颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术在治疗颈性眩晕中的作用

目的 探讨分析颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术在治疗颈性眩晕中的作用及其作用机制.方法 回顾分析了1998～2005年本治疗组采用颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术所治疗的伴有颈性眩晕的颈椎病患者32例.观察比较术前、术后颈椎正侧位及动力位X片和症状改善情况,并进一步通过颈性眩晕症状和功能评分法对患者术前及术后进行评定.结果 所有患者术前X片上都有不同程度的颈椎不稳或椎间盘突出现象,单节段不稳者9例,两节段者13例,三节段者7例.单节段椎间盘突出者10例,两节段者15例,三节段者7例.所有患者行颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术后获10～48个月的随访,平均26个月,术后有效率为87.5%,症状和功能评分分值有明显提高(均数由术前13.89提升到术后23.98),具有统计学意义(＜0.05),结论 颈前路减压植骨内固定术在治疗伴有颈性眩晕颈椎病中对颈性眩晕症状具有良好改善作用.     

钢板内固定在颈椎前路术中的应用

颈椎骨折、颈椎间盘突出症、颈椎节段性不稳、单节段或多节段脊髓型颈椎病等病症在临床中并不少见。随着MRI的普及和广泛应用,我们发现很多病例的脊髓压迫都来自前方。从治疗角度来说,以往的环锯法减压、单纯开槽式减压在维持减压节段椎节的高度和生理曲度以及颈椎稳定性方面均存在一定缺陷,远期随访效果并不理想。自2000年起,我们采用颈椎前路开槽式减压自体髂骨植骨加自锁钢板内固定治疗颈椎骨折、颈椎间盘突出症、颈椎节段性不稳、单节段或多节段脊髓型颈椎病、颈椎后纵韧带骨化病(OPLL)等病种患者38例,平均随访19个月,效果良好。本手…     

应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：对合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的严重的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎患者应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗,并进行分析,方法：对7例哈 并发育性颈椎管狭窄的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎病患者先行后路颈椎单开门椎板成形术或颈椎 切除减压术,然后前路行颈椎间盘,骨赘切除减压颈椎螺旋融合器植入术,术后采用日本整形外科学会标准17分法进行测评,结果：平均随访时间12个月,7例患者术后均有不同程度皮肤感觉改善和四肢肌力提高,其中2例大小便障碍者括约肌功能恢复,脊髓功能的平均改善率为76．2％,结论：本手术方法减压彻底,具有安全性,颈椎螺旋融合器的应用解决了颈椎间稳定性问题。     

颈椎病性眩晕的临床治疗

[目的]探讨颈椎病性眩晕的临床特点及相关治疗策略。[方法]收集2012年1月~2015年3月因颈椎病性眩晕至本院诊治的32例患者一般资料,用X线片评估颈椎失稳情况,用MRI评估颈椎退变程度,均行颈椎前路减压融合内固定术加后纵韧带切除术,用JOA评分法评估神经功能改善情况,用交感神经症状评分法评估眩晕改善情况,分析颈椎失稳及颈椎退变程度与眩晕程度相关性及颈椎前路减压融合内固定术治疗颈椎病性眩晕的临床疗效。[结果]32例患者中26例为女性,平均年龄(48.02±2.35)岁,平均随访时间为(18.70±0.63)个月;术前有17例患者颈椎不稳,其中11例存在C4、5节段不稳,显著多于其余节段(P0.05)。颈椎退变影像学评分C4、5显著高于其余节段(P0.05)。术后1个月JOA评分显著高于术前(P0.05);而末次随访JOA评分又显著高于术后1个月评分(P0.05)。术后1个月眩晕评分显著低于术前(P0.05);而末次随访眩晕评分又显著低于术后1个月评分(P0.05)。[结论]颈椎病性眩晕多发于围绝经期女性,C4、5节段的椎间盘退变及颈椎不稳是发病的危险因素。颈椎前路减压融合内固定术加后纵韧带切除术是治疗颈椎病性眩晕的有效手段。     

颈椎前路融合节段相邻椎间盘压力与轴性症状关系初探

[摘要]目的：分析在生理前凸获得有效重建的颈椎前路减压融合术中,融合节段相邻椎间盘压力变化与颈椎术后轴性症状发生的关系。方法：行前路单椎体次全切除减压内固定手术治疗颈椎伤病42例,术中测量融合节段相邻椎间盘内压力,计算颈椎融合前后压力差。     

BAK在颈椎前路手术中的应用

目的：评价BAK在颈椎前路融合术中的临床应用效果。方法：应用颈椎前路减压BAK融合术治疗颈椎病、外伤性颈椎间盘突出症、节段性颈椎不稳共48例64个椎节,术后卧床7d,颈围保护3-3.5个月。结果：平均随访0个月,术后临床症状体征明显改善47例,X线片示植入的BAK稳定,2例植入节段的间隙变窄,2例BAK出现倾斜,无其它并发症发生,术后3个月手术节段开始出现骨融合。结论：BAK融合技术是一种较好的椎间关节固定融合技术,但应严格掌握其手术适应证。     

单开门加侧块钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的研究颈后路单开门加侧块钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病合并颈椎不稳的临床疗效、侧块钢板固定的特点、必要性以及手术要点。方法2000年2月至2002年2月采用颈后路单开门加侧块钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病合并颈椎不稳22例,单节段不稳15例,双节段不稳6例,三节段不稳1例。结果本组22例随访6月-1年,术后优良率达90．9％,无1例出现内固定松动、椎动脉损伤、颈神经损伤及颈髓损伤等并发症。结论单开门加侧块钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病合并颈椎不稳具有入路安全、经椎管减压彻底同时又可增强颈椎稳定性等特点,是治疗脊髓型颈椎病合并颈椎不稳的一种较好的方法。     

颈椎间盘突出症磁共振成像特点及临床意义

本文报告颈椎间盘突出症80例,术前经MRI检查,突出椎间盘共154个,其中突出椎间盘明显压迫硬膜囊126个.根据MRI影像学改变,结合临床表现及X线颈椎常规片综合分析,施行颈前路突出椎间盘髓核摘除减压64例(91个椎间盘),优良46例(71.87%),好转14例(21.88%).认为MRI矢状切面可显示突出及脱出影像特点,并可直观脊髓受压节段,根据脊髓信号强弱判断其受损程度.横切面可观察到椎间盘突出类型及神经根脊髓受累情况.     

两种不同术式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的比较

目的探讨两种不同的颈椎前路减压植骨融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法37例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者中,22例行前路椎体次全切除减压钛网内植骨钛板内固定术,15例行分节段颈椎间盘切除、减压＋PEEK-cage内植骨椎间融合术。对两种术式疗效及融合率进行统计分析。结果37例均获随访,时间10～31（18±4.25）个月,两组植骨均融合且无椎间盘退变及椎间高度丢失。两术式疗效及融合率比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论颈前路减压植骨内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病,可取得满意效果,应根据患者病理特点,选择恰当的术式。     

颈前路选择性椎体次全切除联合椎间盘切除减压治疗多节段颈椎病

目的总结颈前路选择性椎体次全切除联合椎间盘切除减压治疗多节段颈椎病的手术方法及临床效果。方法2005年1月-2008年1月,收治34例多节段颈椎病患者。男22例,女12例;年龄42～77岁,平均56.9岁。病程2h～8年,平均2年8个月。颈椎X线片及MRI检查显示为2个节段以上椎间平面病变,其中C2～42例,C3～518例,C4～611例,C5～73例。脊髓型颈椎病22例,混合型12例。选择压迫最严重的节段行椎体次全切除,相对次要节段行椎间盘切除,自体髂骨植骨融合钢板内固定术。结果术后均未出现呼吸困难、声嘶、饮水呛咳及进食困难,切口Ⅰ期愈合。34例均获随访,随访时间18～24个月,平均18.4个月。术后3～4个月植骨融合。术后颈椎恢复正常生理曲度,受压节段脊髓膨隆良好。根据日本骨科协会(JOA)颈椎脊髓功能评分法,术前为(11.23±0.65)分,术后6个月为(13.89±0.38)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);改善率获优12例,良18例,可4例,优良率88.2%。结论颈前路选择性椎体次全切除联合椎间盘切除减压术能达到颈椎前方充分减压,有效改善颈椎生理曲度,增加颈前路融合率,促进神经功能恢复,减少并发症发生。     

颈椎不稳致交感型颈椎病的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨交感型颈型病的发病机制及有效的治疗方法。方法 回顾了1989-1998年应用颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者18例,分析了患者产及术后颈椎伸、屈侧位X光片。结果 18例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,不稳定节段为1个者6例,2个者9例,3个者3例;颈椎不稳主要发生于C3-C4和C4-C5,偶见于C5-C6和C6-C7。14例患者术前行颈椎高位硬膜外封闭,11例有效;于不稳定节段行颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术,18例均获随访,平均随访时间为1年9个月,术后有效率为88.9%,结论 颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素。颈椎高位硬膜外封闭具有重要的诊断价值。颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

床旁快速牵引复位在治疗颈椎脱位关节突交锁中的作用

目的探讨床旁快速牵引复位在治疗颈椎关节突脱位交锁中的作用,以期找到快速牵引的适用情况。方法回顾性分析1992年6月～2004年3月颈椎外伤致关节突脱位交锁术前行颅骨牵引快速复位的33例患者的临床资料。双侧关节突脱位交锁21例,单侧关节突交锁12例。常见脱位节段:C4,4 8例、C5,6 15例和C6,7 10例。所有患者均采用床旁颅骨牵引快速复位法,牵引复位成功者均采用颈椎前路间盘切除植骨融合;复位失败者行颈后路切开复位内固定术。结果双侧颈椎关节突脱位交锁者牵引复位成功率为85.7%,单侧颈椎关节突脱位交锁患者牵引复位成功率为16.6%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。23例患者获平均21.6个月(13～36个月)随访。随访病例中植骨融合者均获骨性愈合,颈椎序列良好。结论床旁颅骨快速牵引复位法适用于双侧颈椎关节突脱位交锁患者;双侧关节突脱位交锁患者可先行颅骨快速牵引复位,复位后行颈前路间盘切除植骨融合术;单侧颈椎关节突脱位交锁患者宜行后路切开复位。     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Cervical juxtafacet cyst with myelopathy due to postoperative instability. Case report

A 74-year-old man presented with a cervical juxtafacet cyst on the right side of C5-6 and prominent myelopathy. He had been treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at C4-5 as well as anterior foraminotomy of the right C5-6 lesion 20 months previously. The patient underwent complete surgical excision of the lesion. The patient recovered uneventfully, and the myelopathy resolved. Reexamination of the images revealed that we failed to investigate a suspicious minimal cervical juxtafacet cyst on the initial preoperative images and that the degree of subluxation at C5-6 on flexion radiography had increased postoperatively. Therefore, the surgeon should be aware that juxtafacet cyst can be progressive in planning of cervical spinal surgery which can cause or aggravate instability in the presence of an incidental, suspicious juxtafacet cyst on preoperative imaging at the same level, even if the lesion is very small and subclinical.     

A comparison of anterior cervical fusion, cervical laminectomy, and cervical laminoplasty for the surgical management of multiple level spondylotic radiculopathy

The risks and success of surgery for multiple level cervical spondylotic radiculopathy differs from that of single level disease. The problems associated with multiple level anterior fusion over single level fusion include higher pseudoarthrosis rates than that associated with single level disease. Bilateral and multiple level laminectomy carries the risk of potential instability. Cervical laminoplasty, until recently, has only been performed for myelopathy secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) or cervical stenosis. The purpose of this report is to compare the results and complications of 45 patients with a least a 2-year follow-up who had undergone anterior fusion, cervical laminectomy, or cervical laminoplasty for the surgical management of multiple level cervical radiculopathy due to cervical spondylosis. 18 patients (58 levels) underwent anterior fusion, 12 patients (38 levels) had a cervical laminectomy, and 15 patients (57 levels) underwent a cervical laminoplasty. Roentgenograms indicated spinal stenosis (sagittal diameter less than 12 mm) at 28 levels (15 patients) for the anterior fusion group, 14 levels (9 patients) in the laminectomy group, and 24 levels (13 patients) in the laminoplasty group. Subluxation (2 mm or less) was present at 14 levels (13 patients) in the anterior fusion group, nine levels (9 patients) in the laminectomy group, and 15 levels (8 patients) in the laminoplasty group. Loss of lordosis was present in eight patients undergoing anterior fusion, six patients undergoing laminectomy, and six patients who had a laminoplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

上位颈椎前路手术咽后入路“窗口”显露技术的临床应用观察

目的：探讨上颈椎前路减压经咽后入路＂窗口＂显露技术在上颈椎损伤手术中的应用。方法：2000年1月至2008年7月手术治疗上位颈椎损伤患者5例,男4例,女1例;年龄16～68岁,平均35岁。C2椎弓骨折（HangmanⅡ型）2例,C2,3椎间盘突出症2例,C2椎体结核1例。所有患者经高位前方咽后入路舌下神经、喉上神经、咽和颈动脉之间的＂窗口＂成功获得显露。Hangman骨折复位后行C2,3椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合内固定。C2,3椎间盘突出症患者行相应椎间盘切除,减压植骨融合内固定。C2椎体结核行病灶清除并植骨等。结果：5例患者均成功在舌下神经、喉上神经、咽和颈动脉之间的＂窗口＂显露出C1前弓-C3椎体。随访5～26个月,平均13.5个月。无伤口感染,无颈部重要血管神经损伤。患者的神经症状恢复良好,所有患者植骨都获得了融合。结论：前方咽后入路的＂窗口＂显露技巧可使上颈椎获得理想的显露,创伤小,切口并发症少,有相关经验后也比较安全。     

颈椎病前路手术方案的选择与预后的关系

目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病前路手术方式的选择及相关因素对预后的影响。方法回顾分析84例临床资料,分别为A组:M etrx椎间盘镜下髓核摘除植骨融合术;B组:椎体次全切除减压植骨术;C组:椎体次全切除减压植骨并钢板、钛网内固定术。结果随访各组病例对于各术式适应证均取得满意疗效,各方案无明显优劣。对于椎体次全切除未予钢板固定者,术后12个月改善率较6个月时有显著性下降(P<0.05);给予钢板固定的椎体次全切除者,12个月改善率较6个月时无明显下降。结论影响预后的因素较多,正确应用经颈前路各术式均能达到有效减压的目的。辅以前路钢板内固定将使融合节段更加稳定,有助于改善脊髓型颈椎病的远期疗效。     

Surgical management of cervical soft disc herniation. A comparison between the anterior and posterior approach

Anterior cervical fusion was initially described in the 1950s for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. The indications for this procedure in the management of soft disc herniation have not been clearly defined. In addition, controversy exists as to whether a cervical soft herniation should be managed by an anterior approach or a posterior cervical laminotomy-foraminotomy. The authors report the results of a prospective study comparing anterior discectomy and fusion to posterior laminotomy-foraminotomy for the management of soft cervical disc herniation. Twenty-eight patients underwent anterior discectomy and fusion (Robinson horseshoe graft) while 16 patients underwent posterior laminotomy-foraminotomy. The disc herniations were classified into two types. Type I were single level anterolateral herniations (33 patients) while type II were central soft disc herniations (11 patients). Clinically, patients with type I herniations manifested signs and symptoms of radiculopathy while patients with type II herniations manifested signs of myelopathy or neck pain and bilateral upper extremity paresthesias in 4 patients. Confirmatory studies were myelography in 12 patients, myelography combined with computed tomography (CT) in 26 patients, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 6 patients. For type I herniations, 17 patients underwent anterior fusion while 16 patients had a posterior laminotomy-foraminotomy. The 11 patients classified as type II herniation all underwent anterior discectomy and fusion. There were 27 men and 17 women. The age range was 21 to 52 years (mean, 41 years). The follow-up was 1.6 to 8.2 years (mean, 4.2 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Minimally invasive 2-level posterior cervical foraminotomy: preliminary clinical results

INTRODUCTION: The management of cervical radiculopathy has undergone significant evolution, and the most recent advancement is the integration of minimally invasive surgical techniques. There have been relatively few reports in the medical literature describing the clinical results of minimally invasive cervical spine surgery. The authors describe the surgical indications, technique, and preliminary clinical outcomes in a series of patients who underwent the 2-level minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy procedure. METHODS: This report is composed of 21 consecutive patients with cervical radiculopathy who underwent a minimally invasive 2-level posterior cervical foraminotomy at our institution between 2003 and 2005. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated foraminal or posterolateral pathology at 2 ipsilateral adjacent spinal levels in each patient. Radicular arm pain was the most common presenting symptom, and was encountered in all 21 patients. RESULTS: The mean follow up for the patients was 23 months (range 12 to 36). Complete resolution of preoperative symptoms was achieved in 19 out of 21 patients (90%). Sixteen patients were discharged home the same day of surgery, and the mean estimated blood loss was 35 mL (range 10 to 100 mL). There were no perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive 2-level posterior cervical foraminotomy can be safely performed on an outpatient basis with results comparable to that of conventional foraminotomy. This procedure should be considered as a potential alternative to 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or open foraminotomy in selected patients.