四氧化二氮及偏二甲基肼混合吸入致小鼠亚急性中毒氧化指标的测定

目的　探讨四氧化二氮 (N2 O4)和偏二甲基肼 (UDMH)混合推进剂亚急性中毒时 ,机体氧化指标的变化 ,从而确定氧化损伤在推进剂引起的病理损伤中的作用。　方法　将 4 0只昆明小鼠随机分为对照组和 3个实验组 ,实验组置于染毒柜内 ,吸入含有不同浓度混合剂的挥发气体(1 0mg/m3 ,2h) ,每天 1次 ,连续 4d ,第 5天称重、处死动物。测定血清、肺组织中丙二醛 (MDA)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶 (T SOD)活性。　结果　各染毒组与对照组比较 ,4 0 0mg/m3 染毒组动物体重显著减轻 (P <0 0 1 ) ,血清MDA含量显著减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ,各染毒组肺组织MDA含量均显著减少(P <0 0 1 ) ;90mg/m3 染毒组血清T SOD活性显著降低 (P <0 0 1 ) ,1 0mg/m3 、90mg/m3 组肺组织的T SOD活性显著降低 (P <0 0 1 )。　结论　连续数天高浓度混合推进剂吸入中毒后 ,动物体重减轻 ,提示中毒可引起动物兴奋性增高 ;中、高浓度中毒时自由基产生相对减少 ,氧化指标测定结果提示染毒组小鼠机体未发生显著的脂质过氧化损伤 ;推进剂对机体造成的病理损害中 ,氧化损伤可能不占主导地位 ,其损伤机体的机制有待进一步研究     

辣椒素对微波辐射所致小鼠血液系统损伤的保护作用

目的研究辣椒素对微波辐射所致小鼠血液系统损伤的保护作用。方法将小鼠随机分为3组:对照组;辐射组,用频率为2450 MHz、功率密度为65 mW/cm2的微波辐射,连续3 d,每天8 h;辣椒素组,在与辐射组相同的辐射下每天2次辣椒素灌胃,浓度为2.5 g/L,体积为0.2 mL。检测小鼠的红细胞(RBC)计数、嗜多染红细胞微核率、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与促红细胞生成素(EPO)。结果辐射组微核率升高,SOD,EPO降低,辣椒素组微核率下降至正常,EPO明显上升,RBC计数也明显上升,同时SOD也回升至正常。结论辣椒素对微波所致小鼠血液系统损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与辣椒素的抗氧化作用和促进EPO分泌有关。     

高压氧反复暴露对小鼠脑内促红细胞生成素含量的影响

目的 通过对脑内促红细胞生成素（EPO）的检测，探讨高压氧（HBO）反复暴露增强低氧耐受能力是否与EPO有关。方法 昆明小鼠54只，随机分为3组：（1）HBO组：实验动物置密闭氧舱内供给医用纯氧，每天2次，每次60min，连续3d。供气压力第1—3天分别为150，200和250kPa（绝对压）；（2）高压空气（HPA）组：舱内供给常氧氮混合气，其他处理同HBO组；（3）空白对照（NC）组：仅在每天同一时间模拟进出舱活动，不作其它处理。处理结束后24h，①将每组10只动物同时置密闭氧舱内，进行低氧耐受实验。舱内持续供给5％O2-95％N2混合气体，压力为常压，记录每只动物在常压低氧状态下的生存时间；②同时将每组8只动物分别按实验要求取材，用免疫组化法检测各组动物脑内EPO阳性细胞表达情况。结果低氧生存时间测定结果表明，HBO组低氧生存时间较其它两组明显延长。免疫组化结果显示，与NC组相比，HPA组脑内各脑区EPO阳性细胞数均未发现明显改变；与HPA组相比，HBO反复暴露3d后，小鼠脑内EPO阳性细胞数发生明显改变，大脑皮层和海马EPO阳性细胞数显著增多。结论HBO反复暴露能增加小鼠低氧耐受能力；HBO反复暴露能增加小鼠脑内EPO含量，这可能是HB0反复暴露增强动物低氢耐罟能力的重要机制之一。     

模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对人血清丙二醛含量和促红细胞生成素及抗氧化酶活力的影响

目的 检测模拟高原潜水实验中潜水员血清氧化损伤产物含量以及促红细胞生成素和抗氧化酶系活性变化,探讨高海拔潜水对人体氧化损伤的影响.方法 模拟高原潜水实验人员进舱前、潜水停留过程中、潜水结束后及出舱后采静脉血,检测血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、促红细胞生成素(EPO)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及总抗氧化活性(TAOC).结果 实验前、中、后MDA含量在[(3.31±1.35)～(6.98±3.52)]μmol/L范围内波动,各种抗氧化酶活性水平基本在正常范围内.血清MDA含量、GSH-Px活性与环境氧分压及暴露时间存在相关性,在高氧-低氧交替变化的环境中血清EPO水平与SOD和CAT呈反向相关趋势.结论 本次实验条件下低-高氧环境的反复变化未对4名潜水员造成可检测到的氧化损害.     

海拔梯度对健康男性促红细胞生成素的影响

目的:探讨高原慢性缺氧对促红细胞生成素(EPO)的影响。方法:用双抗体夹心ABC—ELISA法对不同海拔高度健康男性血清EPO水平进行测定,同时对受试人群的血氧饱和度(SaO2)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)进行测定。结果:随着海拔高度增加,低氧程度加重,血清EPO的水平增加(P<0.01)。结论:高原慢性缺氧可使健康人血清EPO水平增加,而且EPO的水平随海拔高度的增加而增加。     

糖尿病小鼠小肠的辐射效应

目的 :电离辐射可损伤小鼠小肠粘膜而引起结构的变化 ,而组织对辐射损伤的反应是否与潜在的病理改变有关联 ,正引起广泛关注。通过照射和链脲菌素两种处理因素来验证链脲菌素诱发糖尿病小鼠小肠粘膜异常是否加重辐射诱导的损伤。方法 :116只雄性 C5 7BL 小鼠 (7周龄 ,体重 2 5～ 2 8g)分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组。 2糖尿病组小鼠一次腹腔注射链脲菌素 (2 5 0 mg/ kg体重 ) ,注射后 14d内监测血糖浓度 ,血糖大于 10 mmol/ L 被确认糖尿病。3两组各半数动物在注射后 15 d腹部 X射线照射 10 Gy(剂量率 6 Gy/ m in)。 4注射后18d,取十二指肠、…     

内源性一氧化氮与硫化氢在大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压中的相互作用

本文旨在研究一氧化氮 (NO) /一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)体系和硫化氢 (H2 S) /胱硫醚γ -裂解酶 (CSE)体系在低氧性肺动脉高压发生机制中的作用及其相互关系。作者选取体重 1 80 g～ 2 0 0 g的健康雄性Wistar大鼠 2 5只 ,随机分为 :对照组 (n =6 ) ,低氧组 (n =7) ,低氧 +L -NAME组 (n =6 )和低氧 +PPG组 (n =6 )。将低氧组和低氧 +L -NAME组大鼠置于常压低氧舱 [含1 0 % (体积分数 )O2 ,90 % (体积分数 )N2 ],每天连续低氧 6h ,共 2 1d。对低氧 +L -NAME组大鼠每天低氧前腹腔注射L -NAME(5mg/kg ,每次使用前新鲜配制 ) ;低氧 +PP…     

常压模拟高住低练对大鼠促红细胞生成素及红细胞相关指标的影响

目的 :探讨常压下模拟高住 (相当于海拔 30 0 0m)低练对大鼠促红细胞生成素及红细胞相关指标的影响。方法 :40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组 :低住安静组、低住低练组、常压高住安静组和常压高住低练组 ,高住组大鼠每天在模拟 30 0 0m高度休息 1 2h ,运动组大鼠每天在常氧状态下进行速度为 2 5m/min的跑台训练 ,1h/d,5d/w ,测定 4w后大鼠血清EPO、Hb、RBC及HCT变化。结果 :常压高住安静组和常压高住低练组大鼠血清EPO、Hb、RBC及HCT值均显著增加 (P <0 0 1、P<0 0 5) ,为提高机体摄氧水平提供了可能     

海拔4 250m地区高原人群血清红细胞生成素、睾酮、雌二醇的特征表现

目的:了解海拔4 250m地区高原人群血清EPO(红细胞生长素)、T(睾酮)、E2(雌二醇)含量变化与HAPC(高原红细胞增多症High AltitudePolycythemia,HAPC)的相关关系。方法:在海拔4 250m地区筛选出HAPC,且测定了世居高原藏族、移居高原汉族、高原红细胞增多症患者三组人群血清中EPO、T、E2含量。结果:HAPC组:移居高原汉族18人(占66.66%),世居高原藏族9人(占33.33%),男女比例为26:1,三组间EPO差别无显著性,P>0.05,但是高原人群血清中的EPO含量高于平原地区3.788倍。三组间T、E2差别无显著性,P>0.05,T在高原红细胞增多症、世居高原藏族和移居高原汉族三组间差别无明显性,但是T低于平原地区8.43倍。可能与高原人群T的活性增加有关,在今后的工作做进一步调查。结论:EPO、T、E2与HAPC的发病虽然无直接因果关系,但是EPO含量高于平原人群3.788倍,T含量明显低于平原人群8.43倍,EPO的增高和T的降低是一种高原人群的生理病理特征表现。     

长期高温高强度训练对武警阅兵队员血清睾酮与皮质醇的影响

目的研究长期高温、高强度训练对武警阅兵战士血清睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)的影响。方法用酶免法测定长期在高温、高强度下训练的武警阅兵战士血清睾酮和皮质醇水平,计算睾酮/皮质醇比值(T/C),以接受常规训练的武警战士作为对照。结果阅兵组血清睾酮平均(17.3±6.1)nmol/L,显著低于对照组(22.0±8.9)nmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);阅兵组血清皮质醇平均(407.0±127.4)nmol/L,显著低于对照组(530.8±206.7)nmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而阅兵组T/C值为0.048,与对照组0.05比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.44)。结论长期高温、高强度训练导致武警阅兵战士血清睾酮水平和血清皮质醇水平下降,T/C值在阅兵组与对照组无统计学差别,说明阅兵组训练强度合适。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.