The relationship between yoga involvement,mindfulness and psychological well-being

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine how different levels of yoga involvement are related to different parameters of mental health and illness.Design and settingA total sample of 455 participants (410 females) were investigated by means of an internet survey. 362 yoga practitioners (327 females) rated their degree of yoga involvement on the Yoga Immersion Scale. A control group was comprised of 93 gymnastics practitioners (83 females).Main outcome measuresAll participants completed the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being, the Freiburger Mindfulness Inventory and the Brief Symptom Inventory for psychiatric symptoms.ResultsHighly involved yoga practitioners exhibited a significantly increased amount of mindfulness and religious/spiritual well-being (both p < 0.01) and lower psychiatric symptoms such as depression (p < 0.01) compared to those who were only marginally/moderately yoga-involved or who were in the gymnastics control group.ConclusionsIn accordance with the literature, yoga practice might have its biggest impact on mental health when it is part of a practitioner’s worldview. Further research focusing on the impact of yoga involvement in clinical groups is encouraged.     

晚期肺癌患者心理痛苦状况及影响因素分析

目的探讨晚期肺癌患者在入院时、症状加重时的心理痛苦程度,并分析其影响因素。方法使用自制的一般资料问卷、心理痛苦温度计(DT)和问题列表(PL)对64例晚期肺癌患者于入院时的一般资料、心理痛苦程度及影响因素进行调查,于症状加重化时再次调查患者的心理痛苦程度及影响因素,并对影响患者心理痛苦的因素进行分析。结果患者入院时、症状加重时DT值分别为(1.94±0.710)分、(3.95±1.240)分,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄是影响晚期肺癌患者心理痛苦的主要因素(P<0.05);症状加重时患者的心理痛苦程度检出率较高(59%)。单因素分析结果显示,患者不同年龄、职业、分期、是否有远处转移等对患者心理痛苦有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论晚期肺癌患者均存在生理、心理、社会、灵性等诸方面的痛苦,相关问题中情感问题和躯体问题是导致心理痛苦的高发问题,且症状加重时心理痛苦程度更重,医务人员在对患者进行症状管理的同时应注意患者的心理痛苦体验,予以针对性干预,制定标准化的心理痛苦管理模式,缓解患者的心理痛苦,提高患者的生活质量。     

Exploring how different types of yoga change psychological resources and emotional well-being across a single session

ObjectivesYoga demonstrates beneficial effects in many populations, yet our understanding of how yoga brings about these effects is quite limited. Among the proposed mechanisms of yoga are increasing psychological resources (mindfulness, body consciousness, self-transcendence, spiritual peace, and social connectedness) that may bring about salutary effects on emotional wellbeing. Further, yoga is a complex practice comprising meditation, active and restorative postures, and breathwork; however little is known about how different components may affect mechanisms. We aimed to determine how an acute session of yoga (and its specific components) related to pre- to post- session changes in proposed mechanisms (psychological resources) and whether those changes were associated with positive changes in emotions.Design144 regular yoga practitioners completed measures of mindfulness, body consciousness, self-transcendence, social connectedness, spiritual peace, and exercise-induced emotions (positive engagement, revitalization, tranquility, exhaustion) immediately before and after a yoga session (N = 11 sessions, each a different type of yoga). Perceived properties of each yoga session, exercise exertion and engagement with the yoga teacher were assessed immediately following the session.ResultsPre-to post- yoga, levels of positive emotions (engagement, tranquility and revitalization) increased while exhaustion decreased. Further, all psychological resources increased and closely tracked improved emotions. Additionally, aspects of the yoga session correlated with changes in psychological resources (mechanisms) and emotions.ConclusionsYoga may influence multiple psychological mechanisms that influence emotional well-being. Further, different types of yoga may affect different mechanisms. Results can inform yoga interventions aiming to optimize effects through specific mechanisms such as mindfulness or spirituality.     

Family functioning and psychological distress among Japanese breast cancer patients and families

Goals of work The purpose of this study was to develop a typology of family functioning in the families of breast cancer patients.Patients and methods Seventy-four families (189 individuals: 74 patients, 54 spouses, 46 offspring, and 15 other relatives) completed self-report questionnaires. Perception of family functioning was assessed using the family relationship index (FRI) and its three dimensions (cohesiveness, expressiveness, and conflict) and was classified into groups by a cluster analytic approach. Psychological distress was assessed using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).Main results Cluster analysis yielded three groups of patients and their family members: one cluster with high cohesiveness, high expressiveness, and low conflict (supportive type: n=64); a second group with low cohesiveness, low expressiveness, and high conflict (conflictive type: n=65); and a third group with limited cohesiveness, limited expressiveness, and low conflict (intermediate type: n=60). Analysis of variance revealed that conflictive families manifested the highest level of depression and anxiety among these clusters.Conclusions Typology of family functioning can identify psychologically at-risk families. A family-focused approach can help to reduce psychological distress, especially in conflictive families.     

自我管理对胃癌患者术后心理困扰及应对方式的影响

目的探讨自我管理对胃癌患者术后心理困扰及应对方式的影响。方法将87例手术治疗的胃癌患者随机分为两组。对照组43例予以术后常规护理,干预组44例在此基础上予自我管理干预措施。术后第2天及出院前1d发放心理困扰管理量表（DM）及癌症应对方式问卷（CCMQ）,评定干预前后心理困扰程度及应对方式状态。结果干预前干预组与对照组、心理困扰及应对方式方面得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。干预后,干预组心理困扰得分（3．27±1．853）低于对照组（4．03±1．825）分,得分差异有统计学意义（t=-2．117,P〈0．05）。应对方式各维度中,干预组面对维度得分（19．86±3．965）高于对照组（17．48±3．328）,差异有统计学意义（t=4．301,P〈0．01）,干预组回避压抑得分（10．16±3．277）、屈服得分（8．15±2．542）,幻想维度得分（6．71zl：2．494）均低于对照组（11．40±2．642）,（8．75±2．564）,（8．36±2．386）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为-2．334,-1．069,-3．621;P〈0．05）。结论自我管理干预措施可以降低胃癌患者术后心理困扰程度、优化其应对方式,具备临床实践可行性。     

中青年晚期癌症患者心理痛苦现况分析

目的：调查中青年晚期癌症患者心理痛苦现状及影响因素。方法：采用便利抽样的方法,选取2017年1月至6月住院的284例中青年晚期癌症患者做为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷和心理痛苦管理筛查工具（DMSM）对研究对象进行问卷调查,患者入院24小时之内由研究者完成资料的收集。结果：中青年晚期癌症患者心理痛苦得分（3.55±2.70）分,心理痛苦检出率为41.5%;患者人口学特征中性别、家庭月收入对患者心理痛苦程度有影响,心理痛苦问题列表中实际问题得分最高,其次是情绪问题和身体问题,交往问题得分最低,前五位的问题分别是：经济问题（57.7%）、疲乏（32.4%）、无时间经历照顾孩子/老人（28.9%）、担忧（28.9%）、疼痛（24.6%）。结论：中青年晚期癌症患者具有较高的心理痛苦水平,提示在今后的临床工作中医务人员要给予这部分人群更多的关注及心理支持,以降低其心理痛苦水平,改善生活质量。     

Change in quality of life in Chinese women with breast cancer: changes in psychological distress as a predictor

INTRODUCTION: The effect of fluctuating psychological distress on quality of life (QoL) scores is not well delineated. We examined how changes in psychological distress affected change in QoL over time in 259 Chinese women recovering from breast cancer (BC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women were interviewed during their first postoperative outpatient visit for chemotherapy (Baseline), at 3 months (FU1), and at 6 months after Baseline (FU2). Respondents completed the Chinese version of the FACT-G version-3 scale [FACT-G (Ch)]. Psychological distress was assessed using three categorical measures of depression, mood, and boredom. Linear mixed effects (LME) models examined whether changes in psychological distress predicted subsequent changes in QoL. RESULTS: Respondents' mood improved significantly over time from baseline to FU2 (Baseline/FU2: standardized beta = -0.266, p < 0.005; FU1/FU2: standardized beta = -0.243, p < 0.005). Changes in depression scores consistently predicted subsequent changes in overall (standardized beta = 4.96; 95% CI, 3.749, 6.171, p < 0.001), physical (standardized beta = 1.752; 95% CI, 1.209, 2.294, p < 0.001), and functional (standardized beta = 0.872; 95% CI, 0.308, 1.436, p < 0.001) QoL scores. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of change in psychological distress significantly impacted physical and functional, but not social QoL in Chinese BC patients. These data highlight the need to address psychological and physical distress as part of the drive to improve physical and functional QoL for women with BC.     

Changes in psychological distress of women in long-term remission from breast cancer in two different geographical settings: a randomized study

Goals of work Psychological distress and coping styles in women diagnosed with stages I and II breast cancer have attracted substantial clinical and research attention over the last several decades. The contradictory and, at times, controversial findings stimulated the present randomized research whose purpose was to explore the possibility and probability of predicting which variables affect the psychological distress level of women with breast cancer 1 to 5 years after diagnosis (time period 1) and 6 to 8 months after period 1 (time period 2).Patients and methods The study was conducted in two large oncology centers in Graz, Austria, and Jerusalem, Israel, with a sample population comprising 424 patients.Main results The only variables that significantly predicted change in the psychological distress levels (Grand Severity Index, GSI; except for the GSI level during period 1) were Fighting Spirit (Mental Adjustment to Cancer, MAC) in the Graz sample and Perceived Family Support (PFS) in the Jerusalem sample. These results are discussed in relation to other findings.Conclusions In light of these findings, it is highly important to preliminarily identify women with less adaptive psychological coping mechanisms and to provide them with efficacy tools for behavioral and cognitive changes within their own network of social and health resources.     

Examining pain-related distress in relation to pain intensity and psychological distress

Despite frequent use of the term symptom distress in the pain literature, symptom distress is often confused with symptom intensity and psychological distress, contributing to inadequate assessment of symptoms and less than ideal symptom management. In this article we address these issues and propose a hybrid model, combining Price's interaction of pain sensation, pain unpleasantness, and secondary pain affect model with an information processing model. Recommendations on methods and techniques to reduce this confusion would assist healthcare professionals and researchers to better distinguish among these terms as they manage patient symptoms and design symptom management studies. Thus, the purpose of this article is to examine the terms symptom distress, symptom intensity, and psychological distress using pain as the example symptom.     

恶性肿瘤患者心理痛苦与营养不良的相关性分析

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤患者心理痛苦与营养不良之间的关系,为肿瘤患者营养不良的预防及干预提供参考依据。方法 采用方便抽样法,选择352例肿瘤住院患者,应用一般情况调查表、心理痛苦温度计(DT)及患者主观整体评估量表(PG-SGA)进行问卷调查,了解肿瘤患者心理痛苦与营养不良的现状,采用Pearson相关分析探讨两者相关性,采用非条件多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 患者心理痛苦得分为(3.49±2.57)分,显著痛苦(DT≥4分)检出率为41.45%;营养评估得分为(6.64±5.12)分,存在营养不良(PG-SGA B+C)的有255例, 总体营养不良发生率为73.92%;心理痛苦与营养不良程度呈显著正相关(r=0.533,P＜0.001);年龄≥60岁、消化道肿瘤、BMI＜18.5和存在心理痛苦是营养不良的危险因素。结论 恶性肿瘤患者心理痛苦及营养不良发生率均较高,存在心理痛苦的患者发生营养不良的风险更高。因此,医护人员在临床工作中对存在营养不良的肿瘤患者除了开展营养干预外,还应重视其心理状况的评估与干预。     

精神分裂症家属病耻感现况及与心理困扰、自尊水平的关系

目的:调查精神分裂症患者家属病耻感,并探讨与心理困扰、自尊水平的关系。方法:随机抽取2018年5月至2019年5月在山东省精神卫生中心就诊的精神分裂症患者的家属150名,展开问卷调查。整理患者家属的基本信息和一般资料,分析其人口社会学特征;采用Link病耻感量表、Kessler10量表及自尊量表分别评估患者家属病耻感、...     

Adjuvant chemotherapy in Dukes' B and C colorectal cancer has only a minor influence on psychological distress

 The object of this cross-sectional study on psychological distress was to reveal such distress among patients treated for colorectal cancer (CRC). Between 1993 and 1996, 95 patients in northern Norway were included in the national study randomising Dukes' B and C CRC patients between adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT : 5-fluorouracil and levamisole) or follow-up following radical surgery. In April 1996, all 82 survivors were mailed the Impact-of-Event Scale (IES), to which 64 patients responded (78%). Less than one-third of the patients reported a moderate to high level of psychological distress. Scores predicting significant stress response syndrome were revealed in 14% of the patients. The mean score on the intrusion and avoidance scales were 6.1 and 7.7, respectively. Such variables as age, sex, tumour location (rectum/colon), Dukes' stage B/C and time of follow up did not significantly influence the scores. Patients receiving ACT reported only a slightly raised level on the intrusion (6.97 vs 5.17) and avoidance (8.48 vs 6.80) scales. This study indicates that ACT in CRC Dukes' B and C is not a stressful happening. All advantages in survival achieved by ACT have to be weighed against the "cost" in terms of physical and psychological side effects. This study indicates the weighting in terms of psychological distress may be minimal.     

中青年晚期癌症患者心理痛苦体验的质性研究

目的：探讨中青年晚期癌症患者心理痛苦体验,为实施全人照顾提供参考依据。方法：采用目的抽样法,抽取2017年5-7月在我院中西医结合科住院的12例中青年晚期癌症患者作为研究对象,所选患者心理痛苦评分（Distress Thermometer,DT）均≥4分,进行深度访谈,采用现象学分析访谈内容,整理提炼主题。结果：生理方面,对患者痛苦最大的前3位症状包括疲乏、疼痛、恶心呕吐;心理方面,主要存在担心、恐惧、病耻感及自我负担感;家庭社会方面,经济问题、无精力照顾孩子和老人、家属过分关心给患者带来很大心理痛苦;灵性方面,患者主要存在失去希望、绝望、自杀意图,怨天尤人,感叹不公,不放心,孤立隔绝等问题。结论：中青年晚期癌症患者存在身、心、社、灵等多方面心理痛苦,医护人员在临床工作中在重视患者症状管理的同时也要关注患者心理痛苦体验并给予针对性心理疏导,做到全人照顾,提高患者终末期生活质量。     

Nursing approaches to reducing psychological distress in men and women recovering from myocardial infarction

This paper examines the types of nursing approaches associated with reductions in psychological distress in post-myocardial infarction patients (n=275 men; 156 women) who took part in a home-based psychosocial nursing Intervention program (Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial). We found that three types of emotionally supportive approaches including reassurance/encouragement, listening and the provision of advice varied in their links to reduction in distress depending on patients' types of concerns. There were also gender differences in the way directive and collaborative intervention approaches were related to changes in distress.     

Psychological distress in survivors of Hodgkin's disease

The object of this study was to reveal the psychological distress among survivors of Hodgkin's disease. Between 1985 and 1993, 55 patients were treated for Hodgkin's disease at our small oncological unit. In December 1994 all 49 survivors were mailed a questionnaire consisting of the Impact-of-Event Scale and a visual-analogue scale measuring quality of life, to which 42 patients responded (86%). Half of the patients reported moderate to high levels of psychological distress. Scores predicting significant stress response syndrome were revealed in 19% of the patients. Women reported statistically significant lower psychological distress on the intrusion (P=0.025) and avoidance scale (P=0.047) and a higher quality of life (P=0.032). In order to improve patients' care and support, cases at risk should be identified. Among patients with Hodgkin's disease, men seems to be at highest risk. This study should be helpful for developing supportive interventions for survivors of Hodgkin's disease.     

Development of a yoga module targeting cardiovascular health for patients with post-myocardial left ventricular dysfunction in India

BackgroundYoga is known to contribute towards cardiovascular health. This paper describes the development of a need-based yoga program which is suitable to be integrated into the cardiac rehabilitation of post-myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular dysfunction.Materials and MethodsBased on the assessment of the need of the patients, literature review, and expert opinion, a yoga module was developed using the qualitative method of inquiry. The program included warm-up exercises, yogic asanas, pranayama, meditation and counseling sessions. A structured questionnaire eliciting comments on the contents was given independently to ten experts working in the field of health and yoga for validation. The final module was derived after incorporating the suggestions of the experts.ResultsUsing the raters' expertise in cardiology and yoga practice, the practices which constitute the module were optimized. Majority of the experts (raters) agreed with the duration of 1 h training for 1month under supervision as adequate for subsequent practice at home. There was a 0.786 inter-rater reliability estimated using the interclass coefficient (ICC) and 0.789 internal consistency of the questions, measured using Cronbach's alpha. Both values indicate "good" reliability and consistency of the yoga module.ConclusionThe developed yoga module was found to be acceptable. Future randomized control trials will be necessary to validate the effectiveness of this module and if the module demonstrates to be effective by clinical studies, it may add a therapeutic option in the rehabilitation of patients with heart failure following myocardial infarction, which can be applied in the hospitals and community level.     

景观疗养对改善心理痛苦的作用

目的了解景观疗养对心理痛苦的缓解作用。方法使用ＳＣＬ—９０为疗效评价标准，对来院疗养的１０２例疗养员作疗养前后的对照研究，疗养期间维持原有治疗，仅加景观疗养。结果疗养员经景观疗养后心理痛苦较疗养前明显改善（Ｐ＜０．００１），高分组较低分组疗效更明显（Ｐ＜００１）。结论景观疗养能改善心理痛苦，且心理痛苦越大，疗养效果越明显。     

A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients

Purpose of research

To determine the effect of the hope intervention (HOPE-IN) on levels of hope and psychological distress immediately (T2), 3 (T3), and 12 (T4) months following the intervention; determine the effects of the HOPE-IN on changes in patients’ level of hope after controlling for baseline levels of psychological distress; and evaluate patients’ level of satisfaction with the HOPE-IN.

Methods and sample

This single group, longitudinal study recruited a community-based sample which cancer. Most of the participants (n = 195) were females, married, and had breast cancer. The HOPE-IN consisted of eight 2-h sessions conducted over 8 weeks. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, hope (Herth Hope Index), psychological distress (Impact of Event Scale (IES)), and satisfaction with the HOPE-IN.

Key results

Hope scores increased significantly from T1 to T2, and then decreased slightly from T2 through T4. Both intrusion and avoidance IES scores decreased significantly from T1 to T2 and then decreased slightly from T2 to T4. The changes in hope scores remained significant even when baseline scores on intrusion were controlled for in the analyses. Baseline level of hope was negatively correlated with baseline intrusion and avoidance scores. These findings indicate that the trajectories of hope scores remained the same conditioned on intrusion or avoidance. Over 95% of the participants reported that the HOPE-IN was useful to them.

Conclusions

Additional research is warranted to determine the most effective approaches to increase hope and reduce psychological distress in individuals who are living with a cancer diagnosis.