IFAT和McAb—LAT诊断囊虫病的诊断

本文采用猪囊尾蚴冰冻切片抗原间接荧光抗体试验（ＩＦＡＴ）和抗猪囊尾蚴单克隆抗体乳胶凝集试验（ＭｃＡｂ－ＬＡＴ）对囊虫病患者进行特异性抗体和抗原的检测，囊虫病患者抗体检出率为８３．７１％，分型抗体检测，混合型及脑型检出率明显高于皮肌型（Ｐ〉０．０１）；患者循环抗原的检出率为７３．０５％，脑型患者囊虫活动期的循环抗原的阳性率明显高于囊虫钙化期（Ｐ〈０．０１），药物治疗３个月以上患者循环抗原的阳性率降为     

检测血清和脑脊液中囊尾蚴循环抗原诊断脑囊虫病的研究

目的：用抗血清检测脑囊虫病患者血清和脑脊液（ Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ）中囊尾蚴循环抗原（ Ｃ Ａｇ）诊断脑囊虫病。方法：用 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ提纯的蛋白质分子量为 ６４ ｋ Ｄａ、５３ ｋ Ｄａ、３２ ｋ Ｄａ～３０ ｋ Ｄａ 的囊尾蚴抗原分别免疫家兔,制备相应的抗血清,以双夹心 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测患者血清和 Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ中 Ｃ Ａｇ。结果：抗５３ ｋ Ｄａ 抗原抗血清对 ３２ 例脑囊虫病活动型患者血清和 Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ中 Ｃ Ａｇ 的检出率分别为９３．８％ 和９１．７％ ,１６ 例脑囊虫病非活动型患者仅１ 例 Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ Ｃ Ａｇ 阳性。 Ｃ Ａｇ 检出率明显高于用抗６４ ｋ Ｄａ、３２ ｋ Ｄａ～３０ ｋ Ｄａ 囊尾蚴抗原抗血清检测的结果（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：抗５３ ｋ Ｄａ 囊尾蚴抗原抗血清检测活动型脑囊虫病患者血清和 Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ中的 Ｃ Ａｇ 敏感性较高,特异性较强,可用于活动型脑囊虫病的诊断和疗效考核。     

金标特异抗原单克隆抗体斑点免疫金染色用于检测脑囊虫…

应用金标记猪囊尾蚴囊液抗原为探针，以抗猪囊尾蚴抗原的ＭｃＡｂ为联桥，建立了非常规Ｄｏｔ－ＩＧＳ用于检测脑囊虫病患者ＣＡｇ的方法，用４Ｇ２ＭｃＡｂ检测８４例脑囊虫病人，１３例检出ＣＡｇ，阳性率为９２．８６％。检测其他疾病患者３６例，均为阴性。用４Ｇ２与１Ｆ１１株ＭｃＡｂ可分别检出最小抗原量为１ｎｇ／ｍｌ和０．２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。本法敏感、特异、操作简单，可用于脑囊虫病的诊断。     

应用特异性单克隆抗体测定脑囊虫病患者血清及脑脊液中循…

应用特异单克隆抗体作ＤＯＴ－ＥＬＩＳ和竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６５例脑囊虫病患者血清和脑脊液中前淳离循环Ａｇ（ＦＣＡｇ）和循环免疫复合物抗原（ＣＩＣＡｇ）。血清ＦＣＡｇ阳性率分别为８１．３％和８１．５％，ＣＩＣＡｇ阳性率为９５．４％和９２．３％（０．１９－１２０．０ｇ／ｍｌ）脑脊液测定ＦＣＡｇ阳性率为７８．５％和８６．２％，ＣＩＣＡｇ阳率率为９０．８％和９３．８％。结果表明检测总循环抗的有利于提高脑囊虫     

231例脑囊虫病患者脑脊液中循环抗原检测分析

本文报告应用抗猪囊尾蚴单克隆抗体４Ｆ８－ＥＬＩＳＡ对２３１例脑囊虫病患者脑脊液中循环抗原检测的结果。经与患者病史、临床分型和脑ＣＴ检查结果比较，发现脑脊液中ＣＡｇ与有无绦虫史无关。脑型合并皮下结节患者脑脊液中ＣＡｇ的阳性率明显高于单纯型脑囊虫病和皮下结节消失组的患者。ＣＡｇ检测的结果与囊尾蚴和脑部寄生的数量，病灶的新旧与部位等病理情况有关。表明ＭｃＡｂ（４Ｆ８）－ＥＬＩＳＡ不仅可用于脑囊虫病的诊断     

检测血清和脑脊液中囊尾蚴循环抗原诊断脑囊虫 …

目的：用抗血清检测脑囊虫病患者血清和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中囊尾蚴循环抗原（ＣＡｇ）诊断脑囊虫病。方法：用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ提纯的蛋白质分子量为６４ｋＤａ、５３ｋＤａ、３２ｋＤａ～３０ｋＤａ的囊尾蚴抗原分别免疫家兔,制备相应的抗血清,以双夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测患者血清和ＣＳＦ中ＣＡｇ。结果：抗原体５３ｋＤａ抗原抗血清对３２例脑囊虫病活动型患者血清和ＣＳＦ中ＣＡｇ的检出率分别为９３．８％和９１．７％,１６例脑     

507例绦,囊虫病人循环抗体与循环抗原测定结果与脑CT分型…

本文总结５０７例临床确诊的绦、囊虫病人血清和脑脊液免疫学测定结果，分别以ＩＨＡ、ＥＬＩＳＡ测定循环抗体，以夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定循环抗原，其阳性检出率依镒为血清６７．５％、６３．８％、６０．６％；脑脊液为５９．４％、４６．１％、６７．５％。其中循环抗体的阳性检出率以血清为高，循环抗原以脑脊液为高。脑ＣＴ呈小囊型、炎症型及混合型表现的脑囊虫病患者抗体与抗原的阳性检出率均高于钙化型脑囊虫病组及单纯绦虫感染     

507例绦、囊虫病人循环抗体与循环抗原测定结果与脑CT分型对照分析

本文总结５０７例临床确诊的绦、囊虫病人血清和脑脊液免疫学测定结果,分别以ＩＨＡ、ＥＬＩＳＡ测定循环抗体,以夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定循环抗原,其阳性检出率依次为血清６７．５％、６３．８％、６０．６％;脑脊液为５９．４％、４６．１％、６７．５％。其中循环抗体的阳性检出率以血清为高,循环抗原以脑脊液为高。脑ＣＴ呈小囊型、炎症型及混合型表现的脑囊虫病患者抗体与抗原的阳性检出率均高于钙化型脑囊虫病组及单纯绦虫感染和单纯皮肌型囊虫病组;三种方法六项试验配合应用可以显著降低绦、囊虫病患者的漏诊率。     

McAb检测囊尾蚴循环抗原诊断脑囊虫病试剂盒的研制

本文报道了McAb(4F_2)ELISA检测囊尾蚴循环抗原诊断脑囊虫病试剂盒的研制。实验对227例脑囊虫病患者脑脊液进行检测,循环抗原阳性率为84.58％,其中活动型脑囊虫病患者171例,循环抗原阳性率为93.57％。56例非活动型脑囊虫病患者,循环抗原阳性率为57.14％,前者的循环抗原强度也明显高于后者。83例患有其它中枢神经系统疾病的患者,1例阳性,阴性符合率为98.80％。本试验方法简便,结果客观,对脑囊虫病特别是活动型脑囊虫病敏感性高、特异性强。     

脑囊虫病患者血清NO水平及机体免疫状态的研究

为研究脑囊虫病患者血清中的一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平与机体免疫状况的关系,用比色法检测脑囊虫病患者血清的ＮＯ水平,同时用直接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测脑囊虫病和恶性肿瘤患者血清弓形虫抗体,以健康人血清作对照。结果显示,脑囊虫病患者血清ＮＯ水平为（２７．７７±３．７７）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,明显低于正常人组（５０．０４±６．２３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。脑囊虫病患者弓形虫抗体阳性率（２３．３％）明显高于正常人（１２％）,与恶性肿瘤病人弓形虫抗体阳性率（２７．１％）无显著性差异。表明脑囊虫病患者有继发性免疫缺陷。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.