结直肠癌患者术后并发腹腔感染的危险因素分析及对策研究

目的探讨结直肠癌患者术后并发腹腔感染的危险因素及相应的对策。方法选择行手术治疗的182例结直肠癌患者,其中术后并发腹腔感染的患者共16例,采集感染患者的腹腔引流脓液等标本进行细菌培养、鉴定及药敏实验,并对术后并发腹腔感染的危险因素进行分析。结果共检出153株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌占19.61%,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,占7.84%;革兰阴性菌占73.20%,以大肠埃希菌(37.91%)、克雷伯菌属(20.26%)、铜绿假单胞菌(7.19%)为主。大肠埃希菌的耐药性较差,仅对克林霉素的耐药性>50%;克雷伯菌属对克林霉素、四环素、环丙沙星的耐药性>50%;金黄色葡萄球菌对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、环丙沙星的耐药性<50%;铜绿假单胞菌对妥布霉素、亚胺培南、头孢他啶、环丙沙星的耐药性<50%。经logistic回归分析,合并糖尿病、血清蛋白<35 g/L、肿瘤分期≥Ⅲ期、出血量≥300 ml、术区污染、手术时间≥180 min是影响结直肠癌患者术后并发腹腔感染的独立危险因素。结论合并糖尿病、血清蛋白<35 g/L、肿瘤分期≥Ⅲ期、出血量≥300 ml、术区污染、手术时间≥180 min是影响结直肠癌患者术后并发腹腔感染的独立危险因素。针对危险因素积极采取相应的对策,以降低结直肠癌手术患者术后并发腹腔感染的发生率。在治疗结直肠癌患者术后并发腹腔感染时要合理对抗菌药物进行选择,并及时进行病原菌培养和药敏实验。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌术后切口感染的影响因素分析

目的 分析腹腔镜结直肠癌术后切口感染的相关影响因素.方法 回顾性分析行结直肠癌手术的80例患者的临床资料,并将其按照有无切口感染分为感染组和非感染组,然后对其可能的感染因素进行单因素和多因素的统计学分析.结果 80例行腹腔镜结直肠癌术的患者中有3例发生感染,感染率为3.75％,其中直肠癌术后患者、部分切除患者、年龄>65岁的患者分别占5.56％、4.35％和5.41％.此外,感染组与对照组相比,其在伴有并发症、BMI、手术时间、切口长度、输血量等方面有统计学差异(P<0.05).多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示:BMI、手术时间是切口感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 结直肠癌患者在术后有极高的感染率,不仅延长了患者的就诊时间,同时也增加了家属的经济压力,故熟悉并掌握腹腔镜结直肠癌术后切口感染的影响因素,并提前进行预防,对控制术后感染有至关重要的作用.     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术危险因素及并发症分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术的危险因素以及疗效.方法 收集腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治本的患者102例,并选取40例常规开腹手术患者作为对照组,对比分析影响其手术的危险因素以及患者近远期并发症情况.结果 对腹腔镜下结直肠癌术后并发症危险因素行Logistic回归分析发现,患者的TNM分期、伴发心肺疾患、肝肾功能不全以及术中出血量≥100 ml为其独立危险因素.对比分析两组手术方式患者近远期并发症,差异不具统计学意义(P＞0.05).腹腔镜组患者与对照组相比,两者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后首次排气时间、术后进食时间以及住院时间上差异显著,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两者在淋巴结清扫个数上差异不具统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜值得广泛应用于结直肠癌的治疗中.     

结直肠癌根治术后并发静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素分析

目的 探究结直肠癌根治术后并发静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的危险因素.方法 选择行结直肠癌根治术患者200例作为研究对象,根据患者是否发生VTE分为VTE组(16例)及非VTE组(184例),分析结直肠癌术后并发VTE的相关危险因素.结果 患者年龄≥60岁、男性、有VTE既往病史、呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病、手术时间、术中出血...     

结直肠癌患者术后吻合口漏的相关危险因素分析

目的分析结直肠癌患者术后吻合口漏的相关危险因素。方法选取结直肠癌术后吻合口漏患者36例作为发生组,并以1∶1配比选取同期结直肠癌术后无吻合口漏患者36例作为未发生组。收集两组年龄、性别、肿瘤距肛门位置、肿瘤分期等临床信息,进行统计分析。结果肿瘤距肛门位置、肿瘤分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期、是否合并糖尿病、是否低蛋白、吻合口方式、有无术前新辅助化疗是结直肠癌患者术后发生吻合口漏的影响因素(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤距肛门位置<7cm、肿瘤Ⅲ、Ⅳ期、糖尿病、低蛋白、手工吻合、术前新辅助化疗是结直肠癌患者术后发生吻合口漏的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤距肛门位置<7cm、肿瘤Ⅲ、Ⅳ期、糖尿病、低蛋白、手工吻合、术前新辅助化疗是结直肠癌患者术后发生吻合口漏的危险因素,临床可据此实施干预措施,降低术后吻合口漏发生风险。     

结直肠癌术后肝转移的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

目的:分析结直肠癌术后肝转移的危险因素并构建预测模型.方法:选取2011年1月至2015年12月于苏州市第九人民医院行根治性手术切除的247例结直肠癌患者作为观察对象,依据随访是否出现肝转移分为转移组、非转移组.对两组各项指标进行单因素筛选,再行Logistic多因素回归分析,并建立预测模型,应用受试者工作特征(rec...     

结直肠癌术后呼吸道感染的发生率和危险因素分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者术后呼吸道感染的发生率和危险因素,为防治结直肠癌患者术后肺部感染提供理论依据。方法 回顾性收集本院2020年6月至2021年12月收治的结直肠癌患者1 604例。根据术后是否发生呼吸道感染,将患者分为感染组（n=40）和对照组（n=1 564）。比较两组临床特征。采用多因素logistic回归分析结直肠癌患者术后呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果 结直肠癌术后患者呼吸道感染的发生率为2.5%(40/1 604)。感染组术前白蛋白水平<35 g/L的患者比例较对照组增高（27.5%vs 13.1%,P=0.008）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,术前白蛋白水平<35 g/L是结直肠癌患者术后呼吸道感染的危险因素（OR=2.121,95%CI:1.019～4.416,P=0.044）。结论 术前白蛋白水平<35 g/L是结直肠癌患者术后呼吸道感染的危险因素。     

结直肠癌术后急性肠梗阻的危险因素分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌术后急性肠梗阻的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院248例行择期结直肠癌根治术的结直肠癌患者临床资料,根据术后1个月内是否发生急性肠梗阻分为急性肠梗阻组和非急性肠梗阻组,对两组相关因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:248例行择期结直肠癌根治术的结直肠癌患者中,35例（14.11%）发生急性肠梗阻（急性肠梗阻组）,213例（85.89%）未发生急性肠梗阻（非急性肠梗阻组）。两组性别、肿瘤直径、胃肠手术史、手术方法、手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;急性肠梗阻组年龄＞60岁、肿瘤分期偏高、开腹手术发生率均高于非急性肠梗阻组（P＜0.05）,而术后生长抑素使用率低于非急性肠梗阻组（P＜0.05）;其中年龄＞60岁、肿瘤分期偏高、开腹手术为影响结直肠癌根治术后急性肠梗阻发生的独立危险因素（OR=3.564、3.149、2.895,P＜0.05）,而术后使用生长抑素为影响结直肠癌根治术后急性肠梗阻发生的独立保护因素（OR=0.271,P＜0.05）。结论:对年龄＞60岁、肿瘤分期偏高、开腹手术治疗等术后急性肠梗阻高危的结直肠癌患者,应在术后予以生长抑素等防治措施,以减少急性肠梗阻等并发症发生,促进患者术后康复。     

结直肠癌腹腔镜手术患者术后肠梗阻发生率及影响因素分析

目的分析腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌后的肠梗阻发生率并探讨其影响因素。方法回顾性分析北京市第一中西医结合医院2010年3月至2018年9月收治的923例接受腹腔镜根治术的结直肠癌患者的资料。计算患者术后肠梗阻发生率,并按照其肠梗阻发生情况,将患者分为梗阻组和未梗阻组,比较两组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者术后肠梗阻的因素。结果923例患者中有45例术后30 d内发生肠梗阻,占488％,为梗阻组;未梗阻组878例。两组患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度、手术方式、吸烟史、术前低蛋白血症及腹部手术史比较差异均有统计学意义。Logistic多因素回归分析示年龄≥65岁、男性、直肠肿瘤、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、术中中转开腹、术前低蛋白血症是影响结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术后发生肠梗阻的独立危险因素。结论结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术后肠梗阻的发生受患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、TNM分期、手术方式及术前合并症等多种因素影响。     

结直肠癌根治术后并发静脉血栓栓塞的相关危险因素分析

目的 研究结直肠癌根治术后发生静脉血栓栓塞（venous thromboembolism,VTE）的相关危险因素,以期指导预防和治疗。 方法 选取2017年1月1日至2018年12月31日在四川省肿瘤医院行结直肠癌根治术后发生VTE的患者16例、同期未发生VTE的患者198例,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析结直肠癌根治术后并发静脉血栓栓塞的相关危险因素。 结果 经单因素分析,非VTE组和VTE组患者在年龄、既往VTE病史、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、高脂血症、手术时间、感染、术后制动时间、静脉穿刺次数上存在统计学差异（P<0.05）;而在性别、是否吸烟、是否嗜酒、BMI、是否合并呼吸系统疾病、术前是否放化疗、AJCC分期、肿瘤部位、术中出血、是否输血上无统计学差异。将单因素整理出的相关危险因素进行赋值后行多因素Logistic回归分析得出年龄、既往VTE病史、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、高脂血症、手术时间、感染、术后制动时间、静脉穿刺次数与结直肠癌根治术后并发静脉血栓栓塞有回归关系。 结论 结直肠癌术后易并发静脉血栓栓塞,对于年龄较大、既往有VTE病史同时合并基础内科疾病的患者术中应尽量缩短手术时间,术后注意预防感染、加强活动、降低静脉穿刺次数,预防术后静脉血栓栓塞的形成。     

开放性手术与腹腔镜术对结直肠癌患者术后并发症的不同风险因素分析

目的:探讨分析结直肠癌开放性手术与腹腔镜手术术后并发症风险因素,为临床疾病治疗、预后及预防术后并发症提供一定的理论依据.方法:研究对象为于2012年2月至2015年2月收治的结直肠癌手术患者共324例,按手术方式不同分为开放性手术组168例,腹腔镜手术组156例,收集并对比分析两组患者的一般资料,选取性别、年龄、腹部手术史、结直肠癌TNM分期、手术相关情况作为待分析危险因素,从而对两组患者术后并发症进行风险因素分析.结果:开放手术组并发症发生率为41.67％,高于腹腔镜手术组的25％,经统计学分析,P ＜0.05.其中在术后感染率、吻合口漏的发生中两组差异显著,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.随访患者至出院后30天,324例中发生并发症的患者年龄、手术时间及术中失血量指标上差异显著,经统计学分析,P＜0.05.而腹部手术史、性别分布及癌症TNM分期对患者并发症发生与否无明显影响,P＞0.05.探讨手术方式对并发症的影响,结果显示,手术时间及术中失血量与并发症的发生有明确关系,P ＜0.05,而年龄影响不大,P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论:腹腔镜下治疗结直肠癌具有损伤小、出血少、术程快及术后并发症少的优点,且可避免年龄、输血及失血量等多种术后并发症风险因素.     

肺癌患者医院感染危险因素分析

目的:探讨肺癌患者医院感染的特点与危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法:回顾调查我院1 280例肺癌的患者临床资料,对医院感染各种危险因素分别进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:1 280例肺癌出院病例中,98例(7.7%)发生医院感染,感染部位依次为呼吸系(73.5%)、胃肠系(11.2%)和泌尿系(8.2%)等。医院感染的病原菌多为耐药的条件致病菌和真菌,以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占56.7%,真菌占23.0%。医院感染与年龄(P=0.033)、临床分期(P=0.001)、PS评分(P=0.015)、侵入性操作(P=0.000)、手术(P=0.029)、放疗(P=0.022)、化疗(P=0.001)、贫血(P=0.000)、中性粒细胞减少(P=0.000)、使用抗生素(P=0.035)、使用激素(P=0.000)、血清白蛋白降低(P=0.000)、合并糖尿病(P=0.019)以及住院时间(P=0.000)密切相关。Logistic多因素分析显示,临床分期(P=0.024)、PS评分(P=0.012)、侵入性操作(P=0.000)、化疗(P=0.000)、贫血(P=0.036)、中性粒细胞减少(P=0.001)和住院时间(P=0.000)是肺癌患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素。医院感染不但延长患者的住院时间,还增加患者的病死率。结论:肺癌患者是医院感染的高危人群,医院感染是多种因素共同作用的结果;控制感染的危险因素,规范抗肿瘤治疗,提高机体免疫力是防控肺癌患者医院感染的主要措施。     

溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌的危险因素及癌变机制

溃疡性结肠炎为一种难治性、易复发且有癌变倾向的炎症性肠病.近年来溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌（ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer,UC-CRC）发病率呈上升趋势,其病因和确切的发病机制尚未明确,UC-CRC是溃疡性结肠炎最为严重的并发症.目前,多数学者认为此病是多环节、多因素、多基因改变综合作用的结果,被WHO列为现代难治性疾病之一.本文对溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌的危险因素、发病机制以及预防作一综述.     

Risk factors for metachronous colorectal cancer following a primary colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study

Individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) are at risk of developing a metachronous CRC. We examined the associations between personal, tumour‐related and lifestyle risk factors, and risk of metachronous CRC. A total of 7,863 participants with incident colon or rectal cancer who were recruited in the USA, Canada and Australia to the Colon Cancer Family Registry during 1997‐2012, except those identified as high‐risk, for example, Lynch syndrome, were followed up approximately every 5 years. We estimated the risk of metachronous CRC, defined as the first new primary CRC following an interval of at least one year after the initial CRC diagnosis. Observation time started at the age at diagnosis of the initial CRC and ended at the age at diagnosis of the metachronous CRC, last contact or death whichever occurred earliest, or were censored at the age at diagnosis of any metachronous colorectal adenoma. Cox regression was used to derive hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean follow‐up of 6.6 years, 142 (1.81%) metachronous CRCs were diagnosed (mean age at diagnosis 59.8; incidence 2.7/1,000 person‐years). An increased risk of metachronous CRC was associated with the presence of a synchronous CRC (HR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.30–5.72) and the location of cancer in the proximal colon at initial diagnosis (compared with distal colon or rectum, HR = 4.16; 95% CI: 2.80–6.18). The presence of a synchronous CRC and the location of the initial CRC might be useful for deciding the intensity of surveillance colonoscopy for individuals diagnosed with CRC.     

Risk factors for peritoneal dissemination of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to clarify the risk factors associated with positive peritoneal dissemination (PPD) of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: From June 2000 to September 2002, 143 CRC patients who underwent elective curative (79.0%) or non-curative (21.0%) open laparotomy were prospectively studied. Clinical evaluations including classical factors, colonoscopic evaluation, intraoperative evaluation, and pathological features were recorded. PPD was diagnosed when macro- (MAPD) or microscopic peritoneal dissemination (MIPD) was evident. Positive peritoneal cytology from initially existing ascites or washing lavage indicated MIPD. Various factors were analyzed with univariate (Chi-square test) and then multivariate analyses (logistic regression test) to search for the risk factors of PPD. RESULTS: Overall, MIPD, MAPD, and PPD were found in 2.8%, 6.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified age (< or =59 years), CA19-9 (> or = 34.6 U/ml), poor differentiation, circumferential involvement (> or = 3 quadrants), ascites volume (>80 ml), pN+, and pT4 as risk factors of PPD. PPD did not occur in patients with well-differentiated tumors, less circumferential involvement (< 2 quadrants), or no lymph node metastasis. After multivariate analysis, CA19-9 (Odds ratio (95% CI), 8.6 (1.7-43.1)), pT4 (9.0 (1.3-61.0)), and age (5.26 (1.1-25.0)) remained significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: CA19-9 (> or = 34.6 U/ml), pT4, and age (< or =59 years) were significant risk factors of PPD.     

普通外科肿瘤病人术后手术部位感染的易感因素分析

目的：探讨普外肿瘤病人术后手术部位感染（surgical site infection,SSI）的相关易感因素。方法：回顾性分析我院普外科2008年9月-2010年9月实施的638例肿瘤病人手术部位发生感染的情况。结果：638例肿瘤病人,有61例发生SSI,占9.6%。单因素分析显示SSI与手术类别、手术时间、术前预防性应用抗生素、切口类型、术前白蛋白水平、手术方式及ASA分级有明显相关性（P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前白蛋白水平、切口类型及ASA分级是诱发普外肿瘤病人SSI的独立高危因素（P〈0.05）。结论：切口类型、术前白蛋白水平以及ASA分级是SSI的独立危险因素,针对以上高危因素及早采取合理、有效的防治措施是减少普外肿瘤病人SSI的关键。     

乳腺癌术后化疗患者感染的影响因素分析

目的：分析乳腺癌患者术后化疗发生感染的影响因素,并提出相应的干预对策。方法回顾性分析268例乳腺癌术后化疗患者的感染可能相关因素,并对相关因素进行Logistic分析。结果本研究患者感染率为17.16%,其中呼吸道感染20例,皮肤软组织感染9例,口腔黏膜感染7例,其他感染10例;经Logistic回归分析,化疗周期﹥3个,抗菌使用药物﹥2种,白细胞计数﹤4×109/L,血清白蛋白﹤35 g/L,CD4+/CD8+值﹥1.33,年龄≥60岁,行乳腺癌扩大根治术是乳腺癌患者术后化疗发生感染的危险因素,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论对于白细胞计数过低,化疗3个周期以上,免疫力低下的乳腺癌术后化疗老年患者应采取积极预防措施。     

普通外科肿瘤病人术后手术部位感染的易感因素分析

目的:探讨普外肿瘤病人术后手术部位感染(surgical site infection,SSI)的相关易感因素。方法:回顾性分析我院普外科2008年9月-2010年9月实施的638例肿瘤病人手术部位发生感染的情况。结果:638例肿瘤病人,有61例发生SSI,占9.6%。单因素分析显示SSI与手术类别、手术时间、术前预防性应用抗生素、切口类型、术前白蛋白水平、手术方式及ASA分级有明显相关性(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前白蛋白水平、切口类型及ASA分级是诱发普外肿瘤病人SSI的独立高危因素(P<0.05)。结论:切口类型、术前白蛋白水平以及ASA分级是SSI的独立危险因素,针对以上高危因素及早采取合理、有效的防治措施是减少普外肿瘤病人SSI的关键。     

Risk factors for colorectal cancer in northeast Thailand: lifestyle related.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer is variable around the world. Hiroshima, Japan had the highest incidence in men in 1997 with an age-standardized rate of 86.7 per 100,000 and New Zealand had the highest, at 40.6 per 100,000, in women. The incidence of colorectal cancer in Thailand is rather low and the latest figures for Northeast of Thailand are 7.1 per 100,000 for men and 4.7 for women. The reasons for these differences between countries are possibly due to variation in dietary habits, alcohol drinking or other cofactors. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand during 2002-2006 to study risk factors for colorectal cancer in a low risk area. Totals of 253 colorectal cancer cases (males 135, females 118) and 253 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Information on dietary habits, alcohol drinking, smoking and other information were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for further study. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Results: In the final model of multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors for colorectal cancer were a family history of cancer (OR=1.9 95%CI=1.2-2.9) and meat consumption (OR=1.0 95%CI=1.0007-1.0026). For BMI, subjects with higher BMI unexpectedly had a lower risk of colorectal cancer (OR=0.5 95%CI=0.3-0.8). Conclusion: Our study confirmed risk factors for colorectal cancer i.e. meat consumption and cancer in the family (genetic problem). However, the results for BMI are the reverse of expected, underlining one limitation of hospital-based case-control studies, in which cases are ill and admitted to the hospital at late stage.     

Risk factors for metachronous adenoma in patients with stage I/II colorectal cancer after radical surgery

BackgroundIt is important to implement a preventive strategy for early detection and endoscopic removal of metachronous adenoma in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we retrospectively explored the associated factors of metachronous adenoma in these patients.MethodsThis study recruited 551 patients with stage I and II CRC who underwent radical surgery between January 1, 2012 and July 1, 2017 with postoperative colonoscopic surveillance. Data on clinicopathological characteristics and surveillance colonoscopies were obtained from medical records. Univariate analysis by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards model were used to identify the factors associated with metachronous adenoma.ResultsMetachronous adenoma was detected in 110 (20.0%) patients. In these patients, 94.5% (104/110) had metachronous adenoma within 3 years postoperatively. Age, synchronous adenoma, hypertension, tumor stage, and surgical resection were correlated with metachronous adenoma in patients with stage I-II CRC after radical resection (log rank test, P<0.05). Multivariate analyses showed that synchronous adenoma (HR =2.515, 95% CI: 1.691–3.742, P<0.01); stage II (HR =2.066, 95% CI: 1.329–3.210, P<0.01); and left-side colorectal resection (HR =2.207, 95% CI: 1.292–3.772, P<0.01) were independent risk factors.ConclusionsSynchronous adenoma, left-side colorectal resection, and stage II cancer are independent risk factors of metachronous adenoma in patients with previous stage I and II CRC. In patients with risk factors, an enhanced colonoscopic strategy might be needed for early detection and timely endoscopic removal of metachronous adenoma.