通降胃灵汤治疗功能性消化不良74例

用自拟通降胃灵汤治疗功能性消化不良７４例，并与西药吗丁啉对照观察。结果表明通降胃灵汤组总有效率为９０．５％．吗丁啉组总有效率为７０．４％，用通降胃灵汤治疗前后症状明显改善，经统计学处理具有非常显著性意义。两组疗程前后均未发现副作用。因此认为通降胃灵汤是治疗功能性消化不良比较安全有效且值得进一步研究的药物。     

疏肝和胃法治疗功能性消化不良102例

目的观察疏肝和胃法治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。方法将162例功能性消化不良病人随机化分为治疗组102例，以疏肝和胃法组方内服中药治疗；对照组60例，予吗丁啉口服治疗。结果治疗组总有效率95．1％，对照组总有效率68．33％，治疗组明显优于对照组。结论以疏肝和胃法组方治疗功能性消化不良有显著疗效，值得临床推广应用。     

通降胃灵汤治疗功能性消化不良74例

用自拟通降胃灵汤治疗功能性消化不良７４例，并与西药吗丁啉对照观察。结果表明通降肾灵汤组总有效率为９０．５％，吗丁啉组总有效率为７０．４％，用通降胃灵汤治疗前后症状明显改善，经统计学处理具有非常显著性意义。两组疗程前后均未发现副作用。因此认为通降胃灵汤是治疗功能性消化不良比较安全有效且值得进一步研究的药物。     

消化不良：理气复胃口服液治疗功能性消化不良Ⅱ期临床试验

60例功能性消化不良（FD）：采用双盲双模拟法，选择FD病人30例为治疗组，予理气复胃口服液（四川正大药物研究所提供）加莫沙比利模拟片治疗：30例为对照组，予莫沙必利片加理气复胃口服液模拟液治疗。结果：治疗组总有效率为97％对照组为96％（P〉0．05）；     

健脾和胃解郁汤治疗老年功能性消化不良100例

[目的]观察自拟方健脾和胃解郁汤治疗功能性消化不良的临床疗效。[方法]将200例患者随机分为2组,每组100例。设为治疗组和对照组。治疗组用自拟健脾和胃解郁汤（党参、白术、茯苓、木香、枳壳、柴胡、莱菔子、山楂、麦芽、茵陈、黄芩、青皮、厚朴、白芍、甘草）为主治疗;对照组应用西药吗丁啉片剂治疗。分别于治疗前与治疗4周后进行评分,比较疗效。[结果]治疗组总有效率为91．0％,对照组为71．0％,z组比较,差异有统计学意义（p〈o．01）。[结论]健脾和胃解郁汤是治疗老年功能性消化不良的有效方剂之一。     

金四汤治疗非溃疡性消化不良38例疗效观察

为探讨治疗非溃疡性消化不良（NUD）的理想方剂，采用金四汤治疗NUD38例，并与西药对照组（32例）比较，结果：痊愈率及总有效率治疗组分别为73．7％，92．1％；对照组为50．0％，71．9％．两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；1年复发率治疗组为7．1％，对照组为37．5％（P＜0．05），治疗组在缓解临床症状方面优于对照组。并对金四汤的作用机制作了初步探讨。结果表明，金四汤具有疏肝和胃，理气调血作用，对促进消化，增强胃肠功能有显著疗效。是治疗NUD的理想方剂。     

四逆散加味治疗功能性消化不良180例

目的观察四逆散加味治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。方法300例患者按3：2比例随机分为2组，治疗组180例用四逆散加味治疗。对照组120例用莫沙必利治疗。结果总有效率治疗组92．8％，对照组76．7％，两组差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论四逆散加味治疗功能性消化不良有良好疗效。     

柴胡汤治疗功能性消化不良37例

目的观察柴胡汤治疗功能性消化不良的疗效．方法73例功能性消化不良的患者，随机分为二组．A组（治疗组）服中药“柴胡汤”1剂／d；B组（对照组）服西沙必利5mg，3次／d，疗程均为4wk．疗程结束后，根据消化不良症状的变化评级来评价效疗．结果A组总有效率89．2％，B组总有效率91．7％，二组比较，无显著性差异（P＞0．05），两组均未见严重副反应．结论中药“柴胡汤”治疗功能性消化不良有效，与西沙必利可比     

金四汤治疗非溃疡性消化不良38例疗效观察

为探讨治疗非溃疡性消化不良的理想方剂，采用金四汤ＮＵＤ３８例，并与西药对照组比较，结果，痊愈率及总有效率治疗组分别为７３．７％，９２．１％对照组为５０．０％〈７１．９％，两组比较有显著性差异；１年复发率治疗组为７．１％，对照组为３７．５％，治疗治疗组在缓解临床症状方面优于对照组。并对金四汤的作用机制作了初步探讨。结果表明，金四汤具有疏肝和胃，理气调血作用，对促进消化，增强胃肠功能有显著疗效。是治疗     

四磨汤治疗功能性消化不良肝胃不和证的临床疗效及血清学影响

目的探讨中药方剂四磨汤加减治疗功能性消化不良肝胃不和证的有效性及血清学指标变化情况。方法将曙光医院136例功能性消化不良肝胃不和证患者随机分成两组,对照组和观察组,每组68例。对照组口服多潘立酮片,观察组口服多潘立酮片加四磨汤。比较疗程结束后临床效果、中医症候变化以及血清学指标变化情况。结果观察组总有效率为92.65%,高于对照组80.88%,有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组中医症状改善变化较对照组佳,有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组与对照组在治疗后NO、CCK、Ach E及SP四个血清学指标均较治疗前明显好转(P0.05),观察组上述四个指标变化情况优于对照组,NO、Ach E差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论四磨汤联合多潘立酮可更有效缓解肝胃不和型功能性消化不良患者症状,同时对血清学指标有较好改善作用。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

南通市老年人生命质量影响因素的因子分析

目的 了解南通市老年人的生命质量及其影响因素.方法 2010年7月应用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)对南通市994例＞60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,探索性因子分析生命质量的影响因素.结果 英国权重计算城市老年人生命质量指数得分均数(0.590±0.092)高于农村老年人(0.560±0.115),农村老年人得分高于养老院老年人(0.447 ±0.154).社会经济因素、闲暇生活方式、慢性病、睡眠食欲、婚姻家庭和社会支持是影响老年人生命质量的主要因子.结论 政府应完善养老保险和医疗保险制度,加强老年人慢性病的健康管理,促进居家养老服务体系建设.     

胆囊腺肌增生症23例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊腺肌增生症的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法在1046例胆囊切除术中,对病理检查确诊的23例胆囊腺肌增生症的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者术前均行超声、CT或MRI检查。结果23例胆囊腺肌增生症临床表现与慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。病变大体形态:局限型13例(均位于胆囊底部)、节段型7例和弥漫型3例。23例均行胆囊切除,合并胆囊结石6例,合并胆囊炎14例。结论胆囊腺肌增生症是一种好发于成年人的胆囊壁增生性病变,此病常与慢性胆囊炎、胆石症并存,临床诊断困难,确诊需依赖病理检查。联合超声、CT和MRI等影像学检查可提高术前诊断准确度。目前手术是治疗的最好方法。     

糖尿病肾病血液透析护理效果分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病血液透析中不同护理模式的护理效果。方法选择该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的糖尿病肾病患者72例。该次选取的病例均拟行血液透析治疗,按照随机数表将患者分为对照组(35例)和观察组(37例),其中对照组在患者血液透析期间行常规基础护理,观察组行优质护理干预,观察两种不同的护理模式对患者血液透析的影响。结果观察组患者因低血压等中断透析的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析期间并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的生活质量SF-36评分均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病患者透析期间行优质护理,有助于保障血液透析的顺利开展,同时降低各种并发症的风险,使得患者的生活质量有最基本的保障。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.