卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛的关系及其封堵术后的临床疗效观察

目的:评估偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale, PFO)之间的关系,以及PFO封堵术治疗偏头痛的效果。方法:采用前瞻性病例研究方法,选取2012年1月至2015年5月就诊的PFO病人,收集病人的基本信息、完成头痛问卷、记录手术情况。根据是否行PFO封堵术将合并偏头痛的PFO病人分为手术组及对照组,根据病人是否伴有先兆将其中手术组分为先兆偏头痛组与无先兆偏头痛组两个亚组。结果:就诊的PFO病人共288例,根据纳入排除标准有55例病人入选,其中50例病人完成了6个月的随访。50例PFO中合并偏头痛病人23例,偏头痛发病率为23/50 (46%)。23例合并偏头痛的PFO病人,手术组17例,对照组6例。手术组中先兆偏头痛8例,无先兆偏头痛9例。手术组病人术后头痛频率、头痛持续时间、疼痛数字评分(numerical rating scale, NRS)、头痛影响评分(Headache Impact Test-6, HIT-6)均显著降低,手术前后对比差异有统计学意义(P <0.01);对照组头痛频率、头痛持续时间、NRS评分、HIT-6评分治疗前后差异无统计学意义;手术组与对照组相比两者性别、年龄、BMI、术前头痛频率、头痛持续时间、头痛NRS评分、HIT-6评分差异无统计学意义,术后两者的头痛频率及头痛持续时间差异无统计学意义,头痛评分及HIT-6评分差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。先兆组与无先兆组相比术前及术后头痛频率、头痛持续时间、NRS评分、HIT-6评分差异均无统计学意义。结论:①PFO病人中偏头痛发病率较高;②PFO封堵术后病人NRS评分、HIT-6评分明显降低;③偏头痛病人的头痛情况及手术治疗效果与病人是否存在先兆无关。     

卵圆孔未闭介入封堵预防隐源性脑卒中复发

目的 探究卵圆孔未闭(PFO)封堵治疗的安全性、有效性,进一步讨论介入封堵治疗PFO的临床意义。方法 选取2019年1-7月我院行PFO介入封堵术的PFO患者90例,术前所有患者均行经胸超声心动图右心声学造影（cTTE）及经食道超声心动图（TEE）证实为卵圆孔未闭并存在右向左分流。封堵成功即刻予床旁经胸超声心动图（TTE）,观察封堵器及分流情况。术后3个月,行cTTE及颅脑CT。结果 所有患者均成功置入封堵器,即刻经胸超声心动图证实封堵器位置正常,二、三尖瓣功能正常,未见残余分流,均未出现术中、术后并发症。术后随访3个月,58.9%患者头痛症状完全消失,34.4%患者头痛症状明显改善,发作频率较前明显减少,总的有效率为93.3%。术前27例一侧肢体麻木乏力患者中19例术后肢体麻木乏力症状完全消失,8例肢体麻木乏力症状虽未完全消失但较前不同程度缓解;术前8例恶心呕吐患者,术后症状完全消失。术后3个月复查经胸壁超声心动图右心声学造影示阳性率为5.6%（5/90）。术后3个月复查颅脑CT,提示本研究中90例患者均未发现新发梗死灶,再发脑卒中发生率为0%。结论 介入封堵治疗PFO可明显缓解患者临床症状,解除患者痛苦,减少分流量,降低脑卒中的再发风险,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,对PFO的治疗具有指导意义。     

氟桂利嗪联合介入封堵术治疗卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛的效果观察

目的 探讨氟桂利嗪联合介入封堵术治疗卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛的临床效果。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年3月南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院收治的150例卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛患者为研究对象。按照随机扔骰子法分为对照组和联合组,每组75例。对照组采用介入封堵术治疗,联合组采用氟桂利嗪联合介入封堵术治疗。比较两组患者术前、术后1个月、术后3个月,头痛缓解情况(头痛发作频率、头痛持续时间、疼痛程度[数字疼痛分级评分法(NRS)]、头痛影响测验(HIT)-6评分、脑血流动力学[双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、基底动脉(BA)平均血流速度]的水平变化。结果 术前,两组发作频率、持续时间、NRS评分比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月时,两组发作频率、持续时间、NRS评分较术前显著降低,且联合组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);术后3个月时,两组发作频率、持续时间、NRS评分较术后1个月时显著降低,且联合组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。术前,两组HIT-6比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月时,两组HIT-6评分较术前显著降低,且联合组显著低于对照组...     

偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭的关系及介入封堵术治疗效果分析

目的 探讨偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭的关系,分析介入封堵术在偏头痛合并卵圆孔未闭患者中的应用效果.方法 将138例偏头痛患者设为研究组,200名健康体检者设为对照组,比较两组卵圆孔未闭检出率,比较两组卵圆孔未闭检出者未闭卵圆孔直径及右向左分流分级.根据偏头痛合并卵圆孔未闭患者治疗方式不同分为联合组29例与药物组44例,联合组予以介入封堵术治疗,术后给予盐酸氟桂利嗪+阿司匹林治疗,药物组给予盐酸氟桂利嗪+阿司匹林治疗,观察1个月.治疗前后比较联合组与药物组发作频率、持续时间、头痛影响测评量表-6评分及脑血流动力学水平.结果 研究组卵圆孔未闭检出率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),研究组卵圆孔未闭检出者未闭卵圆孔直径显著大于对照组(P<0.01),右向左分流分级显著高于对照组(P<0.01).治疗后联合组与药物组头痛发作频率、持续时间、头痛影响测评量表-6评分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),联合组显著低于药物组(P<0.01).治疗后两组大脑中动脉、椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),联合组显著低于药物组(P<0.01).结论 偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭具有一定联系,且与卵圆孔未闭严重程度有关,对合并卵圆孔未闭的偏头痛患者行介入封堵术能在药物治疗的基础上进一步改善患者症状,降低脑血流速度.     

介入封堵术联合氟桂利嗪治疗卵圆孔未闭伴偏头痛临床疗效分析

目的 探讨介入封堵术联合氟桂利嗪治疗卵圆孔未闭伴偏头痛的临床疗效.方法 将134例卵圆孔未闭伴偏头痛患者按随机数字表法分为两组,每组67例.对照组予以介入封堵术治疗,观察组予以介入封堵术联合氟桂利嗪治疗,比较两组临床疗效,术前及术后1个月、3个月、6个月末偏头痛发作频率、持续时间、脑血流动力学指标和动静脉5-羟色胺水平...     

巨大动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压患者介入封堵的可行性和有效性研究

目的应用封堵器治疗巨大动脉导管未闭（PDA）伴重度肺动脉高压（SPH）患者,并评价其临床疗效。方法回顾性分析26例巨大PDA合并SPH患者,应用封堵器封堵PDA,观察封堵前及封堵后肺动脉压力改变,术后随访6个月。结果 23例封堵成功,PDA最窄处直径8－18.0 mm,平均（12.2±4.6）mm。术前肺动脉收缩压为（98.3±23.4）mmHg,平均压为（69.1±15.0）mmHg,封堵后30分钟测肺动脉收缩压为（44.6±10.6）mmHg,平均压为（28.9±7.3）mmHg,较封堵前显著降低（P〈0.01）,3例PDA伴SPH者术中试封堵证实为阻力性肺动脉高压而放弃干预。封堵后30分钟降主动脉造影示22例封堵完全,无残余分流,1例存在中量残余分流。术后24小时超声心动图示1例仍存在微量残余分流,1个月后所有患者均未见残余分流,术后未见溶血、封堵器脱落、移位并发症。结论应用封堵器治疗巨大PDA伴SPH的患者是一种可行的、有效的介入方法。     

房间隔缺损封堵术后并发症的外科治疗

目的探讨房间隔缺损封堵术后出现外科并发症的类型及原因,以减少房间隔缺损封堵术后外科并发症的发生。方法回顾分析2005年3月~2008年12月收治的房间隔缺损封堵术后发生需要外科治疗的并发症的临床病例。共计12例,其中房间隔缺损封堵术后残余分流6例;封堵器脱落4例;急性心脏压塞1例;二尖瓣关闭不全1例。结果全组病例经外科治疗后痊愈,无特殊并发症。结论房间隔缺损封堵术后可能出现的外科并发症包括房间隔缺损残余分流,封堵器磨损周围组织,封堵器脱落,二尖瓣关闭不全等。临床上,进行房间隔缺损封堵术时,应选择适当的手术适应症,以避免外科并发症的发生。     

单纯超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的临床研究

对比分析单纯超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术与经胸房间隔缺损封堵术的有效性和安全性。回顾分析2015年6月~2016年8月在郑州市儿童医院心脏外科住院并行超声引导经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的患儿26例(n=26),同期行超声引导经胸封堵术的患儿22例(n=22),记录比较两组患者一般情况、手术时间、住院时间、术后并发症等发生情况。经皮封堵组26例均封堵成功,2例患者在清醒状态下完成手术,手术时间(35.3±13.2)min,住院时间(3.7±1.0)d。术后早期出现少量残余分流2例,术后1个月随访消失。经胸封堵组21例均封堵成功,1例因残余分流2mm术中转外科修补术,手术时间(54.7±12.5)分钟,住院时间(6.4±0.8)天,术后出现各类并发症13例。两组患儿术后6个月内口服肠溶阿司匹林3mg/(kg.d)抗凝。经皮组和经胸组封堵器置入成功率分别为100.0%和97.6.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.58);手术时间分别为(35.3±13.2)min和(54.7±12.5)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.20);住院时间分别为(3.7±1.0)天和(6.4±0.8)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.20)。至随访结束两组患者均未发生外周血管损伤、心脏穿孔、封堵器移位、脱落等严重并发症。单纯超声心动图引导下经皮ASD介入封堵术是创伤更小、花费更少、更安全的治疗方法,值得在临床推广。     

房间隔缺损封堵术后并发症的外科治疗

目的探讨房间隔缺损封堵术后出现外科并发症的类型及原因,以减少房间隔缺损封堵术后外科并发症的发生。方法回顾分析2005年3月-2008年12月收治的房问隔缺损封堵术后发生需要外科治疗的并发症的临床病例。共计12例,其中房间隔缺损封堵术后残余分流6例;封堵器脱落4例;急性心脏压塞1例;二尖瓣关闭不全1例。结果全组病例经外科治疗后痊愈,无特殊并发症。结论房间隔缺损封堵术后可能出现的外科并发症包括房间隔缺损残余分流,封堵器磨损周围组织,封堵器脱落,二尖瓣关闭不全等。临床上,进行房间隔缺损封堵术时,应选择适当的手术适应症,以避免外科并发症的发生。     

超声心动图在外科修补术后室间隔残余漏介入封堵治疗中的应用

目的 探讨外科修补术后残余漏介入封堵治疗的超声心动图筛选适应证及价值.方法 应用HP 5500型彩色多普勒诊断仪检查13例拟行封堵术的残余漏患者,术前观测左右室侧残余漏口大小、漏口残端距主动脉瓣和三尖瓣的距离,术中经胸超声心动图监护引导,术后追踪随访.结果 残余漏部位、残余漏左右室侧大小心血管造影检查与超声心动图结果一致,残余漏距主动脉右瓣距离(2.1±1.6) mm(0～6.9 mm),距三尖瓣(2.3±1.8) mm (0～5.4 mm).所有患者均成功置入封堵器,2例封堵术后少量残余分流,1例于术后3个月消失;1例术后1个月仍有分流,现在随访观察中.结论 超声心动图在外科修补术后间隔残余漏介入封堵术前病例筛选、术中监护引导、术后随访有着其他检查不可替代的临床应用价值.     

超声心动图在卵圆孔未闭封堵中的应用及卵圆孔未闭分流方向的探讨

目的探讨超声心动图在卵圆孔未闭(PFO)治疗中的应用价值.方法 7例封堵治疗PFO患者,术前经胸(TTE)或经食管超声心动图(TEE)明确PFO诊断,术中TTE和X线引导监护,术后TTE随访;并对157例PFO分流方向进行统计分析.结果 7例PFO封堵患者右向左分流的确诊方法:TTE 1例,TEE 4例,TTE或TEE 右心声学造影各1例.术后TTE随访PFO分流消失.157例TTE诊断的PFO以左向右分流表现为主,少数右向左分流和双向分流者多伴其他心脏结构和功能改变.结论超声心动图在PFO封堵术中具有多方面重要作用.TEE及声学造影诊断PFO右向左分流的敏感性高于单纯TTE.常规TTE检查PFO多表现为左向右分流,而非理论定义的右向左分流.     

Migraineurs with patent foramen ovale have larger right-to-left shunt despite similar atrial septal characteristics

The objective of the study was to assess differences in proportion of large right-to-left shunt (RLS) and atrial septal characteristics between migraineurs and non-migraineurs referred for transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PF0). This retrospective study took place in a large metropolitan medical centre. The patients were migraineurs with aura (n=52), migraineurs without aura (n=19) and non-migraineurs (n=149). RLS was evaluated before closure using bilateral power m-mode transcranial Doppler at rest and after calibrated, sustained Valsalva manoeuvre, and graded with a validated 0–5 scale. Intracardiac echocardiography was used to assess atrial septal characteristics. Migraineurs had a higher proportion of large RLS (Grade IV or V) than nonmigraineurs at rest and after calibrated Valsalva (rest, p=0.04; Valsalva, p=0.01). Atrial septal characteristics were similar between groups. Migraine is associated with larger RLS at rest and strain; however migraine status does not predict PFO characteristics.     

Two-dimensional echocardiography using second harmonic imaging for the diagnosis of intracardiac right-to-left shunt: a meta-analysis of prospective studies

Right-to-left shunting (RLS), usually through a patent foramen ovale (PFO), has been associated with migraine, cryptogenic stroke and hypoxemia. With emerging observational studies and clinical trials on the subject of PFO, there is a need for accurate diagnosis of PFO in patients being considered for transcatheter closure. While transesophageal echo (TEE) bubble study is the current standard reference for diagnosing PFO, transthoracic echo with second harmonic imaging (TTE-HI) may be a preferable screening test for RLS due to its high accuracy and non-invasiveness. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the accuracy of TTE-HI compared to TEE as the reference. A systematic review of Medline, Cochrane and Embase was done for all the prospective studies assessing for intracardiac RLS using TTE-HI compared to TEE as the reference; both TTE-HI and TEE were performed with a contrast agent and a maneuver to provoke RLS in all studies. A total of 15 studies with 1995 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean sensitivity and specificity for TTE-HI were 91 and 93 % respectively. Likewise, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.52 and 0.13 respectively. TTE-HI is a reliable, non-invasive test with proficient diagnostic accuracies. The high sensitivity and specificity of TTE-HI make it a useful initial screening test for RLS. If the precise anatomy is required, then TEE can be obtained before scheduling a patient for transcatheter PFO closure.     

房间隔缺损经导管闭合术中超声心动图的监测价值

目的　探讨超声心动图在房间隔缺损（ASD）经导管闭合术中的监测作用。方法　经导管ASD闭合术患者20例,术前、术中、术后进行经胸或/和经食道超声心动图检查。结果　20例患者ASD均为单发继发孔型,超声测量房缺直径为22.3±8.1mm,术中伸展直径为25.2±8.1mm,选择Amplatzer封堵器型号10～36mm。术后即刻观察房缺完全闭合无残余分流者12例,少许残余分流者8例;5例6个月后残余分流消失,2例10个月后消失。结论　经导管ASD闭合术中超声心动图的应用对于封堵器型号的选择及术后疗效评价等均有较大的价值。     

成人动脉导管未闭介入治疗的疗效评价

目的评价成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)的介入治疗方法、疗效及其特殊性.方法全组18例,男4例,女14例,平均年龄33岁,最窄直径(5.0±2.27)mm,采用Amplatzer PDA封堵伞治疗.术后24h及3～51个月X线照片及彩色多普勒随访.结果技术成功率100%,即时造影显示6例无残余分流,12例有少量残余分流,24h复查17例无残余分流,1例少量分流,3～51个月随访情况同前.结论成人PDA的介入治疗是一种有效的非手术方法.     

偏头痛和隐源性脑卒中患者经食管超声心动图右心声学造影特征分析

目的：分析偏头痛和隐源性脑卒中患者经食管超声心动图右心声学造影(c-TEE)特征,探讨 c-TEE在不同疾病右向左分流类型评估中的作用。方法：选取2018年1月至2018年10月我院收治的疑诊右向左分流相关的偏头痛患者146例,隐源性脑卒中患者167例作为研究对象进行回顾性分析。所有入选患者均完成TEE、c-TEE检查,分析患者一般情况,并比较两组间TEE及c-TEE右向左分流阳性结果及c-TEE左房内微气泡来源、分流程度等特征。结果：偏头痛组女性居多,且年龄小于隐源性脑卒中患者(P均＜0.05)。TEE观察到隐源性脑卒中组PFO 患者82例,偏头痛组32例,均未发现肺静脉异常;c-TEE检查中偏头痛组肺相关右向左分流(P-RLS)66例,PFO相关右向左分流(PFO-RLS)80例;隐源性脑卒中组P-RLS 71例,PFO-RLS 96例,c-TEE在偏头痛组的PFO检出率明显高于TEE(P＜0.05),隐源性脑卒中组无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组间c-TEE检查不同类型右向左分流比例无统计学差异(P>0.05),但偏头痛组1级RLS(65/127,51%)显著高于隐源性卒中组(38/153,25%,P＜0.05),其中偏头痛患者的P-RLS和PFO-RLS均显著高于隐源性脑卒中患者( P均＜0.05);隐源性卒中组3级RLS比例 (51/153,33%)显著高于偏头痛组 (22/127,18%)(P＜0.05),其中隐源性脑卒中组PFO-RLS显著高于偏头痛组(P＜0.05)。结论： c-TEE可明确偏头痛和隐源性脑卒中患者右向左分流来源并进行半定量分析,为病因学诊断提供可靠的影像学依据。     

Migraine,patent foramen ovale and migraine triggers

Little information exists about a causal association between PFO and migraine. Some patients identify Valsalva-provoking activities (VPA) as migraine triggers. Therefore, we speculate about a pathogenic connection. The object of the study is to investigate the prevalence of right-to-left shunt (RLS) in a cohort of patients suffering migraine with aura (MA) and its possible association with migraine attacks triggered by VPA. We investigated the circumstances triggering the migraine attacks, in a consecutive series of 72 MA patients and in a series of migraine without aura age and gender-matched. The presence and extent of RLS was assessed by transcranial Doppler. Massive RLS appeared in 38.9% of MA and in 6.5% of migraine without aura (p<0.001). MA patients identified at least one VPA as headache trigger in 45.8%. A trend was found between these triggering activities and massive RLS, both in MAgroup OR 2.7 [1.02–7.17] and in all migraine patients OR 2.5 [1.01–6.11]. According to our results, patients with migraine who have larger RLS tend to recognize activities that increase the extent of the shunt as a trigger of their migraine attacks.     

心腔内超声心动图引导经导管关闭房间隔缺损9例报告

目的评价心腔内超声心动图(ICE)在指导房间隔缺损Amplatzer封堵术中的应用价值.方法 9例ASD患者,年龄2.5～56岁(11.0±17.1)岁,ASD大小分别于术前经胸超声心动图(TTE)和术中ICE测量,比较二者与术中测得的球囊ASD延长径的相关性.结果 ASD测值术前TTE(19.2±5.3) mm,与球囊测ASD延长径(23.2±4.5) mm相关系数r1＝0.92(P<0.05);ICE测值(21.0±4.9) mm,相关系数r2＝0.98(P=0.01).结论 ICE测值与球囊测ASD延长径相关性好,为导管介入性关闭ASD提供了另一新的有效的辅助手段.     

Clinical impact of patent foramen ovale diagnosis with transcranial Doppler.

The role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cryptogenic stroke is still debated, but from recent follow-up studies it seems that the amount of right-to-left shunt (RLS) and the association with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) are major determinants of stroke recurrence. PFO and RLS through the atrial chambers have been recently studied in a number of conditions not or marginally related to cerebrovascular disease. Historically the first studies addressed the presence of RLS in scuba divers as a possible abnormality related to decompression sickness (DS) of unknown aetiology. Despite initial debate there is now robust evidence to claim that patency of foramen ovale increases the risk of developing DS by two and half to four times. Patients with PFO-related DS tend to have early occurrence of symptoms after surfacing and a clinical presentation that indicates brain or upper cervical spinal cord involvement. Recent reports suggest that divers with hemodynamically significant RLS may have an increased risk of developing clinically asymptomatic multiple brain lesions. PFO has been found in patients suffering from migraine with aura with approximately the same frequency as that encountered in cryptogenic stroke patients. This finding has prompted speculations on the possible role of RLS in increasing the stroke risk in migraineurs and in the pathophysiology of the aura. Recent reports showing that migraine with aura is dramatically improved after transcatheter closure of PFO suggest that migraine with aura may indeed be triggered by humoral factors that reach the brain by escaping the pulmonary filter. A RLS is involved in a rare condition known as platypnea-orthodeoxia and perhaps underlies an increased risk of cerebral complications after major orthopedic surgery. Valsalva-like activities often precede the occurrence of attacks of transient global amnesia (TGA) and abnormalities consistent with hypoperfusion of deep limbic structures have been reported during a typical TGA episode. This had raised the hypothesis that TGA may be triggered by paradoxical embolism of platelets aggregates in the posterior circulation, but the search for an increased frequency of PFO in TGA patients has yielded conflicting results. Conditions that determine an increase in pulmonary pressure may facilitate the opening of the virtual interatrial valve and thus promoting shunting of blood to the left heart chambers which in turn might contribute to further desaturation of arterial blood. It is therefore not surprising that RLS has been found in 70% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and increased pulmonary pressure and in the same proportion of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, a condition that ultimately may result in pulmonary hypertension. In conclusion, from the evidence gathered so far the picture is emerging of an important role of PFO in a number of non-stroke conditions, either as causative factor or as associated condition predisposing to complications. The availability of simple diagnostic techniques such as transcranial Doppler (TCD) to assess RLS will undoubtedly contribute a great deal of knowledge on the relevance in medicine of this hitherto neglected condition.