低能量射频消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速的评估

目的初步探讨射频改良房室结双径路的能量,房室传导阻滞发生率,初步手术成功率和复发率.方法自1998年1月至2000年6月,对20例(女14例,男6例),平均年龄(43.4±17.1)岁频发房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者,采用射频消融能量从5W低能量开始,无效则按每5W逐渐递增,限定最大能量为30W进行消融慢径改良房室结功能.结果20例患者全部改良成功,平均释放能量5～30W,平均(17.6±7.2)W,术后平均4～30个月随访,无1例发生房室传导阻滞并发症,其中1例术后2个月复发AVNRT,经再次射频消融慢径改良房室结功能成功.结论采用低能量射频消融改良房室结功能,疗效满意,对减少房室传导阻滞并发症有益.     

低能量射频消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速的评估

目的:初步探讨射频改良房室结双径路的能量,房室传导阻滞发生率,初步手术成功率和复发率。方法:自1998年1月至2000年6月,对20例(女14例,男6例),平均年龄(43.4±17.1)岁频发房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者,采用射频消融能量从5W低能量开始,无效则按每5W逐渐递增,限定最大能量为30W进行消融慢径改良房室结功能。结果:20例患者全部改良成功,平均释放能量5～30W,平均(17.6±7.2)W,术后平均4～30个月随访,无1例发生房室传导阻滞并发症,其中1例术后2个月复发AVNRT,经再次射频消融慢径改良房室结功能成功。结论:采用低能量射频消融改良房室结功能,疗效满意,对减少房室传导阻滞并发症有益。     

射频消融房室交界区慢、快经区域对犬和人心房颤动时心室率的影响

本文观察经导管射频消融房室交界区慢、快径区域对大和人心房颤动时心室率的影响.方法 杂种犬4条,体重11±1.2kg.房室结折返性心动过速患者7例,年龄29～65岁.阵发性房颤患者4例,年龄62～70岁,其中2例为短P-R间期综合征.均先采用“下位法”消融慢径区域后,若房室结有效不应期或房颤时平均R-R间期无明显变化,则加行“快径”区域消融.房颤诱发采用猝发脉冲电刺激(人)或静滴氯化乙酰胆碱后猝发脉冲电刺激(犬).结果 7例房室结折返性心动过速患者中5例经下位法射频消融阻断慢径,房室结前传有效不应期及诱发房颤时平均R-R间期明显延长(222±33ms vs 285±42ms和539±44ms vs 656±53ms P<0.01),无并发症.4条大及4例阵发性房颤患者经心内电生理检查证实均无房室结双径路表现,选择性消融“慢径区域”后,房室结有效不应期和房颤时平均R—R间期无明显变化,加行“快径区域”消融后,房室结有效不应期和房颤时平均R—R间期明显延长(犬145±16ms vs 185±22ms和305±13ms vs 403±17ms P<0.01,人220ms vs 490ms和367ms vs 690msP<0.01),1例房颤患者术后3天出现Ⅲ°AVB,2周后恢复为Ⅰ°AVB.本文还在动物实验中观察到消融快径区域时,房侧靶点(A/V>1)较室侧靶点(A/V<1)更易于造成Ⅲ°AVB.结论 选择性射频消融慢径区域对减?     

房室结慢径消融后对快径前传不应期影响

<正> 房室结双径路(DAVNP)是形成房室结折返性心动过速的必须电生理基础,射频消融房室结慢径路是治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)安全、有效的方法.射频消融慢径路后有学者发现快径路前传不应期发生改变,本文对慢径路消融后快径路前传不应期改变,探讨慢径路消融后对快径路前传不应期的影响.1 资料和方法1.1 病例选择经电生理检查证实为DAVNP伴AVNRT患者44例,其中男性21例,女性23例;年龄15～77岁,平均年龄46.77±14.89岁;病史0.6～30年,均有反复发作室上性心动过速史.无器质性心脏病证据.合并房室结快径经消融者未选入.     

射频导管消融房室结慢径路严密心电监测的临床意义

目的探讨房室结慢径路消融有效放电过程中,心电监测的临床意义。方法分析55例慢-快型房室结折返性心动过速(S-F AVNRT),在有效靶点以低能量(15～25W)放电时的心电监测资料。结果55例房室结慢径路消融均获成功,有效放电过程均出现交接区心搏。7倒出现一过性房室传导阻滞(AVB),其中5例于交接区心搏伴室一房阻滞即刻停止放电后发生,2例于窦性心搏P—R间期延长即刻停止放电后发生,无1例出现持续性AVB。随访3～48个月,4例复发,均再次消融后未再复发。结论心电监测可指导射频能量的应用,避免持续性AVB的发生。     

射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速(附31例报道)

报道射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)31例,成功率为96.8％。快径消融4例,慢径者27例,有1例在射频消融过程中发生心室颤动。快、慢径消融中发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)各1例。随访2～24月,复发1例。笔者认为AVNRT射频消融术应在慢径进行,因其Ⅲ度AVB合并症少。另外,AVNRT消融不应在心动过速发作时进行,恐掩盖早期出现的交界性心律及导管移位。     

房室结改良术中Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞的发生与预防

34例房室结改良术中3例发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)。2例永久性Ⅲ度AVB发生在消融快通道时,1例—过性Ⅲ度AVB发生在下位法消融慢通道时。3例均发生在放电出现频率较快的非阵发性交界性心动过速时。针对这3例情况,本文讨论了发生Ⅲ度AVB的原因及预防措施。     

房室结内折返性心动过速慢径路消融中房室传导阻滞的预防

目的 探讨房室结内折返性心动过速(AVNRT)慢径路消融中房室传导阻滞的预防措施。方法 72例AVNRT患者从小功率(5W)开始放电，逐步增加放电功率，根据放电时的反应，及时改换安全的放电部位；放电过程中不苛求房室交接区心律从有到无的规律；慢径路改良，不苟求慢径路消失，以不诱发心动过速为宗旨。结果 72例慢径路消融均成功，无一例发生房室传导阻滞的并发症，无一例远期复发。结论 从小功率开始放电，慢径路改良等措施，可有效预防房室传导阻滞，且对远期复发无影响。     

射频消融慢径致房室传导阻滞的临床分析

目的：探讨经导管射频消融改良慢径致完全房室传导阻滞的发生与预防。方法：回顾性分析52例采用下位法消融改良慢径的房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）患者的临床资料。结果：AVNRT消融成功率100％（52／52），完全房室传导阻滞（三度AVB）包括一过性与永久性发生率为9．62％（5／52）。其中永久性三度AVB5.77%(3/52)，一过性三度AVB 3．85％（2／52）。结论：消融改良慢径治疗AVNRT，成功率高，痛苦小，主要并发症是三度AVB，寻找有效靶点，缩短消融时间以及识别三度AVB前特征心电改变是预防的关键。     

射频导管消融改良房室结慢径路的方法学评价

为评价射频导管消融改良房室结慢径路的两种方法,对连续42例房室结内折返性心动过速患者分别采用下位法和后位法进行慢径路改良。结果总成功率97.6％,并发症率2.4％。认为;(1)下位法比后位法明显有效,但发生完全性心脏传导阻滞的危险性亦增加;(2)建议对年轻者(如≤55岁)优先采用后位法,对年长者可径用下位法,必要时可在消融电极心电图上保留较小的希氏束电位放电;(3)采用下位法时必须先以消融电极稳定记录到明确的希氏束电位后,再向下弯曲导管,以提高定位慢径路的准确性和减少心脏传导阻滞的发生;(4)放电中出现与窦性心律竞争的房室交接区性心律现象揭示消融有效,而出现房室交接区性心动过速则提示可能发生完全性传导阻滞。     

Coexistence of 2 types of atrial tachycardias and right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

Double tachycardia is a relatively uncommon type of tachycardia. In this report, we discuss a 68-year-old woman with history of frequent palpitations. Electrophysiologic study revealed that narrow QRS tachycardias from 2 origins and 1 wide QRS tachycardia were induced and each of the tachycardias was induced by the other. We found that 2 focal atrial tachycardias and 1 ventricular tachycardia originated from right ventricular outflow tract. All of these tachycardias were successfully ablated during one session, and no recurrence appeared during 10 months of follow-up.     

Sustained intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Electrophysiologic study of 20 cases

Twenty cases of sustained tachycardia due to intra-atrial reentry were investigated in patients aged 17 to 80 years (mean 47). The average frequency of the tachycardia was 128.6/min (extremes 95 and 180). Three modes of onset of the tachycardia were observed: atrial extra-stimulus (19 times), progressively accelerated atrial pacing (9 times) and atrial escape beat (10 times). The tachycardia was stopped in all cases by a premature stimulation. When spontaneous, the termination was either sudden (10 times) or preceded by a progressive slowing (9 times) or an alternating phenomenon of long-short cycle (13 times). Precise atrial mapping allowed to localize the first atrial depolarization less frequently in the sinus node area (1 case) than in the mean right atrium (21 cases), the low right atrium (2 cases), the interatrial septum (2 cases), and the left atrium (4 cases). The macroscopic size of the reentry circuit was demonstrated in only 3 cases. A junctional reentry was accurately ruled out in all cases thanks to the existence of a second or third-degree AV or VA black, or by studying the sequence of retrograde atrial activation. A true junctional reciprocating tachycardia was associated with the intra-atrial reentry in 2 cases.     

Differentiating wide complex tachycardias: A historical perspective

One of the most critical and challenging skills is the distinction of wide complex tachycardias into ventricular tachycardia or supraventricular wide complex tachycardia. Prompt and accurate differentiation of wide complex tachycardias naturally influences short- and long-term management decisions and may directly affect patient outcomes. Currently, there are many useful electrocardiographic criteria and algorithms designed to distinguish ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia accurately; however, no single approach guarantees diagnostic certainty. In this review, we offer an in-depth analysis of available methods to differentiate wide complex tachycardias by retrospectively examining its rich literature base – one that spans several decades.     

Automatic wide complex tachycardia differentiation using mathematically synthesized vectorcardiogram signals

BackgroundAutomated wide complex tachycardia (WCT) differentiation into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) may be accomplished using novel calculations that quantify the extent of mean electrical vector changes between the WCT and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG). At present, it is unknown whether quantifying mean electrical vector changes within three orthogonal vectorcardiogram (VCG) leads (X, Y, and Z leads) can improve automated VT and SWCT classification.MethodsA derivation cohort of paired WCT and baseline ECGs was used to derive five logistic regression models: (i) one novel WCT differentiation model (i.e., VCG Model), (ii) three previously developed WCT differentiation models (i.e., WCT Formula, VT Prediction Model, and WCT Formula II), and (iii) one “all‐inclusive” model (i.e., Hybrid Model). A separate validation cohort of paired WCT and baseline ECGs was used to trial and compare each model''s performance.ResultsThe VCG Model, composed of WCT QRS duration, baseline QRS duration, absolute change in QRS duration, X‐lead QRS amplitude change, Y‐lead QRS amplitude change, and Z‐lead QRS amplitude change, demonstrated effective WCT differentiation (area under the curve [AUC] 0.94) for the derivation cohort. For the validation cohort, the diagnostic performance of the VCG Model (AUC 0.94) was similar to that achieved by the WCT Formula (AUC 0.95), VT Prediction Model (AUC 0.91), WCT Formula II (AUC 0.94), and Hybrid Model (AUC 0.95).ConclusionCustom calculations derived from mathematically synthesized VCG signals may be used to formulate an effective means to differentiate WCTs automatically.     

Mayo Clinic VT calculator: A practical tool for accurate wide complex tachycardia differentiation

The discrimination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) versus supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) via 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for achieving appropriate, high-quality, and cost-effective care in patients presenting with wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT). Decades of rigorous research have brought forth an expanding arsenal of applicable manual algorithm methods for differentiating WCTs. However, these algorithms are limited by their heavy reliance on the ECG interpreter for their proper execution. Herein, we introduce the Mayo Clinic ventricular tachycardia calculator (MC-VTcalc) as a novel generalizable, accurate, and easy-to-use means to estimate VT probability independent of ECG interpreter competency. The MC-VTcalc, through the use of web-based and mobile device platforms, only requires the entry of computerized measurements (i.e., QRS duration, QRS axis, and T-wave axis) that are routinely displayed on standard 12-lead ECG recordings.     

Current Algorithms for the Diagnosis of wide QRS Complex Tachycardias

The differential diagnosis of a regular, monomorphic wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) mechanism represents a great diagnostic dilemma commonly encountered by the practicing physician, which has important implications for acute arrhythmia management, further work-up, prognosis and chronic management as well. This comprehensive review discusses the causes and differential diagnosis of WCT, and since the ECG remains the cornerstone of WCT differential diagnosis, focuses on the application and diagnostic value of different ECG criteria and algorithms in this setting and also provides a practical clinical approach to patients with WCTs.     

国产心脏射频治疗仪治疗阵发性心动过速

报告用我们与西安黄河机器制造厂共同研制的DS92H心脏射频治疗仪,对阵发性心动过速患者47例进行50次射频消融术的结果.前7例次采用美国USCI公司标准电极导管(标准组),无1例成功,其中3例以后改用大头导管.46例采用美国Mansfield公司大头导管(大头组),其中房室结快道消融术(AAVN)10例,房室旁道消融术(AAP)32例(4例左侧游离壁旁道用单大头导管法),室速起源点消融术(AVT)4例.除4例AVT与2例AAP外,均获成功.大头组AAVN与AAP总成功率为95%.成功病例的操作总时间为0.7～5.2(平均2.0)h,且随经验积累,时间缩短.除AAVN1例术后Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞而植入水入起搏器,AAP1例轻度主动脉瓣返流外,无严重并发症.术后随访1～9月(平均5.3月).AAP组3例复发,复发率9.4%;AAVN组无复发.