超声联合MRI检查前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入的临床价值

目的探讨超声与MRI平衡式快速梯度回波(B-FFE)和单次激发快速自旋回波(SS-TSE)序列在诊断前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入的价值。方法收集90例因超声诊断前置胎盘或疑诊胎盘植入而行MRI检查的孕妇的临床资料,行B-FFE、SS-TSE序列检查,并分析其诊断结果。结果经病理检查,诊断胎盘植入62例,其中穿透性与植入性胎盘39例,粘连性胎盘植入23例;单纯胎盘植入5例,前置胎盘伴胎盘植入57例;子宫前壁植入11例,子宫后壁植入51例。以病理结果为金标准,超声单独检查对前置胎盘诊断敏感度为72. 73%,特异度为83. 33%,准确性为75. 56%;超声联合MRI检查对前置胎盘诊断敏感度为93. 94%,特异度为75. 00%,准确性为88. 89%。超声单独检查对胎盘植入诊断敏感度为70. 97%,特异度为82. 14%,准确性为74. 44%;超声联合MRI检查对胎盘植入诊断敏感度为91. 94%,特异度为71. 43%,准确性为85. 56%。结论超声联合MRI B-FFE和SS-TSE序列在诊断前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入中的准确性较高。     

探讨高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素及MRI价值征象

目的探讨高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素及MRI价值征象。方法91例高危孕妇,年龄23~44岁、平均年龄32岁;孕周27~38.5周、平均孕周36.2周;分别分析临床资料及MRI宫内征象1)胎盘异常增厚及胎盘内T2WI低信号带;2)胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断;3)子宫肌层变薄及局部膨隆。最终诊断结果均经手术及病理证实。采用卡方检验比较临床高危因素及MRI宫内征象在总体胎盘植入与对照组间以及MRI宫内征象在胎盘植入组内的统计学差异。结果41/91例为胎盘植入,其中26例浅植入(胎盘粘连)、13例胎盘深植入、2例胎盘穿透,余50例阴性。临床资料剖宫产和/或流产史次数大于等于2次、前置胎盘以及上述MRI宫内征象在总体胎盘植入组间均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。其中胎盘T2WI低信号带(P=0.015)、胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断(P=0.007)、子宫肌层变薄(P=0.000)及局部膨隆(P=0.006)在胎盘植入组内具有统计学差异。结论剖宫产和/或流产史次数大于等于2次及前置胎盘是高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素。上述MRI宫内征象均为高危孕妇胎盘植入的价值征象。其中胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断,是胎盘浅植入的敏感征象。除胎盘异常增厚外,余下MRI宫内价值征象出现越多,提示胎盘植入越深,危险性越大。     

磁共振成像在诊断胎盘植入类型的应用价值

目的探讨MRI在诊断胎盘植入类型的应用价值。方法对超声提示前置胎盘且有胎盘植入高危因素的69例孕妇行MRI检查,分析MRI征象并与病理结果对照,计算MRI诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度。结果 69例手术中证实有29例有胎盘植入,其中粘连型8例、植入型18例、穿透型3例。MRI对胎盘植入类型诊断的特异度92. 5%,灵敏度70. 0%,阳性预测值87. 0%,阴性预测值80. 4%。结论 MRI对粘连型胎盘植入的诊断率较低,对胎盘穿透的诊断率较高。     

前置胎盘并胎盘植入的MRI诊断价值

【摘要】目的:探讨MRI对前置胎盘并胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法:将临床疑诊前置胎盘的63例患者分别行经腹超声及MRI检查，MRI采用半傅里叶采集单次激发快速自旋回波(HASTE)序列和真实稳态进动快速成像（true FISP）序列，以手术或病理为金标准，比较MRI与超声对胎盘植入的诊断效能。比较MRI两种序列对前置胎盘并胎盘植入各征象的显示率。结果：63例临床疑诊前置胎盘患者中，合并胎盘植入者46例，发生率为73%。HASTE联合true FISP序列能较超声更清晰的显示胎盘结构及胎盘植入灶。超声的诊断敏感度为52.2%，特异度为64.7%；MRI产前诊断的敏感度为97.8%，特异度为76.5%。HASTE 序列对子宫下段肌层、联合带、胎盘内低信号及植入灶的显示率均高于true FISP序列（P均＜0.05）。结论:与超声相比，MRI HASTE序列对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断具有更大优势。     

凶险型前置胎盘并胎盘植入的超声诊断声像图特征

目的探讨凶险型前置胎盘并胎盘植入的超声诊断声像图特征。方法选取我院收治的68例凶险型前置胎盘孕妇作为观察对象,其中合并胎盘植入42例,对所有孕妇进行经腹联合经会阴超声检查,分析总结其声像图特征,并将其与术后病理诊断结果进行对照。结果 52例(76.47%)为完全性前置胎盘,16例(23.53%)为不完全性前置胎盘。完全性前置胎盘孕妇的胎盘植入发生率(88.46%)显著高于不完全性前置胎盘孕妇(43.75%),P0.05。产后病理检查证实合并胎盘植入58例(85.29%),未合并胎盘植入10例(14.71%),诊断符合率为91.38%(53/58),误诊5例(7.35%),漏诊5例(7.35%)。合并胎盘植入孕妇的子宫肌层变薄、胎盘增厚、胎盘后间隙消失、子宫肌层弓状动脉排列紊乱、子宫浆膜层与膀胱交界处血管紊乱、子宫下段膨隆、宫颈膨大、子宫下段及宫颈管胎盘覆盖处血流丰富,检出率均显著高于未合并胎盘植入孕妇(P0.05)。结论经腹联合经会阴超声检查,可通过显示胎盘实质、后方子宫肌层、子宫膀胱浆膜层回声及相关血流变化,提高凶险型前置胎盘并胎盘植入的诊断准确率。     

MRI在前置胎盘及胎盘植入中的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI在诊断产前前置胎盘及植入性前置胎盘的价值。方法回顾性分析在我院经MRI诊断考虑为前置胎盘及胎盘植入的产前患者65例,其中经手术及病理证实的48例前置胎盘及胎盘植入的患者MRI检查资料,探讨MRI的诊断价值。结果 65例患者中48例经手术病理证实为前置胎盘伴植入,其中粘连性胎盘12例,植入性胎盘28例,穿透性胎盘8例。MRI在前置胎盘伴植入中的诊断率为73. 8%(48/65)。对比分析前置胎盘伴及不伴植入患者的MRI影像特征,胎盘内信号不均,胎盘内增多、增粗的血管影,T2WI序列胎盘内条带状低信号影及胎盘与子宫分界不清在诊断前置胎盘伴植入中差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05),多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示胎盘内增多、增粗的血管影,胎盘与子宫分界不清,是MRI诊断前置胎盘植入的主要征象。结论 MRI对前置胎盘及胎盘植入有较高的诊断价值,对临床及时合理制定治疗方案有一定意义。     

单次激发快速FSE序列在前置胎盘、胎盘植入诊断中的应用

目的探讨单次激发快速自旋回波序列在前置胎盘或伴胎盘植入临床诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析50例前置胎盘及胎盘植入患者,其中26例前置胎盘伴有胎盘粘连或植入,产后胎盘残留植入2例。患者均行MR ss FSE序列作冠状位、矢状位及横断位扫描,影像结果与手术及病理结果进行综合比较。结果 50例前置胎盘及胎盘植入中:中央性前置胎盘21例;部分性前置胎盘14例;边缘性前置胎盘13例,伴有胎盘植入28例(粘连11例、植入或穿透15例,产后胎盘残留植入或穿透2例),子宫胎盘面中断在胎盘植入组与非胎盘植入组间有显著差异(P﹤0.05),有13例粗大血管贯穿胎盘发生在胎盘植入组,胎盘粘连组、非胎盘植入组均未见,此征象在胎盘植入组与胎盘粘连组、非胎盘植入组间有显著差异(P﹤0.05)。MR诊断前置胎盘的敏感度、特异度分别为:100%,90%,诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度分别为:93%,82%。结论 MR ss FSE序列在前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的诊断中发挥着重要作用,术前可以指导临床治疗方案。     

改良胎盘超声评分量表对胎盘植入诊断价值的研究

目的探讨改良产前胎盘超声评分量表对胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法产前进行超声胎盘评分产妇共144例,按照产后病理和临床诊断分为植入组(植入组又分为粘连型、植入型、穿透型)和非植入组,按改良产前胎盘超声评分量表评分,绘制ROC曲线计算界值,应用特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、产后诊断符合率等指标对比分析改良评分法和种氏评分法两种方法对胎盘植入不同类型的诊断效能。结果按改良后产前胎盘超声评分量表,>2分为粘连型胎盘植入;>4分为重型胎盘植入,其中>4分为植入型胎盘植入,>9分为穿透型胎盘植入,即3~4分粘连型可能(敏感度95.0%、特异度73.2%),5~9分植入型可能(敏感度93.2%、特异度75.0%),10分及以上穿透型可能(敏感度100%、特异度97.7%)。改良产前胎盘超声评分量表对胎盘植入各类型产前诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及产后符合率均明显优于原产前胎盘超声评分量表(P<0.05)。结论改良产前胎盘超声评分量表更加合理,能够更好地为临床服务。     

凶险型前置胎盘并发胎盘植入23例临床分析

目的分析总结凶险型前置胎盘并发胎盘植入的临床特点及高危因素。方法回顾性收集2005年1月—2013年12月阜阳市人民医院产科127例凶险前置胎盘孕妇的临床资料,其中23例并发胎盘植入为植入组(病例组),104例为非植入组(对照组);比较两组的一般临床资料及分娩基本情况。结果凶险型前置胎盘并发胎盘植入发生率为18.1%(23/127)。凶险型前置胎盘并发胎盘植入的高危因素有高龄(≥35岁),流产次数≥2次,剖宫产≥2次,中央型前置胎盘,胎盘位于子宫前壁等。植入病例组的手术时间、术中出血量、子宫切除率,ICU转入率与非植入组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),新生儿早产率(P=0.838)、新生儿窒息率(P=0.131)差异无统计学意义:结论多次流产史、剖宫产史、高龄、胎盘位于前壁的凶险型前置胎盘易并发胎盘植入。     

凶险型前置胎盘伴植入超声图像特点分析(95例分析)

目的分析总结凶险型前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的超声图像特点,以提高对本病的产前超声检出率。方法回顾性分析95例凶险型前置胎盘的超声图像特点,并与病理结果进行比较。结果 95例前置胎盘伴植入病例中,病理分型为:粘连性胎盘23例,植入性胎盘62例,穿透性胎盘10例。超声结果提示61例胎盘植入,其中6例超声声像图表现为胎盘增厚伴胎盘实质内弥漫性或局灶性血池,29例胎盘后方子宫肌层明显变薄,胎盘后间隙部分消失,18例同时有上述两种超声图像表现,8例子宫浆膜-膀胱交界处分界不清伴丰富血流信号。61例中超声拟诊植入性胎盘53例,病理结果证实粘连性胎盘8例,植入性胎盘45例;穿透性胎盘8例,病理结果与其一致。结论超声能为凶险型前置胎盘伴植入提供一定诊断信息,尤其在植入性胎盘和穿透性胎盘中其诊断价值较高。     

Lifesaving diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum using MRI: Report of five cases

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is defined as abnormal placental adherence or invasion of the myometrium or extrauterine organs. This case series will analyze MRI findings and PAS grading, in addition to emergency situations like massive hematuria and placental invasion with rupture. We report 5 cases of pregnant women with placenta previa with suspected PAS. MRI revealed 1 case of placenta accreta, one case of placenta increta, and 3 cases of placenta percreta. Two cases were emergency situations. All cases were managed with cesarean section. PAS is frequently related to severe obstetric hemorrhage associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality, making diagnosis and management challenging. Ultrasound is the initial diagnostic modality for PAS. Although ultrasound is preferred for PAS diagnosis, MRI provides an effective modality for the analysis of the depth of placental invasion and can be helpful in emergency situations.     

MRI检查对超声诊断前置胎盘并胎盘植入阴性的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI对超声未提示植入的前置胎盘的确诊意义及指导治疗的作用.方法 回顾性分析本院收治的超声确诊前置胎盘而胎盘植入阴性患者的临床及影像学资料,并将其按不同诊疗程序分为A、B2组.A组直接行子宫下段剖宫产术.B组行MRI复查,对MRI诊断为胎盘植入患者行腹主动脉球囊暂时阻断术联合子宫下段剖宫产术及必要时双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,余患者行常规子宫下段剖宫产术.根据手术和(或)病理确诊胎盘植入.比较A、B2组中胎盘植入患者术中出血量及子宫切除率等.结果 MRI复查胎盘植入敏感性0.750,特异性0.916.A、B2组中胎盘植入患者术中出血量有统计学差异(P＜0.001),且A组＞B组,子宫切除率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 当超声检查仅提示前置胎盘并胎盘植入阴性时,行MRI检查能够进一步筛选出胎盘植入患者;对于MRI诊断胎盘植入的产妇,妇产科联合介入干预能够有效减少术中出血量,或能减少胎盘植入患者子宫切除率.     

核磁共振成像在前置胎盘诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨MRI在前置胎盘诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析温州医科大学附属第二医院产科2010年1月～2013年9月收治的74例经剖宫产手术确诊为前置胎盘患者的临床资料,所有患者产前均进行多普勒超声及MRI检查了解胎盘位置,并与剖宫产术中所见结果进行比较.结果 所有患者经剖宫产终止妊娠并明确胎盘位置,其中完全性前置胎盘49例,部分性前置胎盘7例,边缘性前置胎盘18例,多普勒超声诊断完全符合63例,符合率为85.1％（63/74）,MRI诊断完全符合71例,符合率为95.9％（71/74）,两种检查方法诊断符合率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 MRI检查的诊断符合率较B超检查更高,且应用MRI检查可对前置胎盘的位置、范围进行精确定位,更有利于临床医生对其进行术前评估.     

Clinical and ultrasound assessment in patients with placenta previa to predict the severity of intrapartum hemorrhage

Objectives

Evaluate whether maternal history and ultrasound can predict massive hemorrhage during cesarean section in placenta praevia.

Study design

Sixty singleton pregnant women with persistent placenta praevia (after 28 weeks’ gestation) were prospectively enrolled in this study.Comprehensive maternal history and findings obtained by antenatal ultrasound, including placental location, presence of lacunae, lack of a clear zone, abnormal color Doppler indices were reviewed, and their effect on the severity of maternal hemorrhage during cesarean section was analyzed.

Results

Twenty two cases had massive intra operative hemorrhage, among them 20 patients were confirmed to have placenta accreta and its variants (including increta and percreta) at the time of cesarean delivery.For diagnosis of severe bleeding (>1500 ml), the sensitivity of previous uterine surgery, abnormal color Doppler and lack of clear zone was high (95.5%, 81.8%, 81.8% respectively) while sensitivity of presence of lacunae was low (36.4%). And the specificity of abnormal color Doppler, lack of clear zone and presence of lacunae was high (94.7%, 94.7%, 97.4% respectively) while of previous uterine surgery was low (36.8%).

Conclusion

Prenatal maternal history and ultrasound examination can predict the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage and reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients with placenta previa.     

Intravenously administered pentobarbital sodium for sedation in pediatric CT

Whether placental migration occurs is debatable. To determine the incidence of placenta previa in early pregnancy and the frequency of placental migration, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of 2,087 consecutive obstetrical sonograms obtained during a 23-month period. Among 849 patients scanned between 14 and 26 weeks after conception, placenta previa was diagnosed using ultrasonography (US) in 53 patients (6.2%). This diagnosis was confirmed at surgery in 15 patients (1.8%); there were 12 cases of central previa and three cases of partial previa. Retrospective analysis revealed that in 25 cases, technical factors, such as an overly distended urinary bladder (19 cases) or focal uterine contractions (six cases), were responsible for the false-positive diagnoses. In the 13 remaining patients, however, there were no obvious technical difficulties to account for the diagnosis of previa. Migration did not occur in any of the patients with central previa. It appears that placental migration may occur, although less frequently than has previously been reported. Furthermore, this study suggests that migration does not occur in patients with central previa.     

超声评分和MRI诊断植入性凶险型前置胎盘的价值分析

目的应用超声评分法和MRI对植入性凶险型前置胎盘(pernicious placenta previa,PPP)进行探讨,分析其影像学表现及超声评分法和MRI对诊断植入性凶险型前置胎盘的临床价值。方法选取96例疑诊为PPP并合并胎盘植入住院患者的临床资料,术前均根据超声评分法及MRI检查对PPP作出诊断,将二者诊断结果与术中所见及术后病理检测结果相对比,同时根据超声评分分组,对各组术中出血量进行对比分析。结果经手术及病理确诊,96例患者中,72例诊断为PPP合并胎盘植入,未合并植入者24例,超声评分法对PPP并植入诊断灵敏度为80.6%,特异度为83.3%,正确率为81.3%,MRI检查PPP并植入诊断灵敏度为86.1%,特异度为75.0%,正确率为83.3%,两种方法的灵敏度、特异度、正确率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),胎盘植入评分不同组别间术中出血量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于孕晚期高度怀疑为植入性PPP的患者,超声评分法及MRI均有重要的诊断价值,两者可互为补充,且超声评分高低对预估术中出血量有重要意义。     

临时球囊置入髂总动脉在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入中的应用

目的：探讨临时性球囊置入髂总动脉在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入剖宫产术中的临床应用。方法回顾分析5例经超声或 MR 检查诊断为凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者,其中1例为 Rh(-)血型患者。剖宫产术前预置临时球囊于双侧髂总动脉,数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确球囊导管位置后,固定导管送产科手术室,术中待胎儿娩出后迅速充盈球囊,剖宫产术后6~8 h拔除球囊导管。观察并记录失血量、输血量、子宫切除率、接受 X 射线照射时间及剂量。结果5例临时性球囊置入髂总动脉均获得成功。出血量<500 mL 者1例,500~1000 mL 者4例。1例因胎盘组织植入过深达浆膜层,穿透性胎盘,短时间内出血较为凶猛,行子宫次全切除术。其余4例保留子宫。结论剖宫产术前髂总动脉置入临时球囊能够减少剖宫产术中失血量、输血量,且能降低因术中不可控制的出血而继发子宫切除的风险。     

The mid-trimester placenta previa: a prospective follow-up

One hundred and fifty-six mid-trimester sonograms were performed at our prenatal diagnostic unit. Twenty women were found to have a low-lying placenta or placenta previa and were followed by serial ultrasound examinations to observe changes in placental position. Eighty percent of women, i.e., 16/20, with a low-lying placenta had converted to normal implantation by the time of delivery. Most of the conversions had taken place at approx. 34 weeks of gestation. The patients with mid-trimester low-lying placenta had an increased risk of third-trimester bleeding, abruptio placentae and cesarean sections. The infants were also at risk of premature delivery. Patients with mid-trimester low-lying or placenta previa should be followed by ultrasound to monitor delivery.     

MRI在胎盘成熟度分级及胎盘病变的应用价值

目的探讨MRI在胎盘成熟度分级及胎盘病变方面的临床应用价值。资料与方法搜集本院2010年3月至2011年6月期间,33例孕龄20周以上孕妇行MRI检查的胎盘图像,其中4例超声诊断胎盘存在病变,余29例胎盘无异常;胎盘MRI,采用T1WI、T2WI扫描,观察胎盘的位置、形态及信号特点,并对胎盘无异常者,根据胎盘形态及信号特点,进行成熟度分级,分为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。结果 4例超声诊断胎盘异常者,MRI诊断与超声诊断相符,其中前置胎盘3例,胎盘早剥1例;余29例正常胎盘,MRI成熟度分级为:0级1例;Ⅰ级13例;Ⅱ级12例;Ⅲ级3例,其中1例Ⅰ级B超诊断Ⅱ级,2例Ⅱ级B超诊断Ⅰ级,其余二者诊断结果一致。结论快速MRI在对胎盘成熟度的分级及胎盘病变的诊断方面,具有较高的临床应用价值。