多烯紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效分析

目的评价多烯紫杉醇（TAx）联合顺铂化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效和不良反应。方法30例晚期NSCLC患者采用多烯紫杉醇75mg／m^2、d1,顺铂30mg／m^2、d。进行治疗。3周为1个周期,均治疗2个周期。结果30例NSCLC中,完全缓解2例、部分缓解14例、稳定7例、进展7例,总有效率53．3％（16／30）。主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、肌肉及关节疼痛。结论TAX联合顺铂治疗NSCLC具有较好的疗效,毒副作用可以耐受。     

多西他赛联合吡柔比星治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的观察多西他赛联合吡柔比星治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效及毒副作用,并对其安全性进行评估。方法用多西他赛联合吡柔比星治疗晚期乳腺癌患者102例,其中初治患者58例,复治患者44例。用WHO实体瘤近期客观疗效标准及抗肿瘤药急性及亚急性毒性反应分度标准评价疗效及毒性。用卡氏评价身体状况变化。结果在102例患者中,8例达到完全缓解．52例部分缓解．22例病情稳定,20例出现进展,其中有效率达58．82％,临床获益率达80．39％。初治和复治患者的有效率差异无统计学意义。毒副反应以胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制为主,大多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度。结论多西他赛联合吡柔比星对晚期乳腺癌具有较好的疗效和耐受性．可作为晚期乳腺癌的治疗方法。     

美罗华联合CTNP方案治疗高龄B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的探讨美罗华联合CTNP方案治疗高龄非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效及毒副反应。方法 6例经病理证实为B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤高龄患者采用美罗华联合CTNP方案化疗。每3周为1个周期。观察患者治疗过程中及其后的毒副反应和疗效。结果 6例高龄患者完全缓解4例,部分缓解2例,1年总生存率83.33%。毒副反应均可耐受,主要是骨髓抑制和输液相关的不良反应。结论美罗华联合CTNP方案是治疗高龄B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤的一种有效方案,完全缓解率高且毒副反应小。     

重症溃疡性结肠炎60例中西医结合治疗效果观察

目的 观察中西医结合方法治疗重症溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法 选择60例重症溃疡性结肠炎患者．急性发作期以水杨酸和皮质激素治疗为主．配合内服中药和苦参槐花合剂保留灌肠．缓解期以口服健脾灵为主．辅以水杨酸制剂维持治疗半年以上．观察其临床疗效和远期随访结果。结果 内科保守治疗55例．完全缓解35例(63．6%)．有效18例(32．7％)．无效及死亡各1例(1．8％)：中转手术治疗5例(8．3％)．完全缓解4例．有效1例。远期随访13例．远期完全缓解率67．4％．癌变率2．3‰．死亡率4．7%．手术率6．9%。结论 中西医结合治疗重症溃疡性结肠炎临床疗效优于单纯西医疗法．能明显降低死亡率和手术率。     

支气管动脉灌注紫杉醇联合全身化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的 观察选择性经支气管动脉灌注紫杉醇（泰素）及卡铂并联合紫杉醇全身化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及不良反应。方法 对57例晚期NSCLC患者经支气管动脉注入紫杉醇和卡铂,同时予紫杉醇全身化疗,每例均完成2－3周期后评价其疗效及不良反应。结果 57例中完全缓解（CR）6例,部分缓解（PR）28例,总有效率59．6％。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、脱发等,不良反应多为Ⅰ－Ⅱ度。结论 经支气管动脉灌注紫杉醇和卡铂并联合紫杉醇全身化疗是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的一种有疗效好、不良反应可耐受的方案。     

小剂量HAD方案治疗15例老年急性低增生性白血病疗效分析

目的 探讨小剂量HAD方案治疗急性低增生性白血病的临床疗效.方法 2006年3月～2009年6月对15例低增生性白血病患者采用小剂量HAD方案化疗,并对治疗前后的临床症状、体征、血常规、骨髓细胞学检查结果进行比较.结果 完全缓解率46.7%,总有效率66.7%,感染发生率33.3%.结论 HAD方案治疗低增生性白血病疗效肯定,不良反应小,可以更多应用于临床.     

恶性血液病血清和骨髓透明质酸测定及其临床意义

应用放免法测定了43例恶性血液病、37例良性血液疾病和23例健康成人血清和骨髓透明质酸(HA)。结果表明恶性血液病患者血清和骨髓HA水平显著高于良性血液病(P<0.01)和健康人(P<0.01)。骨髓HA水平分别是血清的2～2.5倍。若以血清HA>185μg/L为判定标准,则血清HA对恶性血液病诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为81.6％、76.3％和80.4％。血清和骨髓HA升高程度随恶性血液病分期而有变化。完全缓解时下降、复发时又升高。测定并动态观察血清和骨髓HA水平变化,对鉴别良恶性血液病、判断病情以及估计预后有重要意义。     

硫酸镁静脉注射辅助治疗哮喘急性发作57例疗效观察

目的探讨硫酸镁辅助治疗支气管哮喘急性发作的疗效。方法将1．09例支气管哮喘急性发作患者分为两组。对照组患者常规给予吸氧、沙丁胺醇雾化溶液联合布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入、茶碱类药物、祛痰、防治感染等常规治疗措施,若患者病情为重度或危重,给予激素静脉应用;治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,加用25％硫酸镁10mL＋氯化钠注射液250mL静脉注射,1—20次/d。结果对照组52例中,治疗1d内完全缓解13例,1～3d间完全缓解20例,3—5d间完全缓解15例,5d后缓解4例。治疗组57例中,治疗1d内完全缓解21例,1～3d间完全缓解26例,3～5d间完全缓解7例,5d后缓解3例。两组患者的3d内缓解率比较,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论辅助使用硫酸镁静脉注射治疗支气管哮喘急性发作,可提高疗效及缩短缓解的时间。     

中西医结合治疗淋巴结转移性肿瘤30例

目的观察中西医结合在淋巴结转移性肿瘤的疗效。方法对我院病理学或细胞学确诊的恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移30例患者,采用常规西医治疗的基础上配合自拟抗癌方外敷治疗。结果治疗组30例,完全缓解16例,部分缓解10例,无变化4例,显效86．67％;对照组30例,分别为12例,10例,8例,显效73．33％。结论中西医结合治疗淋巴结转移性肿瘤可运用于临床,并取得良好的疗效。     

射频消融术联合瘤内注射131Ⅰ-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体治疗肺癌的近期疗效评估

目的 观察射频消融术联合瘤内注射131Ⅰ-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体(131 Ⅰ-chTNT)治疗肺癌的近期疗效.方法 对32例肺癌患者采用射频消融联合131 Ⅰ-chTNT瘤内注射.结果 治疗后有效率56.25％,其中完全缓解3例,部分缓解15例,无变化8例,进展6例.结论 该治疗方法疗效满意,是一种疗效可靠、安全、发症少的治疗技术.     

99Tcm-labelled HSA-nanocolloid versus 111In oxine-labelled granulocytes in detecting skeletal septic process

Fifty-seven investigations of the skeletal system were performed on 54 patients, using a 99Tcm-labelled nanometer-sized HSA colloid in a crossover comparison with 111In oxine-labelled granulocytes for the detection of sites of infection. The findings were in agreement in 55 out of 57 investigations (96.5%). Based on 44 studies in which a final clinical diagnosis was obtained, both methods were found to display the same specificity (93%), whilst the sensitivity of 99Tcm nanocolloid scintigraphy (87%) was slightly higher than that obtained with 111In leucocyte scintigraphy (81%). In our opinion, 99Tcm nanocolloid is easier to use and the total duration of the investigation is considerably shorter. The use of 99Tcm is scintigraphically more advantageous and, with the dosage required, the absorbed radiation dose to the red bone marrow is three times lower than with 111In granulocytes. For the detection and therapy monitoring of osteomyelitis, as well as for the investigation of arthroplasties suspected of infective loosening, we consider scintigraphy with 99Tcm nanocolloid to be equivalent to leucocyte scintigraphy. Identical findings were obtained with both tracers in suspected spondylodiscitis.     

Comparative diagnostic value and therapeutic relevance of magnetic resonance imaging and bone marrow scintigraphy in patients with metastatic solid tumors of the axial skeleton

PURPOSE: To evaluate the comparative impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone marrow scintigraphy (BMS) in bone marrow metastases of solid tumors. METHODS: In 20 patients with solid tumors MRI of the axial skeleton and whole-body BMS were retrospectively reviewed. Detectability of metastases, extent of disease and therapeutic implications were assessed. RESULTS: In 15/20 (75%) patients MRI and BMS concordantly revealed bone marrow metastases of the axial skeleton. In nine of these 15 patients (60%) MRI showed more metastases. Local radiotherapy or surgery was performed in seven of these cases (78%). BMS detected additional metastases of the appendicular skeleton in 8/15 (53%) patients. In 4/20 cases (20%) the imaging findings were discordant. In three patients with degenerative changes (n=2) or lipoma (n=1) BMS was false positive. In another patient BMS failed to detect metastases proven by MRI and clinical follow-up resulting in subsequent radiation therapy. One patient had normal bone marrow. CONCLUSION: MRI appears to be more sensitive and specific in the detection of bone marrow metastases in the axial skeleton and is of clinical importance for subsequent local therapy.     

Todesfälle nach Low-dose-Therapie mit Methotrexat

A total of four fatal cases from autopsies carried out by the authors are reported where there was a direct causal connection to a low-dose therapy with the folic acid antagonist methotrexate (MTX) at a dosage of 15–25 mg/week. The patients suffered from chronic inflammatory joint destruction of a rheumatic form in addition to other preexisting internal diseases. A low-dose therapy with MTX as the basis is indicated by this form of disease. In all four cases bone marrow damage occurred after MTX treatment which subsequently gave rise to infection and led to the death of the patient. During antirheumatic MTX therapy the indication status must be strictly controlled and close-meshed laboratory controls are necessary during the therapy regime. Furthermore, interaction with other medications must be taken into consideration in order to control the occurrence of other complications such as sepsis or haemorrhagic pneumonia in advance.     

A retrospective analysis of long-term survival in severe aplastic anemia patients treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A at a single institution

Severe aplastic anemia can be treated with either bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or immunosuppressive therapy (IST). A retrospective review of patients with severe aplastic anemia treated with both of these modalities was conducted. Fifteen BMT and 16 IST patients were available for analysis, and follow-up of 22 and 15 years was available for the BMT and IST groups, respectively. Median survival was limited to 4.3 months in BMT patients vs. 135.2 months in IST patients, despite the older median age of the latter (22 vs. 55 years). Actuarial survival at 1 and 5 years was 87% and 78% for the IST patients and 40% and 33% for the BMT patients. Hematologic response rates, as defined by achievement of transfusion independence, were similar for the two groups. Long-term responses and survival are possible with antithymocyte globulin/cyclosporin A.     

Long-Term Survival Following Radiotherapy and Cytarabine Chemotherapy for Sporadic Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

PURPOSE: To analyze the long-term results following whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with sequential intrathecal (i.th.) cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) +/- intravenous (i.v.) Ara-C in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 14 patients were treated between July 1987 and August 1995. All had sporadic PCNSL with proven histology of high-grade CNS lymphoma (twelve diffuse large-cell B-lymphomas, one lymphoblastic lymphoma, one large T-cell lymphoma). Patients were treated with two to four cycles of induction chemotherapy (40 mg/m2 Ara-C i.th.), four patients received additional Ara-C i.v. (150 mg/m2, d1-4). WBRT was administered using 1.8-Gy fractions. Intrathecal chemotherapy was planned afterwards in 4-week intervals for 6 months. Posttreatment neurocognitive evaluations were performed in two long-term survivors. RESULTS: Two of four patients who received i.v. and i.th. induction chemotherapy showed progressive disease, and irradiation was started immediately. Six of 14 patients received 50.4 Gy WBRT, four patients had WBRT up to 39.6 Gy followed by a 10.8-Gy boost. Five patients died early during therapy either due to a decline of the general medical condition or progressive disease. Median survival was 41 months (95% confidence interval: 6-79 months), survival at 3 and 5 years was 59% and 42%, respectively. Six patients survived for 3 years, two younger patients are still alive (> 12 years). They show only slightly impaired neurocognitive functions without clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: This WBRT-based protocol with i.th. meningeal prophylaxis using Ara-C +/- i.v. Ara-C yields substantial long-term survival with moderate toxicity. The value of i.v. chemotherapy is currently being investigated in prospective studies.     

博来霉素化疗的同期联合放疗治疗头颈部中晚期鳞癌

目的　观察使用博来霉素化疗的同期给予放疗治疗头颈部中晚期鳞癌的疗效。方法　 62例头颈部中晚期鳞癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组 3 2例 ,每天用博来霉素 8mg加地塞米松 5 mg,静滴 ,1次 / d,化疗后采用直线加速器放疗。5次 /周 ,2 Gy/次 ,照射总量 60～ 70 Gy,博来霉素总量 1 60～ 2 0 0 mg。对照组 3 0例 ,给予单纯放疗治疗 ,剂量同观察组。结果　观察组和对照组在放疗 40 Gy及放疗结束后 3个月 ,颈淋巴结消退率分别为 :44% ,3 0 %和 88% ,73 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,毒副反应均较轻。结论　博来霉素化疗同期进行放疗 ,有利于提高头颈部中晚期鳞癌患者淋巴结转移灶全消率 ,减少残存 ,是治疗头颈部中晚期鳞癌有效方法     

177 Lu-Dota-octreotate radionuclide therapy of advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: results from a phase II study

Purpose

We evaluated the activity and safety profile of ¹⁷⁷Lu-Dotatate peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (Lu-PRRT) in patients with advanced, well-differentiated (G1-G2) gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs).

Methods

Forty-three patients with radiological tumor progression at baseline and a positive Octreoscan® completed the treatment with Lu-PRRT, resulting in the cumulative activity of 18.5 or 27.8 GBq in five cycles. Total activity was scheduled on the basis of kidney function or bone marrow reserve.

Results

Twenty-five (58 %) patients were treated with a “standard” Lu-PRRT full dosage (FD) of 25.7 GBq (range 22.2-27.8), while the remaining 18 patients (42 %) who, at enrolment, showed a higher probability of developing kidney or bone marrow toxicity received a reduced dosage (RD) of 18.4 GBq (range 14.4-20.4). According to SWOG criteria, the overall response was complete response (CR) in (7 %) cases and stable disease (SD) in 33 (77 %), with a disease control rate (DCR) of 84 %. Median response duration was 25 months (range 7-50). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 36 months (95 % CI 24-nr), and median overall survival (OS) has not yet been reached. Remarkably, none of the patients, including those at a higher risk of toxicity, showed side-effects after either dosage of Lu-PRRT.

Conclusion

Lu-PRRT was shown to be an effective therapeutic option in our patients with advanced progressive GI-NETs, showing an 84 % DCR (95 % CI 73-95) that lasted for 25 months and a PFS of 36 months. Both activities of 27.8 GBq and 18.5 GBq proved safe and effective in all patients, including those with a higher probability of developing kidney or bone marrow toxicity.     

Experience with combined therapy in lymphogranulomatosis

The article gathers the experience of therapy for lymphogranulomatosis of 1122 patients during last 12 years, and gives the summary of its immediate results. The only radiation therapy was employed for 11.3% of patients, chemical therapy--for 1.2%, and combined therapy in which both radiation and chemical therapy were used--87%. The simultaneous employment of radiation and chemical therapy led to a considerable reduction of the period of treatment, moreover there were no pronounced depressions in medullary hemoplasty. The further progression of the disease was commonly marked only in the cases with general manifestation of illness and affection of more than two globate glands. It is recommended to continue polychemical treatment for a year after the patient's recovery in order to prevent relapses.     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of metastatic disease of the spine: assessment of response to therapy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In cases of metastatic disease of the spine, monitoring the response to medical therapy with plain radiography, bone scanning, and conventional spin-echo sequence MR imaging is unsatisfactory because of the insensitivity or nonspecific findings of these imaging modalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate signal intensity changes of bone marrow after therapy by using diffusion-weighted MR imaging to monitor the response to medical therapy in cases of metastatic disease of the spine. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with metastatic disease of the spine were examined with MR imaging. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging and spin-echo MR imaging were performed in all patients before and after radiation therapy. Follow-up diffusion-weighted MR imaging and spin-echo MR imaging were performed for comparison purposes in nine cases at 1 month, in seven cases at 2 months, in seven cases at 3 months, and in three cases at 6 months after therapy. The diffusion-weighted MR imaging sequences were based on a steady-state free precession with a low b value (165 s/mm(2)) and a single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode with a high b value (650 s/mm(2)). Apparent diffusion coefficient maps were obtained using two different b values incorporated in a diffusion-weighted single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode sequence. Apparent diffusion coefficient maps were obtained in three cases. Signal intensity changes of the metastatic disease of the vertebral bone marrow before and after therapy on conventional spin-echo sequence and diffusion-weighted MR images were evaluated. RESULTS: As shown by diffusion-weighted MR imaging, metastatic disease of the vertebral bone marrow included in our study before therapy was hyperintense to normal vertebral bodies. In 23 patients with clinical improvement, metastatic disease of the spine after therapy was hypointense relative to normal vertebral bodies on the follow-up diffusion-weighted MR images. In one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, the clinical symptoms did not improve and follow-up bone scanning performed 6 months after therapy showed increased uptake. Persistent hyperintense bone marrow after therapy was also noted on diffusion-weighted MR images. Decreased signal intensity of the metastatic disease of the spine on diffusion-weighted MR images was observed >1 month after therapy. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging shows that, with successful therapy, there is decreased signal intensity of metastatic disease of the vertebral bone marrow.     

MR imaging findings in transient osteoporosis of the hip

Purpose: The authors sought to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings including perfusion imaging, in association with the course of acute bone marrow oedema syndrome (aBMEs), in a group of patients with acute hip pain and a final diagnosis of transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH). Materials and methods: From 217 patients referred with a probable diagnosis of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, we identified 42 patients who had clinical and radiographic findings not relevant to AVN. MR imaging examinations were performed on a 1.0T scanner. Perfusion imaging was performed in 20 patients. The bone marrow oedema (BME) was classified in four stages. In addition, the presence or absence of oedema in the subchondral area and the presence of other subchondral lesions were recorded. Acetabular bone marrow was also assessed for the presence of oedema. The quantitative measurements included: maximum size of the effusion, percentage of enhancement (PE) and time of peak enhancement of abnormal marrow compared to the first pass, on the perfusion images. Results: Osteopenia was present on plain radiographs in 87% of cases. The most common pattern of BME was extending to the femoral head and neck. Acetabulum was involved in 16.6%. In 22.6% the BME spared the subchondral region of the femoral head. There were two cases (4.7%) with subchondral changes. A joint effusion was noted in 33 of the 42 patients. On perfusion imaging, a delayed peak enhancement was noted in 20 patients between 40 and 65 s after the first pass of contrast. No patient had any evidence of femoral head collapse or change in sphericity on follow-up MRI. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis in a time frame of 18 months from the onset of the acute hip pain. Conclusion: The aBMEs MR imaging pattern varies and is most commonly appearing on X-rays as osteopenia. Absence of subcondral lesions, delayed peak enhancement of the abnormal marrow on perfusion images, and sparing of subchondral zone from marrow oedema are MR imaging findings highly correlated to TOH.