Cerebral Infarction Producing Sudden Isolated Foot Drop

Foot drop usually results from lesions affecting the peripheral neural pathway related to dorsiflexor muscles, especially the peroneal nerve. Although a central nervous system lesion is suspected when there is a lack of clinical evidence for a lower motor neuron lesion, such cases are extremely rare. We describe a patient with sudden isolated foot drop caused by a small acute cortical infarction in the high convexity of the precentral gyrus. This report indicates that a cortical infarction may have to be considered as a potential cause of foot drop.     

Sudden Foot Drop Caused by Foraminal Gas Pseudocyst

A foraminal gas pseudocyst is a rare cause of lumbar radiculopathy. The association with a sudden foot drop has not been previously reported. Here, a 67-year-old woman with sudden foot drop on the left side is reported. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified a foraminal gas containing lesion compressing the left L5 root at the L5-S1 foramen. The foraminal gas containing lesion compressing the L5 ganglion was successfully removed by the posterior approach. The histological diagnosis was a gas pseudocyst. This unique case of surgically proven gas pseudocyst indicates that it should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with sudden foot drop.     

动脉硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞所致脑梗死类型

目的探讨动脉硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病(MCAOD)所致脑梗死的类型。方法对50例经颅脑MRA或DSA确诊的症状性MCAOD患者进行研究,依据其头部弥散加权成像(DWI)和T2W的改变对脑梗死分型。结果50例患者共发现57条动脉硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞,未发现病灶的有6(占12．0%)个大脑半球,多发性脑梗死和单发脑梗死分别见于13(占22．8%)个和38(占66．7%)个大脑半球。脑分水岭梗死、流域性脑梗死、半卵圆区脑梗死、多发性散在点状脑梗死(MSSI)、腔隙性脑梗死分别见于18(占31．6%)个、12(占21．1%)个、6(占10．5%)个、2(占3．5%)个和1(占1．8%)个大脑半球。结论MCAOD可引起各种类型的脑梗死,脑分水岭梗死约占1/3,动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成约占1/5,纹状体内囊梗死约占1/5,主要发病机制与动脉-动脉栓塞和低灌注有关。     

Misunderstanding of Foot Drop in a Patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Lumbar Disk Herniation

We report the case of 57-year-old woman diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and lumbar disk herniation (LDH). She had left leg weakness and foot numbness, foot deformity (muscle atrophy, high arch, and clawed toes). The lumbar spine MRI showed LDH at L4-5. Additionally, electrophysiology results were consistent with chronic peripheral motor-sensory polyneuropathy (axonopathy). In genetic testing, 17p11.2-p12 duplication/deletions characteristic of CMT disease were observed. We confirmed the patient''s diagnosis as CMT disease and used conservative treatment.     

Progressive Manifestations of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Presenting with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage,Intracerebral Hemorrhage,and Cerebral Infarction

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by sudden-onset headache with focal neurologic deficit and prolonged but reversible multifocal narrowing of the distal cerebral arteries. Stroke, either hemorrhagic or ischemic, is a relatively frequent presentation in RCVS, but progressive manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction in a patient is seldom described. We report a rare case of a 56-year-old woman with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome consecutively presenting as cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction. When she complained of severe headache with subtle cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, her angiography was non-specific. But, computed tomographic angiography showed typical angiographic features of this syndrome after four days. Day 12, she suffered mental deterioration and hemiplegia due to contralateral intracerebral hematoma, and she was surgically treated. For recurrent attacks of headache, medical management with calcium channel blockers has been instituted. Normalized angiographic features were documented after 8 weeks. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome should be considered as differential diagnosis of non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and repeated angiography is recommended for the diagnosis of this under-recognized syndrome.     

Spontaneous Anterior Cerebral Artery Dissection Presenting with Simultaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction in a Patient with Multiple Extracranial Arterial Dissections

Simultaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and infarction is a quite rare presentation in a patient with a spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. Identifying relevant radiographic features and serial angiographic surveillance as well as mode of clinical manifestation, either hemorrhage or infarction, could sufficiently determine appropriate treatment. Enlargement of ruptured aneurysm and progressing arterial stenosis around the aneurysm indicates impending risk of subsequent stroke. In this setting, prompt treatment with stent-assisted endovascular embolization can be a reliable alternative to direct surgery. When multiple arterial dissections are coexistent, management strategy often became complicated. However, satisfactory clinical results can be obtained by acknowledging responsible arterial site with careful radiographic inspection and antiplatelet medication.     

急性脑梗塞患者血清谷草转氨酶活性的测定及其相关机制的探讨

本文测定了１２８例急性脑梗塞及６０例非脑血管病的脑病疾病（对照组）的患者血清谷－草转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）的活性，结果显示：脑梗塞组有６８例升高（５３．１％），对照组有５例升高，两组比较有非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１），并发现：血清ＡＳＴ活性与脑梗塞部位有显著关系（Ｐ〈０．０１）；与病情，病程及梗塞体积有显著关系（Ｐ〈０．０１），而与性别，年龄无明显关系（Ｐ〉０．０５），同时对其相关机制作一讨论。     

急性脑梗死各亚型患者的血脂水平分析

目的 探讨血脂水平与急性脑梗死各亚型的关系。方法 检测167名急性脑梗死患血脂的6项指标，并同对照组进行比较分析；对梗塞组按TOAST病因分型方法分类后，各亚型与对照组进行比较。结果 脑梗死组患的TC、TG、LDL及ApoB水平显高于对照组，ApoA水平低于对照组。亚组比较中，LAA组TG、TC、LDL及ApoB明显高于对照组；SAA组TG、LDL、ApoB高于对照组。各型的HDL与对照组比较均无显性差异。结论 脂代谢紊乱是脑梗死的危险因素，它与LAA与SAA的发生关系更为密切。     

Sphenoid Ridge Meningioma Presenting as Acute Cerebral Infarction

A previously healthy 52-year-old man presented to the emergency room with acute onset left hemiparesis and dysarthria. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance examinations revealed acute cerebral infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory and a sphenoid ridge meningioma encasing the right carotid artery terminus. Cerebral angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the right proximal M1 portion. A computed tomography perfusion study showed a wide area of perfusion-diffusion mismatch. Over the ensuing 48 hours, left sided weakness deteriorated despite medical treatment. Emergency extracranial-intracranial bypass was performed using a double-barrel technique, leaving the tumor as it was, and subsequently his neurological function was improved dramatically. We present a rare case of sphenoid ridge meningioma causing acute cerebral infarction as a result of middle cerebral artery compression.     

脑梗塞病人血浆ET水平与血液流变学关系的研究

目的探讨脑梗塞(CI)病人血浆内皮素(ET与血液流变学指标的相关性.方法测定49例CI病人和29例健康人ET、Na+-K+ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase及血液流变学等指标.结果CI组ηb、ηp、ηre、HCT、K值、EAI、TK与ET呈明显正相关,与Na+-K+ATPase、Ca2+Mg2+ATPase活力呈明显负相关;ET与Na+--K+ATPase、Ca2+Mg2+ATPase活力呈明显负相关(r=-0.21、-0.27,P均＜0.05);ηb与ET关系最为密切(r=0.43,P<0.01).结论①ET、Na+--K+ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase活力变化能引起血液粘滞性改变.②它们对CI的血液粘滞性的影响是多途径的.ET主要是通过收缩血管,改变红细胞膜 Na++-K原、Ca2+泵的活性,导致红细胞变形能力下降.③采用保护血管张力的药物和稀释血液等综合治疗,能有效地防治脑动脉粥样硬化和CI.     

Severe Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome with Large Posterior Cerebral Infarction

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by thunderclap headache and multifocal cerebral vasoconstriction. Cerebral vasoconstriction is reversible, and most cases have good prognosis. However, clinical outcome is possibly severe when it is complicated by stroke, yet detailed reports on such a case are few. We experienced a case of severe reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in a 32-year-old woman with medical history of preeclampsia 3years prior. She presented with sudden sharp headache followed by altered mental status and vasoconstriction of the bilateral posterior cerebral arteries. She was treated with intravenous and oral calcium channel blockers, edaravone, and glycerol. However, the cerebral infarction in the posterior circulation subsequently remained, and her impaired consciousness did not recover. Furthermore, although imaging findings of vasoconstriction showed improvement a day after the occurrence of symptom, the same vessels showed poor visualization 7 weeks later, which indicated the recurrence of vasoconstriction, without additional symptom due to the fixed infarction. Although most cases of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome show good prognosis, neurologists must monitor the possibility of worse clinical course and permanent neurological deficit when associated with stroke, such as cerebral infarction. Strict management and treatment are needed in these cases.     

高血压脑出血术后脑梗塞临床救治分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血术后脑梗塞的发病原因及临床救治措施。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2007年1月间收治的11例高血压脑出血术后脑梗塞病例的临床资料。结果本组所有病例治疗后按日常生活能力分级：Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级2例,Ⅴ级1例,死亡3例。结论脑梗塞是高血压脑出血术后严重并发症之一,潜在致病因素复杂。完善综合治疗措施对降低患者死亡率、伤残率,提高其生存质量十分重要。     

关于脑梗塞的白质疏松研究

２５２例脑梗塞病人中１９例ＣＴ扫描显示脑室周围白质疏松（Ｌｅｕｋｏ－Ａｒａｉｏｓｉｓ，ＬＡ）变化，将其与１９例无ＬＡ的脑梗塞病人做对照研究。结果发现ＬＡ在脑梗塞病人中占７．５４％（１９／２５２），高血压病是脑梗塞病人发生ＬＡ最主要的危险因素。ＬＡ的ＣＴ特征为脑室周围及半卵圆中心呈现对称或非对称性低密度影，边缘模糊，如月晕或扫帚状，尤以侧脑室前角周围的白质最易受累。     

氯吡格雷抵抗在脑梗死患者中的动态观察

【摘要】
目的 探讨氯吡格雷抵抗（clopidogrel resistance,CR）在脑梗死患者中的动态变化;观察脑梗死组与高危组（脑梗死高危因素）CR发生率及血小板聚集率变化情况。
方法 收集健康对照组68例、高危组59例、脑梗死组121例,采用光比浊法分别测定入组（氯吡格雷75 mg/d）2周后的血小板聚集率;服药2周后,出现CR者换用或联合其他抗血小板药物治疗,并检测其2周后的血小板聚集率的变化;非CR的脑梗死患者维持常规治疗,观察3个月、6个月后血小板聚集率的变化。
结果 服药前,脑梗死组［（65.75±13.11）%］分别与健康对照组［（50.49±12.42）%］、高危组［（56.71±11.33）%］比较血小板聚集率,差异有显著性（t =4.534,P =0.000;t =7.829,P =0.000）;服药2周后,高危组CR发生率为13.6%（8例）,脑梗死组的发生率为29.75%（36例）,且两组患者发生CR的患者中患糖尿病比例均较高（分别为50%和41.67%）;换用或联合其他抗血小板药物治疗后,70%CR者的血小板聚集率下降>10%;服药3个月后脑梗死组未见新CR;服药6个月后脑梗死组新发CR者15例（17.65%）。
结论 脑梗死组CR发生率较高,CR在脑梗死患者中可能存在时相动态变化。     

脑梗死后吞咽困难预后的评估

目的 探讨判断脑梗死后吞咽困难预后的评估方法。方法 对205例脑梗死后伴发吞咽困难的患者进行吞水实验,以改良的Barthel指数进行评分,根据牛津郡社区脑梗死分型（OCSP）进行分型。临床观察吞咽困难患者的预后情况。结果 脑梗死后吞咽困难晚期恢复患者和早期恢复患者在吞水试验和改良的Barthel指数方面的差异均有统计学意义（P <0.001）。延髓梗死、延髓背外侧综合征、完全性前循环脑梗死的患者发生吞咽困难较其他类型的脑梗死伴发者更难恢复。结论 判断脑梗死后吞咽困难的预后可以综合吞水实验、改良的Barthel指数和OCSP来进行。     

脑梗死患者血清超敏C反应蛋白及相关研究

目的探讨动脉硬化性脑梗死患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)含量变化及意义。方法检测99例脑梗死患者的血清hs-CRP含量,选80例健康人做为对照组。同时测总胆固醇(TC)水平及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量,计算TC/HDL值。结果(1)hs-CRP脑梗死组为(4.83±2.14)mg/L,健康组为(1.02±0.91)mg/L,有显著差异(P<0.01),(2)TC/HDL值脑血管组为3.82±1.13,健康组为2.15±0.53,有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论hs-CRP水平升高是脑梗死发生的一个独立危险因素,hs-CRP和TC/HDL联合分析对于脑梗死的预测和干预处理有一定临床价值。     

超选择脑动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞

目的 观察超选择脑动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞的疗效。方法70例脑梗塞患者,随机分为治疗组(40例)和对照组(30例)。治疗组采用超选择脑动脉内溶栓方法,起病距溶栓时间3～12h。尿激酶以1.5-2万U/min持续泵入,总量为50～90万U。两组患者的其它常规辅助治疗相同,治疗14d后评价其临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率90.0％(36/40),显著优于对照组的70.0％(21/30),两组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗14d后治疗组神经功能缺损评分显著降低,显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论超选择脑动脉内溶栓可使血栓局部迅速达到较高的血药浓度,是治疗急性脑梗死的有效方法。     

颅内肿瘤术后脑梗塞25例分析

目的 分析探讨颅内肿瘤手术后脑梗塞的发生原因、机制及其预防措施。方法 总结25例经CT和/或MRI证实的颅内肿瘤术后脑梗塞的发生时间、发生年龄、发生部位及其与颅内肿瘤位置的关系。结果 25例颅内肿瘤术后脑梗塞平均年龄50.5岁,其中21例出现在术后24h内;22例发生于颅底和深部肿瘤手术后;15例位于基底节区。恢复良好20例、症状改善3例、死亡2例。结论 颅内肿瘤术后脑梗塞是由于血管损伤、脑牵拉伤、脑血管痉挛等因素引起脑灌注压下降、脑血管闭塞所致。术中和术后采取积极预防措施可以明显降低脑梗塞的发生率。