21名打磨工听阈变化分析

目的研究21名打磨工9个月内纯音听阈测试结果的变化,为指导企业做好噪声防护提供依据。方法根据2年的现场检测和职业性健康体检的资料,对噪声检测值和纯音听阈测试结果进行统计分析。结果9个打磨岗位的噪声值有8个超过职业接触限值,21名打磨工听阈平均修正值曲线符合职业性噪声聋的特点。双耳语频段的听阈平均修正值均小于高频段,2008年差别均有显著性（P〈0.05）,2009年两者之间的差别均无显著性（P〉0.50）,9个月以后双耳12个频率的听阈平均修正值中有8个的差别有显著性（P〈0.05）或高度显著性（P≤0.001）,其中有5个是语频段的,说明噪声对语频段的影响已超过高频段。结论噪声对21名打磨工语频段的影响已超过了高频段,企业应在做好打磨工的个人防护的同时,减少他们接触噪声的时间,否则将会出现职业性噪声聋。     

上海某船厂打磨工听觉系统职业健康检查结果

目的 了解上海某船厂打磨岗位噪声对工人听觉系统的危害情况, 为企业职业病防护提供依据。
方法 选择该船厂的加工车间、装焊车间、露天平台、船台、船坞等5个作业场所, 对其打磨岗位噪声声级进行定点检测。对2014-2016年4 958份打磨工职业健康体检资料进行调查, 并对调查结果进行分析。
结果 2014-2016年打磨岗位噪声检测均值逐年降低,分别为(101.4±1.7)dB(A)、(101.2±1.5)dB(A)和(91.8±1.8)dB(A),2016年低于前两年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2014-2016年,打磨工听力损失检出286例(占5.77%),职业禁忌证检出38例(占0.77%)。3年间听力损失检出率、职业禁忌证检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对2016年打磨工听力损失情况进行分析,听力损失均集中在30~50岁,听力损失检出率有随工龄增加而增加的趋势(P<0.01);不同工龄段语频听力损失、高频听力损失检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);打磨工工龄6年以上听力损失者占总损伤人数的85.0%;40~50岁听力损失者占总损伤人数的72.5%。
结论 该船厂对打磨工职业健康与职业病危害因素检测较重视, 但打磨工的噪声危害依然严峻。
     

磨工粉尘对接尘工人肺功能影响的调查

目的 比较磨工粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响.方法 对147名磨工粉尘作业工人和89名对照组进行了通气功能测定.结果 接触组的VC、FVC、MMEF、FEY1.0、FEY1.0/FVC%等指标的实测值及实测值占预计值的比值均校对照组低,且多具有统计学意义.结论 长期接触磨工粉尘可引起肺通气功能的改变.     

民营石场石工矽肺调查

目的 掌握民营石场石工矽肺的发生特点,为矽肺防治工作提供科学依据。 方法 对某石场进行职业卫生学调查,并对149例接尘石工进行职业健康检查。 结果 粉尘总尘时间加权平均浓度(TWA)0.10~29.8 mg/m3,总尘TWA超标率61.11%,最高超标28.8倍。粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量28.4%。检出石工矽肺18例(壹期12例,贰期6例),检出率12.08%。确诊者平均年龄(38.5±1.6)岁(31~45岁);接尘工龄(5.0±1.2)年(2.0~7.7年)。发病工种以爆破工(66.67%)居多。患者症状以咳嗽15例(83.33%)、胸闷8例(44.44%),气促7例(38.89%)为主。胸片表现为圆形小阴影"q "占77.78%," p"影占22.22%。矽肺致残引致劳动能力完全丧失者占33.33%。接尘工人的年龄与检出率之间不存在相关关系(r_s=0.357,P>0.50);接尘工人的工龄与检出率之间存在正相关关系(r_s=1.000,P=0.01)。 结论 石工矽肺发病特征为爆破工发病居多,发病年龄小,发病工龄短,呼吸道症状多,胸片表现主要为圆形小阴影"q",劳动能力损害较重。应认真做好民营石场石工矽肺预防控制工作。     

矽肺合并肺结核调查分析

对某大型钢铁联合企业３５年的矽肺和矽肺并发肺结核调查分析，结果表明矽肺结核全并率高、病死率高、生存年限缩短，以２、３期矽肺更为。３型肺结核最多，痰结核菌检查阳性率低。活动性肺结核患病情况与同期非矽肺人群结核疫情是一。     

晚发性矽肺调查分析

晚发性矽肺系指工人脱离粉尘接触后发现的尘肺病例。为了解退伍工程兵晚发性矽肺的患病情况，特对长沙地区１９６名退伍工程兵进行了调查。１对象与方法调查对象为长沙地区１９４０～１９９６年参加国防施工１年以上在我所进行尘肺检查者。根据《全国尘肺Ｘ线诊断及分期标...     

工程兵晚发性矽肺调查分析

我市部分退伍军人原在部队从事工程兵,退伍后诊断为矽肺,属晚发性矽肺(以下简名晚矽),文献中对此报道很少。为探讨晚矽的发病流行规律,我们在历年动态观察的基础上,结合全国尘肺流调,对我市工程兵晚矽进行了调查分析,报道如下: 方法及资料分析我们自1970年以来,先后对351人有粉尘密切接触史的退伍军人拍基础胸片,进行矽肺发病的动态观察,其后对0期每三年、0-Ⅰ每1-2年、Ⅰ-Ⅱ期每年拍片诊断一次。全部病例均系省、地(市)职业病诊断机构确诊,,粉尘作业职业史采取与病人面对面询问和查阅民政档案相结合的方法核对。然后填写《尘肺病例卡片》进行分析。     

宜昌市农村卫生室及乡村医生的经济状况调查

文章对宜昌市村卫生室及乡村医生的经济状况进行抽样调查，分析了村卫生室的收入，支出情况及乡村医生的收入情况，并对其影响因素进行了探讨。     

辽宁省某地农村附红细胞体感染状况调查

附红细胞体病(eperythrozoonsis,附红体病)是由附红细胞体(eperythrozoon,附红体)感染引起的一种人畜共患病[1].2008年天津市首次报告一例8岁病例,来自辽宁省某地农村.流行病学调查发现病例的父母、姐姐也息有附红体病,并得知当地农户以养殖牲畜为主.为了进一步了解该病特征,本研究开展协作对病例原籍所在地人、猪附红体感染状况以及蚊种密度进行调查.     

辽宁省某地农村附红细胞体感染状况调查

附红细胞体病(eperythrozoonsis,附红体病)是由附红细胞体(eperythrozoon,附红体)感染引起的一种人畜共患病[1].2008年天津市首次报告一例8岁病例,来自辽宁省某地农村.流行病学调查发现病例的父母、姐姐也息有附红体病,并得知当地农户以养殖牲畜为主.为了进一步了解该病特征,本研究开展协作对病例原籍所在地人、猪附红体感染状况以及蚊种密度进行调查.     

辽宁省某地农村附红细胞体感染状况调查

附红细胞体病(eperythrozoonsis,附红体病)是由附红细胞体(eperythrozoon,附红体)感染引起的一种人畜共患病[1].2008年天津市首次报告一例8岁病例,来自辽宁省某地农村.流行病学调查发现病例的父母、姐姐也息有附红体病,并得知当地农户以养殖牲畜为主.为了进一步了解该病特征,本研究开展协作对病例原籍所在地人、猪附红体感染状况以及蚊种密度进行调查.     

Sudanese part-time village health workers

The Sudanese village midwife can be defined as "an illiterate (or sometimes literate) woman, usually a mother, community chose, trained in a district midwifery school for about 9 months, after which she receives a certificate, is registered and becomes responsible for antenatal; intrapartum; and postnatal care of the mother and child in her village. She is a part-time worker, not salaried and she is supervised by the community." The difference between the village midwife and the TBA (traditional birth attendant) as defined by WHO is that the village midwife receives formal training from the beginning, and ends by being registered and being legally recognized. The activities and standard of performance of the village midwife are of high standard, even approximating English standards. The community employs the midwife and fees are paid on an optional basis, as midwives who demand fees are generally looked upon with disapproval. The midwives are not only trained to conduct deliveries at home, but also to be "missionaries in the homes of people in the cause of cleanliness and hygiene" and to spread a "health sense" among mothers and thus promote the health of the next generation. Over all, the midwifery training program shows that utilization of part-time health workers can be a valid and feasible concept.     

Skin disease in paper mill workers

BACKGROUND: Paper mill workers have frequent and prolonged exposure to skin irritants and allergens and may have a higher risk of developing occupational dermatitis. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the extent of skin problems in a paper mill and how much was attributable to contact with allergens. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 80 paper mill workers having daily exposure to skin irritants and allergens. They all completed a questionnaire, underwent a standard interview and physical examination. Workers whose history indicated possible contact allergy were patch tested and prick tested. RESULTS: Workers reported a high exposure to skin irritants, especially when carrying out tasks that caused the hands and feet to become wet from perspiration and having contact with process water. Atopic dermatitis was seen in 3% of the workers. Contact dermatitis was seen in 26% of the workers and 36% were diagnosed with mycosis of the feet. All cases of contact dermatitis and mycosis could be attributed to occupational exposure to skin irritants. No cases of relevant contact allergy were seen. CONCLUSION: Occupational dermatitis in paper mills is primarily related to the exposure to skin irritants. Occupational physicians should be aware of the risk of occupational dermatitis in paper mill workers.     

Airway inflammation in paper mill workers

Paper mill workers are exposed to culturable microorganisms (MOs). We hypothesized that inflammatory airway response could be detected in sputum of nonsymptomatic workers. From four paper mills, we included 29 healthy nonsmoking men. Workers exposed to high levels of MOs (HMOE, n = 17) were compared with workers exposed to low levels of MO (LMOE, n = 12). A reference group of 22 healthy, nonsmoking, nonexposed (NE) men were also included. We performed differential cell counts of induced sputum, studied gene expressions of isolated sputum macrophages and analyzed inflammatory parameters, including matrix metalloproteinases. Sputum from HMOE workers had a significantly higher percentage of neutrophils than that from LMOE workers (P < 0.05) and NE controls (P < 0.001). There was also an increased gene expression of different pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta in isolated airway macrophages and increased levels of total matrix metalloprotease-9 activity in induced sputum from the HMOE group. Our findings indicate that paper industry workers exposed to MOs develop subclinical airway inflammation.     

Byssinosis among jute mill workers

Although byssinosis in jute mill workers remains controversial, studies in a few jute mills in West-Bengal, India, revealed typical byssinotic syndrome associated with acute changes in FEV1 on the first working day after rest. The present study on 148 jute mill workers is reported to confirm the occurrence of byssinosis in jute mill workers. Work related respiratory symptoms; acute and chronic pulmonary function changes among exposed workers were studied on the basis of standard questionnaire and spirometric method along with dust level, particle mass size distributions and gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. The pulmonary function test (PFT) changes were defined as per the recommendation of World Health Organization and of Bouhys et al. Total dust in jute mill air were monitored by high volume sampling, technique (Staplex, USA), Andersen cascade impactor was used for particle size distribution and personal exposure level was determined by personal sampler (Casella, London). Endotoxin in airborne jute dust was analysed by Lymulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) "Gel Clot" technique. Batching is the dustiest process in the mill. Size distribution showed that about 70-80% dust in diameter of < 10 microm, 40-50%, < 5 microm and 10-20%, < 2 microm. Mean endotoxin levels found in hatching, spinning and weaving, and beaming were 2.319 microg/m3, 0.956 microg/ m3, 0.041 microg/m3 respectively and are comparable to the values obtained up to date in Indian cotton mills. Respiratory morbidity study reported typical byssinotic symptoms along with acute post shift FEV1 changes (31.8%) and chronic changes in FEV1 (43.2%) among exposed workers. The group with higher exposure showed significantly lower FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% values. The study confirmed the findings of the earlier studies and clearly indicated that the Indian jute mill workers are also suffering from byssinosis as observed in cotton, flask and hemp workers.