肠系膜上动脉夹层一例

患者男,60岁.因右上腹部持续性疼痛,阵发性加剧3 d入院.实验室检查:白细胞12.8 × 109/L,血、尿淀粉酶正常,肝、肾功能正常.心电图未见异常.血压:135/80 mm Hg(1 nun Hg=0.133 kPa).体检无明显异常.     

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome secondary to an abdominal aortic aneurysm

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome in association with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is exceedingly rare and has been noted to occur in patients with severe abdominal pain, bilious emesis, and a history of tobacco use. When symptoms of small bowel obstruction occur, it is imperative to investigate further with cross-sectional imaging to determine the etiology. Conservative management is preferred, but in cases of SMA syndrome with concomitant AAA, aneurysm repair should be considered, regardless of size, if initial treatment fails.     

Superior mesenteric artery stenting for mesenteric ischaemia in Sneddon's syndrome

Mesenteric ischaemia is a rare but serious cause of abdominal pain. We present the case of a man with Sneddon's syndrome, who had symptomatic mesenteric ischaemia secondary to a superior mesenteric artery stenosis in conjunction with a hepatic artery stenosis. As far as the authors are aware, this has not previously been described in Sneddon's syndrome, which is a vascular systemic disease characterized by an association between cerebrovascular accidents and a livedo reticularis skin rash. He was treated with balloon angioplasty and stent insertion, with good symptomatic improvement. This has implications for other stenoses in this condition should they become symptomatic.     

Superior mesenteric artery embolism: treatment with intraarterial urokinase.

Four patients with a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) embolism were successfully treated with intraarterial urokinase. Angiography showed partial SMA occlusion by intraluminal thrombus in two cases and almost total occlusion in two cases. Laparotomy was performed in the latter two cases, one of which required resection of infarcted bowel. Several additional reports of partially occluding SMA emboli treated successfully with streptokinase were found in the literature. The use of intraarterial thrombolytic drugs is an important addition to the treatment of mesenteric embolism that, in some cases, can eliminate or simplify surgical management.     

Successful fibroid embolization of pelvic and inferior mesenteric artery collaterals after previous uterine artery embolization

A 47-year-old woman with a history of myomectomies and uterine artery embolization 15 years previously presented with increasing menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multiple enhancing fibroids, extensive uterine supply from what appeared to be patent uterine arteries, and significant supply from what appeared to be the left ovarian artery. Aortography demonstrated no ovarian supply, but extensive collateral supply from distal branches of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), with further collateral supply from the anterior division of both internal iliac arteries. There was no filling of the uterine arteries distal to the coils. Embolization was performed with technical and clinical success. This case highlights the potential for recruitment of collateral vessels following coil embolization and is the first reported case of successful fibroid embolization from distal IMA branches.     

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome involving the duodenum and jejunum

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction involving the duodenum. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion with radiologic confirmation. We report an unusual presentation of the SMA syndrome involving both the duodenum and jejunum initially not recognized on contrast-enhanced CT. This case demonstrates the judicious use of multiple modalities in evaluating for this syndrome.     

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a basic military trainee

We present the case of a 19-year-old woman with feeding intolerance, due to superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, after weight loss experienced during basic military training. She had previous good health and presented with vomiting 8 weeks after starting military training. She had experienced a 16-pound (7 kg) weight loss during the course of training and was increasingly unable to tolerate meals, solids worse than liquids. Computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast revealed gastric and duodenal distention, with narrowing of the second portion of the duodenum at the SMA. A nasojejunal feeding tube was placed and she was given tube feedings. Weight increased and she eventually tolerated oral feedings. She completed military training and remains in good health. SMA syndrome is a rare cause of feeding intolerance, but can follow periods of acute weight loss, as is experienced by some basic military trainees.     

肠系膜上动脉分支栓塞的实验研究

目的　观察明胶海绵栓塞肠系膜上动脉 (SMA)分支后肠壁缺血改变程度 ,探讨最佳可栓塞动脉级别、最大可耐受栓塞范围以及栓塞剂颗粒的大小。方法　 2 0只犬随机分为 4组 ,采用 3F微导管以明胶海绵 (GEF)作为栓塞材料超选择栓塞肠系膜上动脉分支。A、B两组分别采用直径 5 0 0～ 1 0 0 0μm ,1mm× 2mm的GEF颗粒在SMA二级分支末梢段水平栓塞。C、D两组分别采用 1mm× 2mm的GEF颗粒在 2、3支毗邻的SMA二级分支末梢段水平栓塞。术后 2d处死动物 ,取栓塞动脉供血相应肠段及系膜 ,测量其长度 ,并行大体观察和病理学检查。结果　栓塞技术成功率 1 0 0 %。A组肠壁呈重度缺血坏死性改变。B组肠壁各层未见缺血性改变。C组肠壁各层呈现轻度缺血性改变。D组肠壁缺血呈移行改变。A、B两组栓塞范围的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,B组与C组、C组与D组间栓塞范围差异均有显著性。结论　GEF作为栓塞剂 ,其大小应控制在 1mm× 2mm左右 ,栓塞部位最好选择在末级动脉弓前一级分支末梢 ,最大栓塞范围为相互毗邻的 2支末级动脉弓前一级分支     

Acute mesenteric ischemia: angiographic spectrum

Fifty-six patients, selected by clinical criteria, underwent angiography for suspected acute mesenteric ischemia. Twenty-nine patients subsequently did not have mesenteric ischemia and had negative arteriograms. Twenty-seven patients had mesenteric ischemia: arterial thrombosis (three), arterial embolus (seven), venous thrombosis (five), vasculitis with thrombosis (one), and nonocclusive ischemia (11). Of these 27 patients, 12 (44%) received intraarterial vasodilator infusions. Overall, 13 (48%) of the 27 patients survived their hospitalization, including five (45%) of 11 with nonocclusive ischemia. This experience confirms that nonocclusive ischemia is the most common form of the disorder diagnosed by angiography. Most patients with mesenteric ischemia are candidates for intraarterial vasodilator therapy. Early angiography in patients with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia permits early diagnosis and differentiation between occlusive and nonocclusive types. Interventional infusion therapy may improve survival.     

子宫动脉造影解剖分析及对栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的指导意义

目的研究子宫肌瘤血管造影表现特点及其临床价值。方法75例患者,经临床症状,彩超和(或)CT检查确诊子宫肌瘤,其中黏膜下肌瘤9例,肌壁间肌瘤50例,浆膜下肌瘤16例;单发肌瘤21例,多发肌瘤54例。经右侧股动脉穿刺插管,导管分别插入双侧子宫动脉造影,观察内容包括：子宫动脉的起源及其分支、不同类型子宫肌瘤的血管造影表现,然后进行栓塞治疗。结果①大多数患者子宫动脉大部分发自髂内动脉的臀下动脉阴部干,其次为髂内动脉主干和臀上动脉。②子宫肌瘤供血情况分为：a、一侧子宫动脉供血为主型。b、双侧子宫动脉均衡供血型。c、单纯一侧子宫动脉供血型。③卵巢支的栓塞几乎不可避免,其临床后果仍存在争议。结论子宫动脉栓塞是治疗子宫肌瘤的一种安全有效的方法,熟悉子宫肌瘤的血管解剖对提高技术成功率、合理选用栓塞方法有重要意义。     

Superior mesenteric artery angioplasty with the TEGwire: usefulness and technical difficulties.

The TEGwire percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon on a guide wire was used successfully for dilation of a proximal superior mesenteric arterial stenosis that was not well suited to dilation by conventional angioplasty catheters. After the stenosis was dilated, however, the balloon deflated only partially due to a kink in the TEGwire as it coursed over the acute angle between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Several unsuccessful attempts to correct this problem were made; finally, the partially deflated balloon and the guide catheter had to be withdrawn. Although the TEGwire was used within the guidelines and recommendations of the product, this experience supports the manufacturer's recommendation that the TEGwire system should not be used with narrow-radius vascular curves such as that formed between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta.     

Coil compaction after embolization of the superior mesenteric artery pseudoaneurysm

A 58-year-old man with an abscess of the psoas muscle was returned to our hospital with hematemesis. Two years earlier, he had undergone coil embolization for a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) pseudoaneurysm secondary to pancreatitis. Based on the physical examination, serum amylase level, and abdominal radiographs, a diagnosis of acute exacerbation of pancreatitis and coil compaction of the SMA pseudoaneurysm was made. The patient underwent re-embolization for the coil compaction using interlocking detachable coils. His condition improved gradually, and he was discharged 3 weeks later. To our knowledge, this is the first report of coil compaction of SMA pseudoaneurysm.