艾滋病的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗、疗效观察及其对免疫功能的影响

目的 为探讨艾滋病高效抗逆转录病毒治疗、疗效观察及其对免疫功能的影响.方法 应用HAART疗法对4例有严重免疫功能低下的HIV/AIDS病人进行治疗.结果 所有病人在治疗4周HIV复制被明显抑制,血浆病毒载量平均下降1.99log/ml(0.73～2.46log/ml),CD_8~ 、CD_4~ 细胞和血浆IL-2浓度在4～12周后持续性显著增高,上升幅度分别为67.2%,103.0%,255.1%,而血浆sIL-2R、IL-6、TNF-α、sTNFR-I、Neopterin浓度在治疗4～12周后持续下降至正常水平或以下.HAART治疗后各因素变化间的相关性分析显示,CD_4~ 细胞数与CD_8~ 、CD_3~ 细胞和血浆IL-2浓度之间,血浆病毒载量与sIL-2R、IL-6、TNF-α、sTNFR-I、Neopterin之间,sTNFR-I和Neopterin与sIL-2R、IL-6、TNF-α之间均存在明显正直线相关性;而CD_4~ 细胞数与血浆病毒载量、sIL-2R、sTNFR-I、Neopterin之间.以及IL-2和sIL-2R之间则有明显负直线相关性.结论 抗病毒治疗效果、病毒复制和免疫活化间具有密切关系,HAART治疗能快速有效地抑制HIV-1的复制,纠正机体免疫功能紊乱和重建免疫功能;外周血CD_4~ 细胞数、血浆病毒载量、IL-2、sIL-2R、TNF-α、sTNFR-I、Neopterin的浓度变化可以作为HAART治疗效果评价的重要指标.     

Change in patterns of HIV status disclosure in the HAART era and association of HIV status disclosure with depression level among women

Whether widespread use of HAART changed patterns of HIV status disclosure among women living with HIV is largely unknown. In addition, the association between time to first HIV disclosure and depression has not been fully explored among women. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted among HIV-infected women from the Washington, DC site of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study to collect detailed information about their HIV status disclosure behavior. A sample of 202 HIV-positive women, 102 diagnosed prior to and 100 post-HAART era participated in this study. Relationships between treatment era when diagnosed (pre-HAART or HAART era) and patterns of HIV status disclosure, and associations between HIV status disclosure and depression level were examined using generalized linear regression models with generalized estimating equation to adjust for repeated measurements from the same individuals. Our analyses showed that treatment era was not associated with either comfort level of HIV status disclosure or time to first HIV disclosure to either family members or friends. However, women were less likely to disclose HIV status to their family members in the HAART era (P?=?0.006) after adjusting for social network type, comfort level of disclosure, time to first disclosure and length of follow-up time. In addition, longer time to first HIV disclosure, but not comfort level or extent of HIV status disclosure, was independently associated with depression levels as measured by CES-D score at study enrollment (“a few months after” vs “within a few days”: P?=?0.008). More definitive studies utilizing longitudinal designs should be conducted to further examine impact of HAART era on HIV status disclosure and effect of HIV status disclosure on mental health.     

HIV/AIDS合并血小板减少患者HAART后血小板复常的特征及影响因素分析

目的分析HIV/AIDS合并血小板减少患者在高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后血小板的复常特征,探讨影响复常的相关因素。方法采用回顾性分析,以2003年6月—2015年12月在北京地坛医院进行抗病毒治疗的132例HIV/AIDS合并血小板减少的患者为研究对象,分析患者HAART 4周和24周后血小板的复常率及基本特征。结果 1 132例患者中血小板轻度减少99例(75.00%),中度减少19例(14.39%),重度减少14例(10.61%)。患者HAART 4周、24周后血小板的复常率分别为63.9%、80.8%,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.003)。2单因素Logistic分析提示通过血液传播(OR=4.632,P=0.024),合并HBs Ag阳性(OR=3.829,P=0.024)及合并抗HCV阳性(OR=6.476,P=0.020)是影响血小板复常的因素,多因素Logistic分析提示合并HBs Ag阳性(OR=4.345,P=0.027)是影响血小板复常的因素。结论 HAART为HIV/AIDS合并血小板减少最有效的方法,尽早HAART可避免血小板持续降低。HBs Ag阳性是影响血小板复常的主要因素。对于存在危险因素的患者应该给予重视,尽早做出干预措施。     

Predictors of Serostatus Disclosure to Partners Among Young People Living with HIV in the Pre- and Post-HAART Eras

Predictors of serostatus disclosure were identified among youth living with HIV pre- and post-introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Two cohorts of HIV-positive youth, aged 13–24, in 1994–1996 (n = 351) and 1999–2000 (n = 253) in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Miami were sampled through medical providers and a variety of social service agencies. Data were collected on demographic, social, medical, and behavioral topics. Men who had sex with men were more likely to disclose serostatus to their partners. Moreover, a positive association with length of time since diagnosis and the likelihood of disclosure exists; across time, youth were less likely to disclose serostatus to casual partners or HIV-negative partners. Post-HAART, number of sex acts with a partner was associated with increased likelihood of disclosure. Interventions for HIV-positive youth must improve disclosure to casual and serodiscordant sexual partners.     

Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients coinfected with HIV in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), 1999–2007

Summary. Liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of non‐AIDS‐related morbidity and mortality in patients infected with HIV. We assessed the frequency of and predictors for initiation of treatment for HCV infection among patients coinfected with HCV/HIV enrolled in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) during 1999–2007. We included patients with confirmed HCV infection, at least 1 year of subsequent follow‐up, and no evidence of prior HCV treatment. We assessed predictors of HCV treatment initiation using Cox proportional hazards analyses. During 1999–2007, 103 (20%) HOPS patients coinfected with HCV/HIV initiated HCV treatment during a median of 4.3 years of follow‐up (interquartile range: 2.7, 6.7). In multivariable analysis, non‐Hispanic black race/ethnicity (hazard ratio HR] 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2, 0.6) was independently associated with a lower likelihood of HCV treatment. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT; HR 3.5; 95% CI = 2.2, 5.6) and CD4+ cell count ≥500 cells/mm³ (HR 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.8) at the start of observation were independently associated with higher likelihood of HCV treatment. For patients starting observation in 1999–2001, 2002–2004 and 2005–2007, 5%, 11% and 21% of patients initiated treatment during the first year of follow‐up, respectively. Between 1999 and 2007, despite a stable low fraction of patients coinfected with HCV/HIV initiating treatment for HCV infection, an increasing proportion initiated treatment within the first year after the infection was confirmed. Treatment of HCV infection in patients coinfected with HCV/HIV should be considered a priority, given the increased risk of accelerated end‐stage liver disease.     

含克力芝组合的HAART方案对HIV/HCV混合感染的疗效探讨

目的探讨含克力芝(LPV/r)组合的高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)方案,对艾滋病病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)混合感染治疗的效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选择HIV/HCV混合感染患者43例,通过Spw-Pb网络数据平台随机分为研究组与对照组。研究组22例,采用以洛匹那韦/利托那韦(LPV/r)为基础的HAART治疗方案;对照组21例,采用以依非韦伦(EFV)为基础的HAART治疗方案。研究组与对照组检测基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、HIV病毒载量、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)等指标;治疗后48周分别检测上述指标,研究终点为48周。观察病毒学、免疫学、ALT、CHO、TG等指标的变化。结果 HAART治疗48周,研究组与对照组HIV-RNA阴转率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组与对照组基线CD4+T淋巴细胞、ALT、CHO、TG比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);HAART治疗48周,研究组CD4+T淋巴细胞计数增长明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而研究组与对照组ALT、CHO、TG比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论含LPV/r组合的抗病毒方案对HIV/HCV混合感染治疗效果较优越,CD4+T淋巴细胞增长较明显,胆固醇、甘油三酯变化不大,建议HIV/HCV混合感染HAART治疗选择LPV/r方案为佳。     

Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Philadelphia: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Behavioral Surveillance System Survey

The main objective of this study was to determine the demographic, geographic and socioeconomic characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Philadelphia that were associated with having a recent HIV test. We used data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) surveys from 2011 and 2014 among MSM in Philadelphia, with the outcome of interest of having received an HIV test in the past twelve months. Of 1043 HIV-negative MSM, 70.2% had an HIV test. Multivariable analysis showed that seeing a medical provider (aOR: 1.73; p?=?.0039) or having heard of PrEP (aOR: 2.24; p?<?.0001) was associated with recent HIV testing. Those participants forty-five years of age or older (aOR 0.40, p?=?.0001) and those with Medicaid had lower rates of HIV testing (aOR 0.48, p?=?.002). Although over 80% of participants had seen a medical provider in the past year, only 50% had been offered an HIV test by a provider. Optimizing HIV testing through the expansion and increased awareness of PrEP, especially among older MSM, is critical. Further research is needed to delineate barriers that prevent MSM from utilizing medical providers for HIV testing and for those with Medicaid from receiving HIV testing.     

Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes Among Adults Living with HIV in the HAART Era: The Interplay of Changes in Clinical Factors and Symptom Profile

Changes in quality-of-life perceptions and their relations to clinical status for 41 adult outpatients living with HIV/AIDS were assessed over a 4-year period. Clinical variables and quality-of-life (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-36) ratings were measured in three waves (T1, 1997; T2, 1999; T3, 2001). Mean T1-T3 CD4 increase was 196 cells/microL (p < .0001), corresponding to a mean viral load reduction of 1.4 log10 copies/mL (p < .0001) and an increase in proportions with "undetectable" viral load status from 32% to 61% (p < .01). The T1-T2 increase in overall mean number of symptoms (including both disease-related symptom complex and treatment side effects) was mitigated by T2-T3 symptom reduction. Quality-of-life dimensions were generally stable or slightly improved over time for the overall sample, a finding that contrasts with pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy longitudinal research. Mental aspects of quality of life remained consistently lower than reference norms. Results of multiple regression suggested that quality of life was less sensitive to immunologic/virologic changes compared to responsiveness to symptom changes, consistent with cross-sectional inverse relations between symptom burden and quality of life. CD4 repletion offset negative effects of symptoms for some aspects of quality of life. The long-term course of quality of life was somewhat predicted by viral load suppression due to the conjoint influence of symptoms and CD4 count.