2型糖尿病高危人群的早期筛查分析

[目的]探讨正常糖耐量(NGT)伴胰岛素抵抗(IR)人群中2型糖尿病高危人群的判别方法.[方法]对204例NGT受试者进行(6.01±0.35)年的随访研究,以随访时是否发展为前驱糖尿病和或2型糖尿病为标准,分析基线时受试者空腹胰岛素(Fins)、胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCins)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、稳态模型胰岛β细胞分泌(HOMA-β)及胰岛素早期分泌指数(ΔI30/ΔG30)等指标的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积,选择最大ROC曲线下面积为指标,以该指标约登指数最大分值为最佳诊断临界值,根据其将基线时204例NGT受试者分为高危组和低危组,比较两组基线时IR情况及随访时前驱糖尿病和或2型糖尿病的发病率.[结果]Fins,AUCins,HOMA-IR,HOMA-β和ΔI30/ΔG30等指标的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.805,0.848,0.825,0.632和0.753,以AUCins的ROC曲线下面积为最大,其最佳诊断临界值为108.43 mU/L.与低危组比较,高危组前驱糖尿病或2型糖尿病发病率显著增高(29.41%,2.21%,P<0.001),Fins,AUCins,HOMA-IR等指标亦均显著增高(P<0.001).[结论]2型糖尿病高危人群也存在于NGT受试者中.以AUCins≥108.43 mU/L为诊断临界值可初步筛查2型糖尿病的高危人群.     

2型糖尿病家系一级亲属的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能研究

目的评估2型糖尿病家系一级亲属不同糖耐量状态下的胰岛素抵抗状况和胰岛β细胞功能。方法 440名2型糖尿病家系一级亲属分为2型糖尿病组(T2DM组,n=144)、糖调节受损组(IGR组,n=139)和糖耐量正常组(NGT组,n=157),另选取121名无糖尿病家族史、血糖异常史和妊娠糖尿病病史的糖耐量正常者作为正常对照组(NC组)。所有受试者进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验,以稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素作用指数(IA I)评估胰岛素敏感性,以基础胰岛素分泌功能指数(HOMA-β)、早期胰岛素分泌功能指数(ΔI30/ΔG30)、修正的胰岛β细胞功能指数(MBCI)和葡萄糖处置指数(D I)评估胰岛β细胞功能。结果与NGT组和NC组比较,T2DM组和IGR组的IAI明显降低,HOMA-IR显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM组的HOMA-IR也显著高于IGR组(P<0.05);NGT组与NC组的HOMA-IR和IAI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胰岛β细胞功能指标比较结果显示:各项指标均为NC组>NGT组>IGR组>T2DM组,除NGT组的HOMA-β...     

糖耐量减低人群胰岛素抵抗、胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素敏感指数的观察

目的 探讨糖耐量减低人群胰岛素抵抗指教、胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素敏感指数的改变。方法 测定糖耐量正常人群、糖耐量减低人群、2型糖尿病患者(新发病例)葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素，以及血脂(Tc、TC、HDL)，同时记录血压、身高、体重等临床资料。用稳态模型(Homa Model)公式评估胰岛素抵抗(IR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HBCI)，IAI作为胰岛素敏感指数。结果 IGT、DM两组IR高于NGT组，P＜0．05；IGT、DM两组IAI、HBCI明显低于NGT组，P＜0．05。葡萄糖刺激后，NGT人群胰岛素分泌在1小时达到高峰，IGT、DM人群胰岛素达到高峰的时间为餐后2小时，IGT和DM组胰岛素延迟释放。结论 胰岛素抵抗从NGT、IGT、DM顺序有逐渐增加的趋势，胰岛β细胞分泌功能有逐渐恶化趋势，胰岛素敏感指数逐渐下降。与NGT比，IGT人群已有胰岛素抵抗、胰岛β细胞分泌功能受损和胰岛素敏感性下降。     

血清真胰岛素、胰岛素原检测在胰岛素抵抗中的应用

目的:探讨不同糖耐量人群血清真胰岛素(TI)、胰岛素原(PI)变化的特点及其在评价胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素抵抗(IR)方面的应用。方法:按空腹血糖与口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果分为糖耐量正常组(NGT)、糖耐量减低组(IGT)及2型糖尿病组(T2DM)各60例,各组应用放射免疫分析(RIA)法分别测定空腹免疫反应性胰岛素(IRI)、TI、PI。采用稳态模式评估法(Homa)计算胰岛β细胞功能指数(Homa-β)和胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa-IR),并进行分析。结果:空腹IRI和TI的变化为IRI值在DM组和IGT组低于NGT组(P<0.05);TI值DM组IGT组>NGT组(P<0.05)。TI/IRI的比值DM组IGT组>NGT组。结论:血清IRI和TI水平均可用于计算胰岛素抵抗,TI/IRI比值是反映β细胞功能的良好指标,特别是临床判断T2DM患者的病情发展和指导药物治疗有重要的临床意义。     

不同糖耐量人群中胰岛素原、真胰岛素与胰岛β细胞功能的相关性研究

目的探讨不同糖耐量人群中真胰岛素(TI)、胰岛素原(PI)与胰岛β细胞功能变化的临床意义。方法检测正常对照组(NGT)、糖耐量减退(IGT)组,糖尿病(DM)组各60例的空腹及2h血糖、免疫反应性胰岛素(IRI)、胰岛素原(PI)及真胰岛素(TI),采用稳态模型(HOMA Model)评估法计算胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果 DM组的空腹PI水平、PI/IRI高于NGT组及IGT组,同时其TI/IRI低于NGT组及IGT组,且PI/IRI及TI/IRI在各组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。β细胞功能指数由IRI计算HOMA-βIRI,在DM组低于IGT组和NGT组(P<0.05);由TI计算的HOMA-βTI值,DM组和IGT组低于NGT组(P<0.05)。胰岛素抵抗指数无论是用IRI还是用TI计算的HOMA-IR均显示DM组>IGT组>NGT组(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者测定PI、TI水平可能较IRI更能反映胰岛β细胞水平和功能状况。     

空腹血糖受损者的胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的:探讨空腹血糖受损(IFG)胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的状况。方法:在常规健康检查及.初次门诊者,常规体检发现有超重、高血压、高血脂、高尿酸血症或有糖尿病家族史者,进行筛查。检出IFG68人,选取正常糖耐量(NGT)的健康对照组82人。测量身高、体重、血压、血糖、血浆胰岛素。评价胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的状况。结果:IFG年龄、体重指数、血压、血糖(空腹及餐后)明显高于NGT(P<0.05),血浆胰岛素空腹及餐后半小时与NGT比较P>0.05,餐后2小时高于NGT(P<0.01),HOMA-IR明显增高(P<0.01),HBCI明显低于NGT(P<0.01)。结论:IFG胰岛素分泌早期时相存在,存在胰岛素抵抗。     

妊娠糖尿病胰岛素抵抗影响因素的研究

目的:比较妊娠糖尿病患者与正常糖耐量妊娠孕妇胰岛素抵抗、胰岛β细胞功能,探讨胰岛素抵抗的影响因素。方法:通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果分为妊娠糖尿病组(GDM组)30例及正常糖耐量组(NGT组)30例,比较两组孕妇的一般资料、OGTT实验前、实验后0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h的血糖和胰岛素值,采用稳态模式胰岛β细胞分泌指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素早相分泌指数(ΔI30/ΔG30)、OGTT胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCI)、OGTT葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUCG)、稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及混合胰岛素敏感度(ISIcomp)评价胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗程度,并与两组孕妇的一般资料作相关性分析。结果:(1)与NGT组组相比,GDM组年龄较大,孕前体重、葡萄糖负荷试验(GCT)时体重、孕前体重指数(BMI)及GCT时BMI、甘油三酯(TG)较高(P<0.05或0.01);(2)GDM组孕妇各时点血糖值均高于NGT组(P<0.01);GDM组孕妇除OGTT0.5 h外各时点胰岛素水平GDM组均高于NGT组(P<0.01);GDM组孕妇的血糖峰值、胰岛素峰值较对照组推迟0.5 h,于OGTT 1 h达高峰;(3)与NGT组比较,GDM组△I30/△G30下降,OGTT AUCG及AUGI增高,HOMEIR增高,ISIcomp降低(P<0.01);(4)△I30/△G30与TG、年龄高度负相关(r=-0.319,-0.358,P<0.01),HOMA-IR与TG(β=0.295,P<0.05)、孕前BMI(β=0.327,P<0.05)、C反应蛋白(CRP)(β=0.225,P<0.05)独立正相关,ISIcomp与孕前BMI(β=-0.267,P<0.05)、TG(β=-0.319,P<0.05)独立负相关。结论:GDM孕妇胰岛素抵抗增加,早相胰岛素分泌功能受损,糖脂代谢紊乱、慢性胰岛素抵抗以及炎性反应可能与GDM的发生有关。     

口服葡萄糖-胰岛素释放试验者β细胞功能及胰岛素敏感性分析

目的 观察145例口服葡萄糖-胰岛素释放试验(OGIRT)受试者的β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性.方法 分析145例受试者OGIRT结果,比较正常糖耐量组(NGT组)、葡萄糖调节异常组(IGR组)、2型糖尿病组(T2DM组)受试者的胰岛β细胞功能[采用胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30)和Homa胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)评价]及胰岛素敏感性[采用Homa胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素敏感指数(IAI)评价].结果 NGT组、IGR组、T2DM组FPG水平依次升高,ΔI30/ΔG30依次降低,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01＝.IGR组FINS显著高于NGT组(P<0.05＝.NGT组、IGR组的HOMA-β显著高于T2DM组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01＝;IGR组、T2DM组的HOMA-IR显著高于NGT组,IAI显著低于NGT组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01＝.结论 从NGT到IGR,胰岛素敏感性显著下降;从IGR到T2DM,胰岛β细胞功能显著受损.     

妊娠期糖尿病与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能关系的研究

目的　探讨妊娠期糖尿病与胰岛素抵抗 (IR)和胰岛 β细胞功能的关系。 方法　采用稳态模型评估法 (HOMA)评估正常糖耐量孕妇 (NGT)、妊娠糖耐量低减孕妇 (GIGT)和妊娠期糖尿病孕妇 (GDM)的胰岛素抵抗指数 (HOMA -IR)和胰岛 β细胞功能指数 (HBCI)。 结果　①GDM组空腹血糖 (FBG)显著高于NGT组和GIGT组 (P <0 0 1) ;GDM组空腹胰岛素 (FINS)显著高于GIGT组和NGT组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;②NGT组、GIGT组和GDM组HOMA-IR分别为 0 4 2± 0 10 ,0 5 1± 0 2 5和 0 6 2± 0 2 9,3组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;HOMA -IR与FBG和FINS显著正相关 (r=0 5 88,P <0 0 0 1;r=0 784 ,P <0 0 0 1) ;③GDM组、GIGT组和NGT组的HBCI比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　与正常孕妇相比 ,GDM和GIGT患者存在更为明显的胰岛素抵抗 ;而GDM和GIGT患者的胰岛 β细胞功能无明显减退。     

早期营养不良对成年后大鼠胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的探讨早期营养不良对大鼠成年后胰岛β细胞功能的影响. 方法从妊娠晚期至哺乳期给予母鼠半量饲料,造成子鼠早期营养不良.对成年后营养不良和正常对照子鼠分别行腹腔内注射葡萄糖耐量试验和高糖钳夹试验. 结果与正常大鼠比较,早期营养不良组大鼠腹腔内注射葡萄糖后血糖曲线下面积(AUCg)和胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCi)升高(P<0.05),但AUCi/AUCg比值降低(P=0.01).高糖钳夹试验显示早期营养不良大鼠稳态胰岛素浓度下降(P=0.02).结论早期营养不良可导致大鼠成年后胰岛β细胞功能障碍.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.