Carcinoid Heart Disease: Eight-Year Survival Following Tricuspid Valve Replacement and Pulmonary Valvotomy

A 34-year-old man with carcinoid heart disease underwent tricuspid valve replacement and pulmonary valvotomy with enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract in October, 1972. He has no cardiac symptoms eight years after operation. Only four previous successful valve replacements in patients with this condition have been reported.     

风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病的外科治疗

报告１９９１年１月至１９９５年１１月期间１５例风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病病人瓣膜替换及冠脉桥术（ＣＡＢＧ）的体会。手术均在低温体外循环下进行。其中二尖瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例，主动脉瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例、双瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ３例，术后死亡３例，其余治愈出院，作者强调了术前明确诊断的重要性，并就冠脉搭桥、心肌保护、主动脉气囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）及药物的应用加以讨论。     

非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病同期手术治疗的临床分析

目的 总结非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病同期手术患者的临床特征和手术效果,以提高手术疗效. 方法 2000年1月至2007年6月同期手术治疗105例非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者,年龄36～79岁(61.96±7.61岁),其中风湿性心瓣膜疾病59例,退行性二尖瓣病变24例,老年性钙化性主动脉瓣病变13例;其它主动脉瓣病变9例.术前行冠状动脉造影明确诊断98例,术中探查发现冠心病7例.全组均行冠状动脉旁路移植术,共移植血管216支(2.06支/例),同期行二尖瓣置换术36例,二尖瓣成形术15例,主动脉瓣置换术43例,双瓣膜置换术11例. 结果 术后住院死亡6例(5.7%,6/105).死于严重低心排血量3例,肾功能衰竭2例,术后心脏骤停并发多器官功能衰竭1例.术后随访93例,随访时间1个月至7年,失访6例.无晚期死亡患者.心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级5例.1例患者活动后仍有心绞痛存在. 结论 非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者绝大多数无典型的心绞痛症状,50岁以上的患者必须行冠状动脉造影检查,对有冠心病易患因素者,应积极作冠状动脉造影检查;冠心病所致的心肌缺血可明显加重心脏瓣膜疾病所引起的心肌损害,术中心肌保护尤为重要;正确评价术前左心功能低下的患者是选择手术治疗的难点,更是影响手术效果的关键因素.     

Valve Surgery in Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital valve disease (CVD) occurs in isolated form or as part of complex malformations and presents distinct epidemiology, including: young age at onset; high prevalence of associated pathology; history of prior operations; critical clinical presentation. Therefore, multiple interventions are often needed, highlighting the palliative character of CVD surgery. At the same time, long‐term survival and satisfactory quality of life expectations must be satisfied in a young, active patient population. The present study analyzes the unique aspects of surgery for CVD by reviewing clinical experience with 565 consecutive patients operated during a 7‐year period. Treatment options and outcome are assessed with reference to the ability of respecting the unique demands of patients with CVD. In addition, future developments of CVD management are discussed.     

Surgical Management of Difficult Pacing Problems in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

The child with congenital heart disease requiring permanent pacing presents a unique challenge with regard to the decision to pace, hardware, route, and unusual problems. Considerations of patient size, anatomy, insertion during and after complex intracardiac procedures, location of hardware, and unusual approaches are discussed including: placement of endocardial leads at open operation, closed transatrial endocardial technique, periprosthetic valvular endocardial placement, trans left superior vena cava placement and retromammary position via the axillary approach. Consideration of these unusual techniques may avoid frustration due to the complexities of the placement of pacing systems in these young patients.     

Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient

When I left medical school 30 yr ago, the options for diagnosis,investigation, and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD)were very limited. Although CAD was a leading cause of mortalityand unless there were anginal symptoms, the chances of it beingdiagnosed before myocardial infarction (MI) were slim to naught.Unsurprisingly then, many patients who had undiagnosed CAD underwentanaesthesia and major surgery then suffered perioperative MIsthat were frequently fatal.     

先天性主动脉瓣二叶化畸形的外科治疗

目的　探讨先天性主动脉瓣二叶化畸形的诊断、适宜手术时机、围术期处理以及手术疗效。　方法　 60例患者被施行心瓣膜置换术 ,行主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术 5 6例 ,行自体心包瓣置换术 4例 ;同时行主动脉窦瘤破裂修补术 2例 ,胸主动脉瘤修补术 2例 ,动脉导管未闭缝扎术 3例 ,室间隔缺损修补术 5例 ,冠状动脉旁路移植术 3例。其中伴感染性心内膜炎 2 5例。　结果　术后早期死亡 5例 ,死亡率为 8.3 %。随访 4 9例 ,平均随访时间 5 .4年 ,5年生存率为 84 .3 %。　结论　先天性主动脉瓣二叶化畸形以男性居多 ,左、右二叶型较前、后型常见 ,可致主动脉瓣关闭不全和 /或狭窄 ,以关闭不全多见 ( 75 % )。出现充血性心力衰竭、心绞痛、晕厥、感染性心内膜炎时应尽早行手术治疗 ,症状不明显的患者应定期复查超声心动图 ,主动脉瓣置换术是常用的手术方法。     

Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valve Dysfunction in Congenital Heart Disease

BackgroundWe aim to identify the incidence and timing of dysfunction and failure of stented bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position in congenital heart disease patients.MethodsA total of 482 congenital heart disease patients underwent 484 stented bioprosthetic pulmonary valve implantations between 2008 and 2018. There were 164 porcine valves (Porcine) and 320 bovine pericardial valves (Pericardial) implanted. Primary endpoints were survival, valve dysfunction, and valve failure.ResultsPericardial valves were implanted in older patients (22.0, interquartile range [IQR] 14-33 vs 16.0, IQR 11-23 years, P < 0.001). Five-year survival (96.7% vs 97.9%) for the Pericardial and Porcine groups, respectively, were similar, P > 0.05. Forty-six (34%) Porcine and 75 (27%) Pericardial group patients met criteria for valve dysfunction at a median echocardiographic follow-up time of 7.43 years (IQR 4.1-9.5 years) and 3.26 years (IQR 1.7-4.7 years), respectively. More Pericardial group patients suffered from at least mild late PR while late median peak gradient was higher in the Porcine group, P < .001 for both. Risk factors for valve dysfunction included decreasing patient age for the entire cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.04, P = .015) and lack of anticoagulation at discharge for the Porcine group (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.03-9.10, P = .044) but not the Pericardial group. Five-year cumulative incidence of dysfunction was 39% for the Pericardial group and 17% for the Porcine group.ConclusionsPorcine stented and bovine pericardial stented valves can be implanted in the pulmonary position in all age groups safely. However, despite similar rates of valve failure, bovine pericardial stented valves have a higher incidence of valve dysfunction at mid-term follow-up.