Inadequate Choline Intake in Pregnant Women in Germany

Choline is an essential nutrient that is involved in various developmental processes during pregnancy. While the general adequate choline intake (AI) for adults has been set at 400 mg/day by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), an AI of 480 mg/day has been derived for pregnant women. To date, the choline intake of pregnant women in Germany has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this survey, the total choline intake from dietary and supplementary sources in pregnant women was estimated using an online questionnaire. A total of 516 pregnant women participated in the survey, of which 283 met the inclusion criteria (13 to 41 weeks of gestational age, 19–45 years). 224 (79%) of the participants followed an omnivorous diet, 59 (21%) were vegetarian or vegan. Median choline intake was 260.4 (±141.4) mg/day, and only 19 women (7%) achieved the adequate choline intake. The median choline intake of omnivores was significantly higher than that of vegetarians/vegans (269.5 ± 141.5 mg/day vs. 205.2 ± 101.2 mg/day; p < 0.0001). 5% (13/283) of pregnant women took choline-containing dietary supplements. In these women, dietary supplements provided 19% of the total choline intake. Due to the importance of choline for the developmental processes during pregnancy, the study results prove the urgent need for an improved choline supply for pregnant women.     

Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Nutrients Intake of Pregnant Women in the South-East of Spain

Proper nutrition during pregnancy is pivotal to maintain good health for the child and the mother. This study evaluates the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to assess nutrient intake during pregnancy in the GENEIDA (Genetics, Early life Environmental Exposures and Infant Development in Andalusia) prospective birth cohort study. In addition, the nutrient intake was estimated and then compared with European guidelines and other studies. Diet information was collected from 690 pregnant women using a FFQ administered at two periods of pregnancy (used for the reproducibility study) and 24-h dietary recall (for the validity study). Statistical approaches included Spearman’s correlation coefficient and percentage agreement, classifying women into the same or adjacent quintiles to assess reproducibility, and limits of agreement (LoA) to evaluate validity. In the study of reproducibility, significant correlations for nutrients adjusted for total energy had an average of 0.417. Moreover, the percentage of subjects classified in the same quintile for nutrient intakes were above 66%. In the validation study, the significant correlation for nutrients adjusted for total energy had an average of 0.272. Nevertheless, the percentage of results in the LoA was above 94%. Our results were similar to other studies suggesting that the FFQ used is a valid tool of collect dietary intakes for South-East Spanish pregnant women.     

Factors Associated with Home Food Environment in Low-Income Overweight or Obese Pregnant Women

Limited research has examined factors associated with home food availability. This study investigated the associations among demographics, body mass index category, stress, and home food availability among low-income overweight or obese pregnant women. This cross-sectional study enrolled 332 participants who were non-Hispanic black or white. We performed logistic regression modeling for unprocessed food, processed food, overall ultra-processed food, and three subcategories of ultra-processed food (salty snacks, sweet snacks and candies, and soda). Black women were less likely than white women to have large amounts of processed foods (OR = 0.56), salty snacks (OR = 0.61), and soda (OR = 0.49) available at home. Women with at least some college education or at least a college education were more likely to have large amounts of unprocessed food (OR = 2.58, OR = 4.38 respectively) but less likely to have large amounts of soda (OR = 0.44; OR = 0.22 respectively) available at home than their counterparts. Women with higher stress were less likely to have large amounts of unprocessed food available at home (OR = 0.58) than those with lower stress. Home food availability varied by race, education, and levels of stress in low-income overweight or obese pregnant women.     

北京市对项目社区孕妇妊娠危险因素的知信行调查

目的了解北京市项目社区孕妇对妊娠危险因素知识的掌握水平、态度和行为(知信行)现状,为建立供需双方联动的高危妊娠管理模式提供依据。方法围绕孕妇的健康状况和需求,自行设计调查问卷,现场调查北京市4个项目社区的孕妇。结果北京市项目社区孕妇对于妊娠危险因素知识的合格率为63.5%,且与孕妇户口类别、丈夫职业和家庭月收入相关;态度合格率达到94.1%,且与孕妇的文化程度相关;主动就医合格率为61.4%,且与孕妇的目前居住状态相关。孕妇对妊娠危险因素的知识、态度和行为得分间存在正相关。结论北京市在高危妊娠管理中须关注重点人群,尤其是流动孕妇,同时尚须借力孕妇的社会支持体系,逐步提高孕妇的自主保健意识,最终形成供需双方联动的管理模式。     

DHA in Pregnant and Lactating Women from Coastland,Lakeland, and Inland Areas of China: Results of a DHA Evaluation in Women (DEW) Study

Few studies have examined docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in pregnant and lactating women in developing countries like China, where DHA-enriched supplements are increasingly popular. We aimed to assess the DHA status among Chinese pregnant and lactating women residing areas differing in the availability of aquatic products. In total, 1211 women in mid-pregnancy (17 ± 2 weeks), late pregnancy (39 ± 2 weeks), or lactation (42 ± 7 days) were enrolled from Weihai (coastland), Yueyang (lakeland), and Baotou (inland) city, with approximately 135 women in each participant group by region. DHA concentrations were measured using capillary gas chromatography, and are reported as weight percent of total fatty acids. Mean plasma DHA concentrations were higher in coastland (mid-pregnancy 3.19%, late pregnancy 2.54%, lactation 2.24%) and lakeland women (2.45%, 1.95%, 2.26%) than inland women (2.25%, 1.67%, 1.68%) (p values < 0.001). Similar differences were observed for erythrocyte DHA. We conclude that DHA concentrations of Chinese pregnant and lactating women are higher in coastland and lakeland regions than in inland areas. DHA status in the study population appears to be stronger than populations from other countries studied to date.     

19例产妇死亡原因分析

目的对湛江市1998年1月—2002年12月间19例产妇死亡原因进行回顾性分析。结果5年间死亡产妇19例,占孕产妇死亡的15!32%;在死亡的19例产妇中,孕周大于或等于28周的14例,占73.68%,半数以上的产妇未做过产前检查,有产前检查的产妇没有1例产检次数达到5次;职业为农民的产妇比例大,产妇死亡地点在基层占多数;死亡原因以妊高征居首位,其次是妊娠合并心脏病、前置胎盘大出血、宫外孕破裂大出血。提示,孕产妇孕期保健管理存在着薄弱环节;要加强孕产妇管理,大力宣传孕产期保健;提高孕产妇的自我保健意识,让每位孕产妇都能得到孕产期应有的保健服务,是不容忽略的重要措施。     

妊娠期TORCH筛查与妊娠结局探讨

目的了解本地区孕妇TORCH(弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒)感染状况及其与不良妊娠结局之间的关系。方法应用ELISA法检测1047例孕妇血清中TORCH-IgM和TORCH-IgG。结果孕妇血清中TOXO-IgM阳性率为0.39%,RV-IgM阳性率为0.38%,CMV-IgM阳性率为0.67%,HSV-I-IgM阳性率为0.58%,HSV-Ⅱ-IgM阳性率为0.69%:本次不良妊娠结局孕妇TORCH-IgM阳性率明显高于正常妊娠者,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论孕妇应常规、追踪进行TORCH血清学检测:孕妇TORCH感染严重影响妊娠结局。     

2010年桂林市孕产妇艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的 了解桂林市孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒、丙肝的感染情况以及艾滋病相关知识水平,为预防控制提供依据.方法 2010-04/06对初次到哨点医院的400名孕产妇进行问卷调查并进行HIV、丙型肝炎和梅毒抗体检测.结果 检测对象艾滋病防治知识的8道核心问题知晓率(至少答对6道题)为57.0％,HIV抗体阳性率为0.25％(10/400),梅毒抗体(RPR)阳性率为0.25％ (1/400),未检出丙肝阳性.结论 桂林市孕产妇艾滋病知识知晓率较低,建议加强婚前HIV检测和孕期HIV检测,预防母婴传播.     

Influences of Morning Sickness on Dietary Iron Intake and Its Bioavailability of Pregnant Women During Early Pregnancy

More than one-third of fertile women in Korea have depleted iron stores within their bodies and are at risk of developing iron deficiency during pregnancy. It is recognized that morning sickness during early pregnancy reduces dietary diversity and nutrient intake. This study was conducted to determine whether morning sickness influences dietary iron intake and its bioavailability. Over 80% of the subjects in this study experienced morning sickness. Morning sickness reduced dietary intakes of total iron and seemed to decrease both heme and non-heme iron and diminish iron bioavailability with a decline in the consumption of enhancing factors for iron absorption. These results imply that as pregnancy progresses, those women who experienced morning sickness, especially severely, are likely to be iron-deficient.     

Polyphenol Intake in Pregnant Women on Gestational Diabetes Risk and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: A Systematic Review

The intake of foods containing polyphenols can have a protective role to avoid comorbidities during pregnancy and, at the same time, promote transgenerational health. This review aims to describe the effect of polyphenol intake through supplements or polyphenol-rich foods during pregnancy on the incidence and evolution of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as the link with the neurodevelopment of the fetus. Using PRISMA procedures, a systematic review was conducted by searching in biomedical databases (PubMed, Cinahl and Scopus) from January to June 2022. Full articles were screened (n = 419) and critically appraised. Fourteen studies were selected and were divided into two different thematic blocks considering (i) the effect of polyphenols in GDM and (ii) the effect of GDM to mental disorders in the offspring. A positive relationship was observed between the intake of polyphenols and the prevention and control of cardiometabolic complications during pregnancy, such as GDM, which could be related to thwarted inflammatory and oxidative processes, as well as neuronal factors. GDM is related to a greater risk of suffering from diseases related to neurodevelopment, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and learning disorder. Further clinical research on the molecule protective mechanism of polyphenols on pregnant women is required to understand the transgenerational impact on fetal neurodevelopment.     

Factors Associated with Beverage Intake in Low-Income,Overweight, or Obese Pregnant Women

This study examined consumption proportions and factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), and 100% fruit juice (FJ) consumption. We recruited Non-Hispanic Black (n = 136) and White (n = 192) low-income overweight or obese pregnant women aged 18 to 46 years (mean = 25.7 years) from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics in Michigan, USA. Independent variables included weight status, trimester, smoking, stress, education, employment, race, and age. Dependent variables were high (consuming ≥ 1 serving/day) versus low consumptions of SSB, ASB, and 100% FJ. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to examine factors associated with beverage consumption. Out of the sample, 48.2%, 6.7%, and 31.3% reported high SSB, ASB, and 100% FJ consumption, respectively. SSB consumption was associated with smoking (OR: 3.77, p < 0.001), education (OR: 0.57, p = 0.03), and race (OR: 1.69, p = 0.03). Artificially sweetened beverage consumption was not associated with any factors examined. One hundred percent FJ consumption was associated with stress (OR: 0.90, p = 0.03) and race (OR: 4.48, p < 0.001). Clinicians may advocate for reductions in SSB and 100% FJ consumption tailored to client consumption characteristics.     

某医院2010-2016年孕妇感染乙肝情况调查分析

目的探讨某医院2010-2016年孕妇感染乙肝情况。方法以本院2010-2016年收治的9366例孕妇作为调查对象,利用化学发光法对其进行乙肝五项定量检测,并对结果进行分析。结果 (1)9366例住院孕妇中,HBV感染者445例,阳性率为4.75%,同时合并HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)者141例,占1.51%。(2)HBsAg阳性率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势,但是不同年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.073,P=0.097)。(3)农村孕妇HBsAg阳性率(7.00%)明显高于城镇孕妇(2.08%),差异显著(χ~2=5.67,P=0.017);无乙肝疫苗接种史孕妇HBsAg阳性率(8.38%)明显高于有乙肝疫苗接种史孕妇(0.95%),差异显著(χ~2=6.515,P<0.001)。(4)感染乙肝的孕妇产后出血、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压及死胎的发生率明显高于未感染乙肝的孕妇,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论本院2010-2016年孕妇HBV感染情况不容忽视,应对适龄妇女和易感人群接种乙肝疫苗,以降低死胎、妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、产褥期感染和产后出血的发生率。     

80例未产妇女早孕药物流产临床观察

目的探讨高校医院妇产科开展药物流产的适应性。方法对既往妊娠次数小于或等于3次,停经小于60天的健康妇女,以“2112”顺序口服米非司酮片合并米索前列醇片行药物流产,对其成功率及流血情况进行统计分析。结果80例孕妇药物流产成功79例,占98·75%,流产后流血时间与正常月经差异不明显,无1例因流血多行清宫术。结论药物流产安全可靠,高校医院可广泛应用。     

汕尾地区妊娠妇女TORCH感染调查分析

目的了解汕尾地区妊娠妇女TORCH感染状况。为预防TORCH感染、降低新生儿出生缺陷发生率提供参考资料。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对476例妊娠妇女进行TORCH-IgM及IgG抗体检测。结果TORCH的10项检测结果包括Tox、RV、CMV、HSV-I和HSV-Ⅱ的IgM阳性率分别为3．36％、0．84％、2．73％、1．26％和1．68％,Tox、RV、CMV、HSV-I和HSV-Ⅱ的kG阳性率分别为11．10％、86．10％、81．90％、38．40％和15．30％。结论汕尾地区妊娠妇女弓形虫感染率最高．其次是巨细胞病毒。为减少因TORCH感染而导致新生儿出生缺陷,建议妊娠妇女尽可能进行TORCH筛查;孕期TORCH感染者应采取一定的干预治疗措施．必要时终止妊娠．促进优生优育．提高人口素质。     

中国城乡孕产妇产前检查状况及其影响因素分析

以1997年全国人口与生殖健康调查数据中至少有1个存活孩子的妇女为研究对象，分析她们在生最小孩子时产前检查的现状及其影响因素，结果表明：城乡孕产妇对产前检查服务的利用不均等、产前检查次数少、首次检查开始时间较晚。妇女及其丈夫的教育程度、妇女年龄、现有孩子数、居住地形和经济收入是影响孕产妇产前检查的重要因素。     

孕中期妇女碘摄入影响因素的研究

目的：了解影响孕中期妇女碘摄入量的营养和其他方面的因素。方法：选择3-6个月的孕妇为调查对象。采用逐步回归分析方法来寻找孕中期妇女碘营养状况主要影响因素。结果：影响碘摄入量的主要因素有：总蛋白摄入量（β=0.456)、人均月收入（β=0.141)、常吃富含碘食物（β=-0.123)和经常偏食（β=-0.115)。     

北京石景山地区孕妇及婴幼儿血铅动态研究

在严格的质量保证措施下，对北京石景山地区２７０名孕妇及其婴儿进行了血铅的追踪调查。结果显示：孕３月血铅水平为４５．０μｇ／Ｌ，分娩前血铅水平为６４．８μｇ／Ｌ，孕期血铅呈升高趋势，其中后３月升高明显，分娩前血铅约为孕３月血铅的１．５倍；脐带血铅水平为５１．９μｇ／Ｌ，其中有１０．４％的胎儿脐血铅高于１００μｇ／Ｌ；婴幼儿血铅随月龄增加呈升高趋势，６月龄后升高明显。相关分析显示：妊娠３月血铅与妊娠６月血铅之间、分娩前血铅与脐带血铅之间、脐带血铅与婴幼儿血铅之间均有显著相关关系（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中分娩前血铅与脐带血铅之间、６月龄血铅与１２月龄血铅之间的相关系数分别为０．８０、０．４７。作者对孕期血铅升高及婴幼儿血铅随月龄升高的原因进行了分析。     

Evaluation of a Novel WeChat Applet for Image-Based Dietary Assessment among Pregnant Women in China

As an important part of antenatal care for pregnant women in China, dietary assessment plays a positive role in maternal and fetal health. Shortcomings in the associated methodologies require improvement. Our purpose was to develop a novel WeChat Applet for image-based dietary assessment (WAIDA) and evaluate its relative validity among pregnant women in China. Data on 251 lunch meals of pregnant women in their second trimester were analyzed. The differences in food weight, energy, and nutrient estimates by the dietary recall or WAIDA method with the weighing method were compared using paired t-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between food weight, energy, and nutrient intake obtained from the recall or WAIDA method and those obtained from the weighing method. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between the recall or WAIDA method and the weighing method for energy and nutrients. Compared with the weighing method, the variation range of food weight, energy and nutrients estimated by the WAIDA method was smaller and more stable than that estimated by the recall method. Compared with the recall method, the correlations suggested a better relationship between the energy and nutrient intakes from the weighing method and those estimated by the WAIDA method (0.752–0.970 vs. 0.480–0.887), which were similar to those of food weight (0.332–0.973 vs. −0.019–0.794). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences of the energy and nutrients estimated from the recall method were further away from zero relative to the weighing method compared to the WAIDA method and with numerically wider 95% confidence intervals. The spans between the upper and lower 95% limit of agreement (LOAs) of the energy and nutrients obtained by the WAIDA method were narrower than those obtained by the recall method, and the majority of the data points obtained by the WAIDA method lay between the LOAs, closer to the middle horizontal line. Compared with the recall method, the WAIDA method is consistent with the weighing method, close to the real value of dietary data, and expected to be suitable for dietary assessment in antenatal care.     

The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei,China

Water is an essential nutrient for humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 159 young adults aged 18–23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaires and the duplicate portion method, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to determine the relationship between fluid intake and 24 h urinary biomarkers and plasma biomarkers. A multivariable partial least squares (PLS) model was used to identify the key predictors in modeling the total water intake (TWI) with 24 h urine biomarkers. Logistic regressions of the TWI against binary variables were performed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was analyzed to determine the cutoff value of the TWI for the optimal hydration status and dehydration without adjustments to favor either the sensitivity or specificity. In total, 156 participants (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. Strong relationships were found between the total drinking fluids, TWI, and 24 h urine biomarkers among young adults, especially for the 24 h urine volume (r = 0.784, p < 0.001; r = 0.747, p < 0.001) and osmolality (r = −0.589, p < 0.001; r = −0.477, p < 0.001), respectively. As for the FMU and plasma biomarkers, no strong relationships were found. The percentages of the variance in TWI explained by the PLS model with 13 urinary biomarkers were 66.9%. The optimal TWI values for assessing the optimal hydration and dehydration were 2892 mL and 2482 mL for young males, respectively, and 2139 mL and 1507 mL for young females, respectively. Strong relationships were found between the TWI, total drinking fluids, and 24 h urine biomarkers, but not with the FMU and plasma biomarkers, among young adults, including males and females. The 24 h urine biomarkers were more sensitive than the first morning urinary biomarkers in reflecting the fluid intake. The TWI was a reliable index for assessing the hydration statuses for young adults in free-living conditions.     

乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇社会支持与焦虑、抑郁的相关性分析

目的了解简阳市乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇的社会支持、焦虑及抑郁现状并探讨三者的相关性,为医疗护理工作提供科学依据。方法应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对在简阳市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心就诊的乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇80例和对照孕妇320例进行调查。统计分析采用t检验、二分类Logistic回归和Pearson相关分析。结果乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇的社会支持总分为(46.42±4.44)分,家庭人均月收入较低者、夫妻感情很好者、非初产者及居住地为城镇者的社会支持度更高(t=2.454,2.017,-2.988,2.025,P<0.05),焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为5.0%和3.8%;社会支持总分高于对照组(t=2.214,P=0.027),抑郁评分低于对照组(t=-2.004,P=0.046);乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇的社会支持总分与焦虑、抑郁评分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.367,-0.390,P<0.01)。结论简阳市乙肝表面抗原阳性孕妇的社会支持度较高,总体处于无焦虑和抑郁状态,提高该人群的社会支持有助于缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪,促进身心健康。