Consumption of Dehulled Adlay Improved Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Individuals after a 6-Week Single-Arm Pilot Study

Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide with a rising prevalence. Diets containing whole grains have been demonstrated to benefit body composition and inflammatory conditions in individuals at a high risk of metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of dehulled adlay on blood lipids and inflammation in overweight and obese adults. We recruited 21 individuals with abdominal obesity to participate in a 6-week experiment, providing them 60 g of dehulled adlay powder per day as a substitute for their daily staple. Before and after the 6-week intervention, we performed anthropometric analyses and measured blood lipid profiles, adipokines, and markers of inflammation. At the end of the study, the percentage of body fat mass, blood total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, leptin, and malondialdehyde levels were also reduced. In addition, participants with higher basal blood lipid levels exhibited enhanced lipid lowering effects after the dehulled adlay intervention. These results suggest that a dietary pattern containing 60 g of dehulled adlay per day may have a beneficial effect on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in individuals that are overweight and obese.     

Administration with Quinoa Protein Reduces the Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Modifies the Fecal Microbiota

Despite the well-established role of quinoa protein as the source of antihypertensive peptides through in vitro enzymolysis, there is little evidence supporting the in vivo antihypertensive effect of intact quinoa protein. In this study, in vivo study on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was conducted by administering quinoa protein for five weeks. Gastrointestinal content identification indicated that many promising precursors of bioactive peptides were released from quinoa protein under gastrointestinal processing. Quinoa protein administration on SHRs resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure, a significant increase in alpha diversity, and microbial structure alternation towards that in non-hypertension rats. Furthermore, blood pressure was highly negatively correlated with the elevated abundance of genera in quinoa protein-treated SHRs, such as Turicibacter and Allobaculum. Interestingly, the fecal microbiota in quinoa protein-treated SHRs shared more features in the composition of genera with non-hypertension rats than that of the captopril-treated group. These results indicate that quinoa protein may serve as a potential candidate to lower blood pressure and ameliorate hypertension-related gut dysbiosis.     

年龄与原发性高血压患者血压晨峰的相关性研究

目的：探讨年龄对血压晨峰发生的影响。方法：选取2009年10月-2011年10月在本院查体的320例原发性高血压患者,根据患者的年龄将其分为≥60岁组148例和〈60岁组172例。所有患者均监测24 h动态血压,比较两组血压晨峰发生情况并分析年龄与血压晨峰之间的相关性。结果：≥60岁组的年龄、甘油三酯、舒张压、动态血压参数均明显高于〈60岁组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。≥60岁组高血压患者血压晨峰发生率53.4%明显高于〈60岁组的41.9%,血压晨峰值（33.1±18.1）mm Hg明显高于〈60岁组的（27.1±15.5）mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,血压晨峰与高血压患者年龄呈显著正相关（r=0.583,P〈0.05）。多元线性逐步回归显示,年龄、空腹血糖、24 h收缩压是引起血压晨峰现象的主要危险因素。结论：年龄与血压晨峰的发生显著相关,因此对于老年高血压患者监测24 h血压具有重要的临床意义。     

Tracking of Blood Pressure Among Adolescents and Young Adults in an Urban Slum of Puducherry

Background:

Early diagnosis of hypertension (HT) is an important strategy in its control. Tracking of blood pressure (BP) has been found useful in identifying persons with potential HT, particularly in youngsters. A cohort of 756 subjects (with baseline information as a cross-sectional study in 2002) was followed up in 2006 to comment on the distribution of BP and its attributes.

Objectives:

To track BP distribution in a cohort of adolescents and young adults, and assess the persistence of high/low normotensives; to measure the incidence of HT and study the relationship of BP with age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, physical exercise, salt intake, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Materials and Methods:

The baseline study cohort (2002) of 756 subjects (19-24 years) in urban field area of Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, was followed up between May and November 2006 by house visits for measurement of sociodemographic variables, anthropometry, salt intake, physical activity and BP.

Results:

A total of 555 subjects from the 2002 cohort were contacted (73.4%), in that 54.5% subjects who were below 5^th percentile, 93.6% subjects between 5^th and 95^th percentiles and 72% of those above 95^th percentile previously persisted in the same cut-offs for systolic blood pressure (SBP). The corresponding figures for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 46.2, 92.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Shift from one cut-off to another was not significant for both SBP and DBP, proving the tracking phenomenon. Annual incidence of HT was 9.8/1000. Baseline BP was the significant predictor of current BP for the entire cohort; BMI and salt intake were significant predictors only in certain sections of the study cohort.

Conclusions:

Early diagnosis of hypertension even among adolescents/young adults is an important preventive measure, as tracking exists in the population.     

高血压左室肥厚与动态血压变异性的关系

目的研究高血压(EH)患者左室肥厚(LVH)与动态血压监测参数:血压变异性(BPV)的关系.方法75例高血压病人,平均年龄63±8岁.动态测定24h血压;超声心动图测室间膈、左室后壁厚度、左室舒张末直径,并按Devereux校正公式计算左心室重量指数(LVMI);根据LVMI的结果分为LVH组和无LVH组.结果动态血压变异系数:24h收缩压变异系数、夜间收缩压变异系数在LVH组(0.0830±0.0076,0.1149±0.2537)明显低于无LVH组(0.2677 0.1524,0.3573 0.3667)(P＜0.01);LVH组的LVMI 分别与24h收缩压变异系数、24h舒张压变异系数、夜间收缩压变异系数、夜间舒张压变异系数呈负相关.结论伴LVH的EH患者心血管交感、迷走神经功能失衡;BPV可能对EH患者靶器官损害有预测价值.     

Waist Circumference Trajectories in Relation to Blood Pressure and the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults

Central obesity is associated with a higher risk of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze waist circumference (WC) trajectories and discover their association with blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. The data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), with a sample of 11,885 adults aged 18 or older. Trajectory groups of WC were identified by group-based trajectory modeling. Three trajectory groups were identified in males: “normal-stable group” (group 1), “normal-increase to central obesity group” (group 2), and “central obesity-slight decrease group” (group 3). There were also three identified in females: “normal-increase to central obesity group” (group 1), “normal-stable group” (group 2), and “central obesity-increase group” (group 3). For males, compared with group 1, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased by 2.47 mmHg and 2.13 mmHg, respectively, in group 2, and by 3.07 mmHg and 2.54 mmHg, respectively, in group 3. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension in groups 2 and 3 were 1.16 (1.06–1.28) and 1.29 (1.10–1.50), respectively. For females, compared with group 2, SBP and DBP increased by 1.69 mmHg and 1.68 mmHg, respectively, in group 1, and by 4.96 mmHg and 2.77 mmHg, respectively, in group 3. The HR and 95% CI of hypertension in groups 2 and 3 were 1.21 (1.07–1.36) and 1.52(1.17–1.99), respectively. We found that the WC trajectory was a risk factor for hypertension and elevated blood pressure independent of basal WC. Increased risk of hypertension was nonlinearly associated with annual WC increase.     

Consumption of a Polyphenol-Rich Grape-Wine Extract Lowers Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Mildly Hypertensive Subjects

Polyphenols in grape and wine have been suggested to contribute to the cardiovascular health benefits of the Mediterranean lifestyle. The reported effects of grape products on blood pressure (BP) remain, however, equivocal. In a double-blind placebo controlled crossover study, the effect of two grape extracts on BP and vascular function was assessed in 60 untreated, mildly hypertensive subjects after four weeks intervention. Both extracts (grape-red wine and grape alone) had high concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols, but the grape alone was relatively poor in catechins and procyanidins. Parameters measured included ambulatory and office BP, flow-mediated vasodilation, arterial distensibility, platelet function and plasma lipoproteins. Results showed that 24-hour ambulatory systolic/diastolic BPs were significantly lower in the grape-wine extract intervention (135.9 ± 1.3/84.7 ± 0.8 mmHg; mean ± SEM) compared to placebo (138.9 ± 1.3/86.6 ± 1.2 mmHg), predominantly during daytime. Plasma concentrations of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 decreased by 10%, but other measures of vascular function were not affected. Grape juice extract alone had no effect on BP or any measures of vascular function. Polyphenol-rich food products, and may be specifically catechins and procyanidins, may thus help sustain a healthy BP and contribute to the healthy Mediterranean lifestyle.     

Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women

Aging and menopause are associated with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability due to reduced L-arginine (L-ARG) levels contributing to endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED precedes arterial stiffness and hypertension development, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effects of L-citrulline (L-CIT) on endothelial function, aortic stiffness, and resting brachial and aortic blood pressures (BP) in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Twenty-five postmenopausal women were randomized to 4 weeks of L-CIT (10 g) or placebo (PL). Serum L-ARG, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV), and resting brachial and aortic BP were assessed at 0 and 4 weeks. L-CIT supplementation increased L-ARG levels (Δ13 ± 2 vs. Δ−2 ± 2 µmol/L, p < 0.01) and FMD (Δ1.4 ± 2.0% vs. Δ−0.5 ± 1.7%, p = 0.03) compared to PL. Resting aortic diastolic BP (Δ−2 ± 4 vs. Δ2 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.01) and mean arterial pressure (Δ−2 ± 4 vs. Δ2 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.04) were significantly decreased after 4 weeks of L-CIT compared to PL. Although not statistically significant (p = 0.07), cfPWV decreased after L-CIT supplementation by ~0.66 m/s. These findings suggest that L-CIT supplementation improves endothelial function and aortic BP via increased L-ARG availability.     

急性缺氧对大白鼠肺动脉压和颈动脉压的影响

目的观察急性缺氧对大白鼠肺动脉压和颈动脉压的影响是否有所不同,同时观察急性缺氧时大白鼠呼吸和心率的变化.方法用导管插入术测定雄性Wistar大鼠(A组:鼠龄77～79 d,体重295～390 g,n=14;B组:鼠龄24～30 d,体重70～105 g,n=10)的肺动脉压和颈动脉压.实验行10%乌拉坦(1 ml/100 g BW)腹腔麻醉,并呼吸10%的低氧混合气体.另取5只大白鼠呼吸空气连续记录30 min作为对照.结果大鼠在呼吸空气30 min内,肺动脉压和颈动脉压保持平稳.A组呼吸空气时肺动脉压峰压(mmHg)为26.9,呼吸低氧混合气体后1、2、5、10、20、20、30 min分别为34.1、35.8、34.6、43.4、35.0,与呼吸空气比较均不显著增高(P＜0.05);肺动脉压收缩压(mmHg)呼吸空气时为24.6,呼吸低氧混合气体后1、2、5、10、20、30 min分别为28.2、30.6、31.3、30.2、29.9、31.9,除呼吸低氧混合气体后1 min和20 min增高无统计学意义外,其余增高均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);颈动脉压峰压(mmHg)呼吸空气时为132.2,呼吸低氧混合气体后1、2、5、10、20、30 min分别为112.6、104.1、89.2、86.1、87.0、87.4,均比呼吸空气时降低(P＜0.05);动颈脉收缩压(mmHg)呼吸空气时为129.0,呼吸低氧气体后1、2、5、10、20、30 min分别为111.2、102.9、87.2、85.0、85.5、86.1,均比呼吸空气时显著下降(P＜0.05).B组大鼠急性缺颈动脉压和颈动脉压变化趋势与A组相同,但不如A组明显.结论急性缺氧对大白鼠肺动脉压和颈动脉压的影响不同.急性缺氧使肺动脉压升高,却使颈动脉压降低.     

Frailty,Disability, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Older Adults

Background and objective

Frailty and disability are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, in older people; however, little is known about their association with ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Thus, we assessed the relationship of frailty and disability with ambulatory BP in older adults.

降压达标高血压病患者胰岛素样生长因子-1与踝-臂脉搏波传导速度的变化

目的探讨高血压病患者给予苯磺酸氨氯地平片及替米沙坦片联合降压治疗前后血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）,踝一臂脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）变化及血压达标对后两者的影响。方法68例高血压痛患者苯磺酸氨氯地平片及替米沙坦片联合降压治疗24周前后,测定血压、空腹血糖（FBS）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、血肌酐（cr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、肝功能、血清IGF-1（酶联免疫吸附法）及baPWV。结果①高血压3级患者的IGF-1水平与baPWV较高血压1级明显增高（P＜O．05）;②高血压病患者治疗前后血清IGF-1水平与baPWV呈正相关（治疗前r^5=0．506,治疗后r^5=0．492,均P＜0．05）;③联合降压治疗24周后血清IGF-1及baPWV水平较治疗前均显著降低（均P＜0．05）,且血压控制达标患者的IGF-1与baPWV的水平较未达标者降低更明显（P＜0．05）。结论苯磺酸氨氯地平与替米沙坦联合降压治疗能显著下调高血压病患者的IGF-1水平并降低baPWV,且降压治疗达标者的IGF-1及baPW-V降低更显著。     

Antihypertensive Mechanism of Orally Administered Acetylcholine in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Acetylcholine (ACh) acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. A small dose of eggplant powder rich in ACh (equivalent to 22 g fresh eggplant/d) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in individuals with higher BP. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of low-dose orally administered ACh in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The effects of ACh on BP and sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), including lumbar SNA (LSNA) and renal SNA (RSNA), were evaluated by subjecting conscious SHRs to a telemetry method. Single oral administration of ACh decreased LSNA and lowered BP. Repeated oral administration of ACh for 30 d decreased RSNA and suppressed the elevated BP. Noradrenaline levels in the urine also decreased. However, vagotomy and co-administration of M3 muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist reversed the BP-lowering effect; the dynamics of non-absorbable orally administered ACh was revealed using stable isotope-labeled ACh. In conclusion, ACh acts on the gastrointestinal M3 muscarinic ACh receptor to increase afferent vagal nerve activity, which decreases SNA by autonomic reflex, suppressing noradrenaline release and lowering BP. This study suggests the use of exogenous ACh as an antihypertensive food supplement for controlling the autonomic nervous system, without absorption into the blood.     

The Effects of a Low Sodium Meal Plan on Blood Pressure in Older Adults: The SOTRUE Randomized Feasibility Trial

Reduced sodium meal plans are recommended by the Centers of Disease Control to lower blood pressure in older adults; however, this strategy has not been tested in a clinical trial. The Satter House Trial of Reduced Sodium Meals (SOTRUE) was an individual-level, double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study of adults living in a congregate living facility subsidized by the Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Adults over age 60 years ate 3 isocaloric meals with two snacks daily for 14 days. The meal plans differed in sodium density (<0.95 vs. >2 mg/kcal), but were equivalent in potassium and macronutrients. Seated systolic BP (SBP) was the primary outcome, while urine sodium-creatinine ratio was used to measure compliance. Twenty participants were randomized (95% women; 95% white; mean age 78 ± 8 years), beginning in 7 October 2019. Retention was 100% with the last participant ending 4 November 2019. Mean baseline SBP changed from 121 to 116 mmHg with the typical sodium diet (−5 mmHg; 95% CI: −18, 8) and from 123 to 112 mmHg with the low sodium diet (−11 mmHg; 95% CI: −15.2, −7.7). Compared to the typical sodium meal plan, the low sodium meal plan lowered SBP by 4.8 mmHg (95% CI: −14.4, 4.9; p = 0.31) and urine sodium-creatinine ratio by 36% (−36.0; 95% CI: −60.3, 3.4; p = 0.07), both non-significant. SOTRUE demonstrates the feasibility of sodium reduction in federally mandated meal plans. A longer and larger study is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of low sodium meals in older adults.     

Effect of Calcitriol Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Older Adults

Recent studies suggest that vitamin D plays an important role in the control of blood pressure. Unfortunately, because older adults are more likely to have low 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels, this study investigated whether calcitriol supplementation reduces blood pressure in older adults with hypertension. The design was a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with 36 randomly assigned subjects (71.7?±?10 years). Blood pressure and serum levels of 25(OH)D before and after calcitriol intervention (1,000 IU daily for 6 weeks; n?=?22) or placebo (n?=?23) for 6 weeks were analyzed. At the end of the study, the calcitriol group presented a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure [20.25 mmHg (p?=?0.001)] and diastolic blood pressure [7 mmHg (p?=?0.01)], compared with the placebo group. In conclusion, 1,000 IU/day of calcitriol for 6 weeks efficiently reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in this population of older adults presenting with high blood pressure (Clinical Trial Approbation NCT02047799).     

Randomized Trial on the Effects of Dietary Potassium on Blood Pressure and Serum Potassium Levels in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease

In the general population, an increased potassium (K) intake lowers blood pressure (BP). The effects of K have not been well-studied in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This randomized feeding trial with a 2-period crossover design compared the effects of diets containing 100 and 40 mmol K/day on BP in 29 adults with stage 3 CKD and treated or untreated systolic BP (SBP) 120–159 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) <100 mmHg. The primary outcome was 24 h ambulatory systolic BP. The higher-versus lower-K diet had no significant effect on 24 h SBP (−2.12 mm Hg; p = 0.16) and DBP (−0.70 mm Hg; p = 0.44). Corresponding differences in clinic BP were −4.21 mm Hg for SBP (p = 0.054) and −0.08 mm Hg for DBP (p = 0.94). On the higher-K diet, mean serum K increased by 0.21 mmol/L (p = 0.003) compared to the lower-K diet; two participants had confirmed hyperkalemia (serum K ≥ 5.5 mmol/L). In conclusion, a higher dietary intake of K did not lower 24 h SBP, while clinic SBP reduction was of borderline statistical significance. Additional trials are warranted to understand the health effects of increased K intake in individuals with CKD.     

24小时动态血压监测与高血压

高血压与各种心血管疾病的发生密切相关,准确真实血压测量不仅有利于高血压病的控制,更能减少各种心血管疾病发生的几率。24h动态血压较传统的偶测血压更能准确地反映病人血压一天中的波动。本文主要对近年来24h动态血压监测的研究进展进行综述。     

Associations of Health Literacy with Blood Pressure and Dietary Salt Intake among Adults: A Systematic Review

Health literacy has been recognized as a significant social determinant of health, defined as the ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health-related information across healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion. This systematic review aims to understand the relationship between health literacy, blood pressure, and dietary salt intake. A web-based search of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Prospero was performed using specified search/MESH terms and keywords. Two reviewers independently performed the data extraction and analysis, cross-checked, reviewed, and resolved any discrepancies by the third reviewer. Twenty out of twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were rated as good quality papers and used in the final analysis. Higher health literacy had shown to have better blood pressure or hypertension knowledge. However, the relationship between health literacy with dietary salt intake has shown mixed and inconsistent findings. Studies looking into the main four domains of health literacy are still limited. More research exploring the links between health literacy, blood pressure, and dietary salt intake in the community is warranted. Using appropriate and consistent health literacy tools to evaluate the effectiveness of salt reduction as health promotion programs is required.     

Prevalence and Risk Factors of High Blood Pressure among Adults in Banyuwangi Coastal Communities,Indonesia

BackgroundHypertension is a disease that still a problem in the world. Hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke mortality. Economic development and an emphasis on coastal tourism may have an impact on public health conditions, such as hypertension. This study aimed to determine risk factors related to hypertension among adults in coastal communities in Indonesia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 123 respondents between the age of 18–59 years old selected by cluster sampling. This study was conducted among coastal communities in Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia. Data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOur study showed that the prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension among residents of coastal communities were as high as 33.33% and 31.71%, respectively. Increasing age was associated with systolic and diastolic hypertension (OR_systolic=1.11; 95% CI=1.03–1.19, p=0.01 and OR_diastolic=1.07; 95% CI=1.01–1.15, p=0.03) after controlling other variables. Respondents with the poorest and richer socio-economic status had higher odds of having systolic and diastolic hypertension compared to respondents with the richest socio-economic status (OR_{systolic-poorest} =12.78; 95% CI=1.61–101.54, p=0.02; OR_{systolic-richer}=10.74; 95% CI =1.55–74.37, p=0.02 and OR_{diastolic-poorest}=10.36; 95% CI= 1.40–76.74, p=0.02;OR_{diastolic-richer}=6.45; 95% CI=1.01–41.43, p=0.05) after controlling other variables.ConclusionBeing of older age and of the lower in socioeconomic status are significantly associated with increasing risk for systolic and diastolic hypertension in these coastal communities. More studies need to be done in these and other coastal village to help design appropriate health promotion and counseling strategies for coastal community.     

亚急性乐果染毒对自发性高血压大鼠心血管系统的影响

[目的]观察14d乐果染毒对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心血管系统的影响,探讨钙离子稳态在该影响中的作用。[方法]雄性SHR,灌胃染毒,染毒剂量分别为0、12.5、25和50mg/kg,每天1次,连续14d。尾袖法测定大鼠血压,第15天处死动物,无机磷酸根法和RT-PCR检测酶活力和基因表达。[结果]25mg/kg以下乐果染毒大鼠血压升高,当剂量达到50mg/kg,大鼠血压没有显著升高的变化。染毒结束后,25mg/kg染毒组大鼠心肌Ca2 -ATPase活力显著升高,达到(2.32±0.33)μmolPi/(mg蛋白·h);50mg/kg组大鼠心肌Ca2 ATPase活力和Na -K -ATPase均显著升高,分别为(2.36±0.62)和(2.74±0.52)μmolPi/(mg蛋白·h)。Ca2 -ATPase基因表达随染毒剂量的增加而逐渐上调,剂量>25mg/kg时,表达值为(1.24±0.11),差异有显著性(P<0.05);50mg/kg乐果可诱导兰尼碱受体(RyR)的mRNA表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表达值分别为(1.49±0.27)和(0.96±0.16)。[结论]乐果引起自发性高血压大鼠血压的变化规律与接触剂量有关,一定剂量范围的可以升高。钙离子的代谢紊乱可能是乐果引起的心血管毒作用的机制之一。     

Rates and Predictors of Uncontrolled Hypertension Among Hypertensive Homeless Adults Using New York City Shelter-Based Clinics

PURPOSE

We undertook a study to determine the rates, predictors, and barriers to blood pressure control among homeless and nonhomeless hypertensive adult patients from 10 New York City shelter-based clinics.

METHODS

The study was a retrospective chart review of blood pressure measurements, sociodemographic characteristics, and factors associated with homelessness and hypertension extracted from the medical records of a random sample of hypertensive patients (N = 210) in 2014.

RESULTS

Most patients were African American or Hispanic; 24.8% were female, and 84.3% were homeless for a mean duration of 3.07 years (SD = 5.04 years). Homeless adult patients were younger, had less insurance, and were more likely to be a current smoker and alcohol abuser. Of the 210 hypertensive patients, 40.1% of homeless and 33.3% of nonhomeless patients had uncontrolled blood pressure (P = .29) when compared with US rates for hypertensive adults, which range between 19.6% and 24.8%, respectively; 15.8% of homeless patients had stage 2 hypertension (P = .27). Homeless hypertensive patients with diabetes or multiple chronic diseases had better blood pressure control (P <.01). In logistic regression, lack of insurance was associated with inadequate blood pressure control (P <.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The high rate of uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive homeless adults is alarming. We propose comprehensive approaches to improve social support, access to medical insurance, and medication adherence, the lack of which complicate blood pressure control, targeted health education, and life style modifications using mobile health strategies for this mobile population.