.创面缺损面积4cm ×2cm～13cm ×4cm.结果 创面封闭负压吸引平均1.3次.经负压吸引后,创面肉芽组织生长良好.所有创面均行远端蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣覆盖,皮瓣面积6cm×3cm～15 cm×6 cm.其中6例患者,术后皮瓣完全成活,1例出现皮瓣远端边缘部分坏死.术后4～6个月,X线证实骨折愈合.所有皮瓣与受区愈合良好,无骨髓炎及慢性窦道形成等并发症.结论 远端蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣联合封闭负压吸引技术在治疗胫骨远端钢板外露中能达到保留钢板、覆盖创面的目的.     

高负压封闭引流技术治疗脊柱内固定术后感染的临床疗效

目的：评价高负压封闭引流（VSD）技术治疗脊柱术后感染的临床疗效。方法：应用VSD技术治疗脊柱术后感染19例。每例患者应用VSD技术处理创面1～4次,每次引流5～7d。结果：19例患者中7例经1次引流术后创面清洁,肉芽组织生长满意,即予一期缝合,10例行2次引流后直接缝合伤口,1例行3次引流后缝合伤口,1例行4次引流后死腔方消灭,停用VSD,常规换药6周后创面愈合。19例患者中12例内固定得以保留,7例患者去除内固定后创面愈合。结论：VSD技术治疗脊柱术后感染具有较好的临床疗效。     

负压封闭引流技术在胸部深部感染性创腔创面治疗中的应用

目的:探讨负压封闭引流技术(vaeuum assisted closure,VAC)用于肺部术后胸部深部感染性创腔创面的治疗效果。方法:入选因行肺叶切除术后遗留感染性创腔创面共10例,清创后安装VAC装置,采用100~125mm Hg负压及持续吸引模式治疗,有手术指征者转整形外科治疗至愈合。观察治疗后伤口肉芽覆盖和治愈情况。结果:负压封闭引流技术(VAC)治疗后伤口治愈率80%(8/10),平均愈合时间(18±3.2)d,其中1例转整形外科手术治愈,1例行清创缝合出院。结论:VAC治疗对胸部深部创腔创面治疗有效,促进创腔的封闭、肉芽组织生长和伤口愈合。     

负压辅助下保留内固定治疗骨折术后感染12例分析

目的研究封闭负压引流技术在治疗骨折内固定术后感染中的临床疗效。方法对2012年1月至2014年1月因骨折内固定术后感染在济南军区总医院进行治疗的12例患者进行分析。采用清创,应用封闭负压引流敷料覆盖创面,负压吸引治疗7~21 d后,拆除敷料然后行直接缝合皮肤、游离植皮或行皮瓣转移修复术进行治疗,并分析疗效。结果 4例行封闭负压引流治疗1周,7例行封闭负压引流治疗2周,1例行封闭负压引流治疗3周。创面感染控制后5例直接缝合伤口或任其自然愈合,3例直接中厚皮片植皮,4例行局部皮瓣转移修复创面。经随访3~12个月,创面均愈合良好,无再次感染或窦道形成。结论封闭负压引流技术能彻底清除创面的分泌物和坏死组织,刺激肉芽生长,快速控制感染,明显缩短骨折内固定术后感染治疗时间,减少了发展为骨髓炎的概率,效果显著。     

整形外科复杂创面的负压吸引治疗

目的：探讨局部负压吸引技术处理整形外科复杂创面的方法和效果。方法：总结2007年～2009年笔者因复杂创面采用负压治疗的患者53例,男性33例,女性20例,年龄26～7l岁,创面面积6cm2～80cm2。结果：2例负压治疗后,新生上皮组织覆盖创面,治疗开始至愈合时间均为21天;51例行负压治疗后创面情况明显改善,二期行植皮或组织瓣转移等常规方法关闭创面（其中15例负压治疗后行全麻下清创）,术后创面均一期愈合,治疗时间最短者14天,最长者30天,平均治疗时间19天。结论：负压治疗是创面治疗的一次新进展,操作简便,易于掌握,能够彻底去除创面分泌物和坏死组织,优化创面条件,为整形修复提供良好组织基础,加速创面愈合。     

封闭负压引流治疗老年下肢慢性皮肤溃疡的临床观察

目的:观察封闭负压引流技术治疗老年下肢慢性皮肤溃疡的临床疗效.方法:下肢慢性皮肤溃疡在局麻或无麻醉下进行清创,按伤口大小和形状裁剪封闭负压引流(VSD)材料覆盖伤口创面,持续引流,7天拆除,伤口为新鲜肉芽组织后改为换药治疗,直到伤口愈合.结果:本组103例老年下肢慢性皮肤溃疡经1～4次封闭负压引流,伤口创面肉芽组织新鲜,经换药后创面愈合,随访6个月,伤口处瘢痕不明显,部分局部稍凹陷.结论:封闭负压引流技术治疗老年下肢慢性皮肤溃疡操作简单,损伤小,缩短了疗程,疗效肯定,值得临床应用.     

便携式负压封闭吸引技术治疗压疮创面

目的：探索便携式负压封闭吸引技术治疗压疮创面的效果。方法：2009年9月～2010年9月利用便携式负压吸引瓶,治疗深度压疮创面19例。治疗方法：先将创面清创后,用负压封闭吸引技术覆盖伤口,给以持续创面冲洗,接便携式负压瓶家中持续冲洗引流。结果：本组19例中14例在1周内生长出新鲜的肉芽组织,一次手术修复成功。5例感染较重,负压吸引1周后生长出新鲜肉芽组织,更换泡沫海绵后继续负压吸引、封闭冲洗约7天左右肉芽组织完全覆盖创面,行游离植皮或皮瓣修复一次成活。结论：便携式负压封闭吸引技术治疗压疮创面,方法简便易行,无需医院专业中心负压设备,方便快捷,缩短住院日内待术日期,为患者节约治疗费用,效果可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

封闭负压引流技术在手足部软组织撕脱伤缺损治疗中的应用

目的探讨封闭负压引流(VSD)技术在手足部软组织撕脱伤缺损治疗中的作用。方法采用VSD技术结合二期手术治疗46例手足部软组织撕脱伤缺损患者。软组织缺损面积3 cm×4 cm～7 cm×20 cm。结果患者均获得随访,时间3～81个月。患者创面全部治愈,无全身及局部毒性反应。VSD治疗时间为5～22 d。二期处理:22例创面直接缝合,20例行游离皮片移植,4例行游离皮瓣移植修复。二期创面愈合时间17～34 d。皮瓣均一期成活,1例外观稍臃肿,其余皮瓣外形好;感觉及耐磨功能基本恢复正常,手足部外形恢复满意。结论应用VSD技术治疗,肉芽组织生长快速、稳定,有利于创面早期修复,是治疗手足部软组织撕脱伤缺损简便有效的方法。     

后腹腔镜术后穿刺孔延迟愈合的处理（附25例报告）

目的：探讨后腹腔镜术后穿刺孔延迟愈合的处理措施。方法：回顾性分析2003年1月-2008年12月行后腹腔镜肾脏及肾上腺手术患者689例的临床资料：术后发生穿刺孔延迟愈合25例，占3．63％。其中单纯伤口闭合不良12例，腹壁窦道形成8例，后腹腔皮肤瘘形成5例。运用湿性愈合方法处理单纯伤口闭合不良；使用带侧孔探针注生理盐水冲洗腹壁窦道；采用生理盐水特制棉签擦洗后腹腔皮肤瘘。清创期窦道伤口使用条状美盐（mesalt），每天换药1次，连续使用1～5天，伤口分泌物减少，过渡到肉芽增生期，窦道深度小于3cm，根据渗出物的多少选择藻酸盐类或水胶体糊剂填塞伤口，换药间隔3～5天。1例后腹腔皮肤瘘伴脓肿患者采用封闭式负压引流（VAC）辅助伤口愈合，4～6天换药1次。结果：5～10天，单纯闭合不良伤口愈合；10～15天，腹壁窦道伤口愈合；20-32天，后腹腔皮肤瘘伤口愈合。结论：湿性愈合适用于后腹腔镜术后穿刺孔延迟愈合，尤其是深腔和窦道感染伤口，是需要填补缺损的延期愈合伤口的标准非手术愈合方式。正确地评估伤口，并根据评估结果准确选择伤口敷料可缩短炎症期，缩短伤口愈合时间。美盐有利于坏死组织溶解与吸收，促进伤口清创，缩短炎症期过程，加速伤口愈合。     

The management of the postoperative disrupted abdominal wall

BACKGROUND: Dehisced abdominal wounds are common. Their management is generally difficult and often prolonged, with incisional hernias a common occurrence. A new technique is presented that results in accelerated delayed primary healing with full thickness skin and subcutaneous tissue coverage. METHODS: The technique involves a combination of vigorous wound toilette, the judicious use of sutures and tissue expansion produced by the application of specially designed external tissue expanders. Gradual approximation of the wound edges is achieved and final suture allows closure by full thickness skin and subcutaneous tissue. RESULTS: Sixteen patients, 10 with one or more intestinal fistula, developed abdominal wall dehiscences. At discharge all wounds were closed, from 2 days in wounds averaging 12 x 5 cm to 18 days in a 29 x 24 cm wound. The follow-up, both in numbers and length, was limited for various reasons. CONCLUSIONS: The technique appears to be generally successful. The simplicity allows easy learning and may avoid a major operative procedure. Accelerated delayed primary closure by full thickness skin and subcutaneous tissue has considerable economic benefits for the patient and the health service.     

跟腱外露难愈创面的封闭式负压吸引治疗

目的:总结封闭式负压引流(vacuum-assisted closure,VAC)技术治疗跟腱外露创面的良好效果,为这类创面修复提供更好的治疗方法。方法:2007年1月~2014年3月,笔者应用VAC治疗18例跟腱外露患者,其中跟腱断裂术后9例,车祸伤4例,重物卡压伤2例,钢绳切割伤1例,Ⅲ度烧伤1例,Ⅲ度电击伤1例。围手术期准备后,尽快手术扩创,行创面VAC治疗。结果:所有创面经VAC治疗后,创面明显缩小,肉芽生长迅速,部分或全部覆盖外露肌腱,其中12例全部被肉芽组织覆盖,行薄中厚皮片移植修复,11例患者一期愈合。余仍有部分肌腱外露者,5例行邻近皮瓣修复,全部一期愈合;1例行人工真皮加自体刃厚皮片移植一次性修复,所有创面一期愈合率达94.4%。所有患者均随访6月~3年,无复发,局部无挛缩,功能恢复良好。结论:VAC治疗跟腱外露难愈创面,明显缩短疗程,有效防治肌腱坏死,减少手术创伤及治疗疼痛,提高愈合质量。     

Role of different negative pressure values in the process of infected wounds treated by vacuum‐assisted closure: an experimental study

Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) device is widely used to treat infected wounds in clinical work. Although the effect of VAC with different negative pressure values is well established, whether different negative pressures could result in varying modulation of wound relative cytokines was not clear. We hypothesise that instead of the highest negative pressure value the suitable value for VAC is the one which is the most effective on regulating wound relative cytokines. Infected wounds created on pigs' back were used to investigate the effects of varying negative pressure values of VAC devices. Wounds were treated with VAC of different negative pressure values or moist gauze, which was set as control. The VAC foam, semiocclusive dresses and moist gauze were changed on days 3, 5, 7 and 9 after wounds were created. When changing dressings, tissues from wounds were harvested for bacteria count and histology examination including Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemistry for microvessels. Western blot was carried out to test the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results showed that on days 3 and 5 the number of bacteria in wounds treated by VAC with 75, 150, 225 and 300 mmHg was significantly decreased compared with that in wounds treated by gauze and 0 mmHg pressure value. However, there was no difference in wounds treated with negative pressure values of 75 , 150, 225 and 300 mmHg at any time spot. Immunohistochemistry showed that more microvessels were generated in wounds treated by VAC using 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure comparing with that using 225 and 300 mmHg on days 3 and 5. However this difference vanished on days 7 and 9. Morphological evaluation by Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen deposition in VAC of 75 and 150 mmHg compared with that in VAC of 225 and 300 mmHg. Western blot showed that the expression of VEGF and bFGF significantly increased when the wounds treated with 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure values compared with the wounds treated with 225 and 300 mmHg on day 5. Treatment using VAC with different negative pressure values more than 75 mmHg has similar efficiency on reducing bacteria in the infected wound. VAC with negative pressure values of 75 and 150 mmHg promote wound healing more quickly than other pressure values. Moreover, comparing with vigorous negative pressure, relatively moderate pressures contribute to wound healing via accelerated granulation growth, increased angiogenic factor production and improved collagen fibre deposition. Further study of this model may show other molecular mechanisms.     

功能部位皮肤软组织缺损创面治疗的新选择

目的：总结封闭式负压引流（vacuum-assisted closure, VAC）技术联合人工真皮（PELNAC）治疗功能部位皮肤软组织缺损创面的良好效果,推广该治疗方法的『陆床应用。方法：2008年3月-2011年12月,笔者应用VAC联合FELNAC治疗11例患者13处创面,其中车祸伤9例、自行车辐条搅伤1例、过山车滚轮碾压伤1例,所有创面均位于下肢,均为关节功能部位创面,9例有深部组织外露,伴有不同程度的关节功能障碍。围手术期行全身支持治疗,尽快扩创,行VAC治疗,创面肉芽组织生长新鲜后行PELNAC移植,PELNAC血管化后,行自体刃厚皮片移植。结果：所有创面经VAC治疗后,肉芽组织生长迅速,部分或完全覆盖深部外露组织,行PELNAC加自体刃厚皮片移植,12处创面一次性愈合,总治愈率为92．3％。随访半年-3年,创面愈合后无明显瘢痕增生,外观较好,功能佳。结论：VAC联合人工真皮治疗功能部深创面,明显缩短疗程,提高愈合质量,值得进一步推广使用。     

封闭负压引流技术对创面愈合过程中原癌基因表达的影响

目的 研究封闭负压引流技术(vacuum-assisted closure，VAC)对启动创面愈合过程和减少细胞凋亡的作用。方法 用免疫组化法检测猪急性皮肤缺损创面和人慢性创面原癌基因c-myc、c-jun和Bcl-2表达变化，计算阳性表达细胞数和标记指数，观察创面愈合过程。结果 ①VAC治疗组猪急性皮肤缺损创面清洁无明显渗出，第6天即有较多新生上皮和肉芽组织，25d完全愈合。对照组创面有较多渗出和血痂，第6天出现少量新生上皮和肉芽组织，30d愈合。伤后即刻c-myc、c-jun和Bcl-2表达量少，主要位于基底细胞的胞浆或胞核，伤后及VAC治疗后表达迅速显著增加，但表达至峰值后迅速下降。在伤后或VAC治疗后的12d内实验组表达始终高于对照组。②人慢性创面VAC治疗后分泌物明显减少，较快形成健康的肉芽组织。c-jun主要表达在表皮基底细胞、真皮成纤维细胞和炎性细胞的胞浆，VAC治疗后阳性细胞数和标记指数显著减少。c-myc和Bcl-2主要表达在基底细胞的胞浆，VAC治疗后表达量显著增多，标记指数显著增大。结论 VAC能快速启动猪急性皮肤创面和人慢性创面的愈合过程，减少修复细胞凋亡，使创面愈合加速。     

The evaluation of subatmospheric pressure and hyperbaric oxygen in ischemic full-thickness wound healing

We evaluated the efficacy of subatmospheric pressure and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) as adjuncts in the treatment of hypoxic full-thickness wounds in a rabbit model. We hypothesized that subatmospheric pressure and HBO independently are effective in improving wound healing in the ischemic wound model and that when they are used in combination there is an increased positive effect on wound healing. Using a standard ischemic wound model four full-thickness wounds were created on each ear of 41 male New Zealand white rabbits (N = 82 ears). On each rabbit one ear was dressed with the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device and connected to suction; the other was dressed identically without the suction and suction tubing. Twenty rabbits were treated with HBO daily for 10 days at 2.0 atmospheres absolute for 90 minutes plus descent and ascent times. Necropsy on all rabbits was performed on postoperative day 10. Four ischemic wound treatment groups were evaluated: Group 1 (N = 21) VAC dressing alone; Group 2 (N = 20) VAC dressing plus HBO; Group 3 (N = 21) VAC dressing to suction alone; and Group 4 (N = 20) VAC dressing to suction and HBO. Using light microscopy a veterinary pathologist blinded to treatment groups quantified peak granulation tissue, granulation tissue gap, and epithelialization tissue gap. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with significance indicated by P < 0.05. Statistical significance was found in a comparison of VAC dressing to suction and VAC dressing alone for peak granulation tissue and granulation tissue gap both with and without use of HBO. VAC device use appears to increase the rate of healing in a rabbit ischemic wound model. HBO therapy did not significantly affect the rate of healing in this model.     

Effects of vacuum-assisted closure therapy on inguinal wound edge microvascular blood flow

Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy has been shown to facilitate wound healing. Data on the mechanisms are scarce, although beneficial effects on blood flow and granulation tissue formation have been presented. In the current study, laser Doppler was used to measure microvascular blood flow to an inguinal wound in pigs during VAC therapy (-50 to -200 mmHg), including consideration of the different tissue types and the distance from the wound edge. VAC treatment induced an increase in microvascular blood flow a few centimeters from the wound edge. The increase in blood flow occurred closer to the wound edge in muscular as compared to subcutaneous tissue (1.5 cm and 3 cm, at -75 mmHg). In the immediate proximity to the wound edge, blood flow was decreased. This hypoperfused zone was increased with decreasing pressure and was especially prominent in subcutaneous as compared to muscular tissue (0-1.9 cm vs. 0-1.0 cm, at -100 mmHg). When VAC therapy was terminated, blood flow increased multifold, which may be due to reactive hyperemia. In conclusion, VAC therapy affects microvascular blood flow to the wound edge and may thereby promote wound healing. A low negative pressure during treatment may be beneficial, especially in soft tissue, to minimize possible ischemic effects. Intermittent VAC therapy may further increase blood flow.     

The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of a large infected facial wound

Chronic wounds in difficult locations pose constant challenges to health care providers. Negative-pressure wound therapy is a relatively new treatment to promote wound healing. Laboratory and clinical studies have shown that the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy increases wound blood flow, granulation tissue formation, and decreases accumulation of fluid and bacteria. VAC therapy has been shown to hasten wound closure and formation of granulation tissue in a variety of settings. Accepted indications for VAC therapy include the infected sternum, open abdomen, chronic, nonhealing extremity wounds and decubitus ulcers. We report the first case of VAC therapy successfully used on a large infected wound to the face to promote healing.