颅中窝-乳突联合进路面神经减压术

目的探讨颅中窝-乳突联合进路面神经减压手术适应症、手术方法效果。方法对2000年1月—2007年4月收治的5例外伤性面瘫（House-Brackmann分级Ⅳ-Ⅴ级）患者行颅中窝-乳突联合进路面神经减压术。结果5例行颞骨高分辨CT扫描均显示颞骨骨折,3例显示颅中窝底突起的骨碎片,流泪试验均为阳性。术后随访1-2年,2例面瘫Ⅳ级、2例面瘫Ⅴ级患者完全恢复,1例面瘫Ⅴ级患者恢复至Ⅲ级。结论根据颞骨高分辨CT扫描和流泪试验判断面神经损伤的部位以选择手术进路,颅中窝-乳突联合进路适于面神经全程减压术。     

外伤性面瘫的手术治疗

目的探讨外伤性面瘫不同病损部位的手术方法.方法对17例手术病人进行疗效分析.结果17例中10例达Ⅰ级恢复;4例达Ⅱ级恢复;3例达Ⅲ级恢复.结论绝大多数颞骨外伤性面瘫患者经乳突、上鼓室径路面神经减压术均能取得良好效果,只有少数患者需行颅中窝径路或联合径路面神经减压术.     

面神经减压治疗周围性面瘫32例临床分析

目的：探讨面神经减压治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效。方法：对32例不同原因所致周围性面瘫患者行CT扫描,根据扫描结果行不同进路的面神经减压手术,术后随访0．5～2年,按H-B分级法评判面神经功能恢复程度。结果：32例中17例颞骨骨折面瘫（V级2例,Ⅵ级15例）,伤后2周内手术者13例,术后面神经功能恢复H-B Ⅰ～Ⅱ级11例,达84．6％;伤后3周手术者3例,恢复Ⅱ级2例、Ⅲ级1例;伤后8周手术者1例,仅Ⅳ级恢复。2例医源性面瘫（Ⅵ级）患者,分别在伤后2周和3周手术并为Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级恢复。13例中耳乳突病变者均在1周内手术,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级恢复者分别为8、2、3例。结论：选择合适的术式及时机,绝大多数外伤性或中耳胆脂瘤等所致周围性面瘫患者经面神经减压术均能取得良好效果,外伤性面瘫手术尽量在伤后2周内进行。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎并发面瘫的术式选择

目的 :探讨手术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎并发面瘫的合理术式。方法 :对胆脂瘤型中耳炎并发周围性面瘫 35例行面神经减压 ,其中 32例行开放式乳突手术 ,3例行闭合式手术。结果 :行开放式乳突手术面神经减压者House BrackmannⅠ～Ⅱ级恢复 2 4例 ,Ⅲ～Ⅴ级恢复 8例 ;行闭合式手术者 ,面神经功能恢复较缓慢 ,2例Ⅱ级恢复 ,1例术后 8个月出现联带运动。结论 :尽早选用开放式乳突手术径路行颞骨内面神经减压 ,是治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎合并面瘫的有效方法。     

手术治疗周围性面瘫51例

目的：探讨周围性面瘫的治疗方法及影响其疗效的因素。方法：回顾性分析51例面神经麻痹患者住院治疗的临床资料。结果：随访42例。36例行面神经减压术,22例恢复至H—BⅠ～Ⅱ级;4例行面神经吻合术,2例恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,2例面神经移植术,均恢复至〉Ⅲ级。病程3个月以内与3个月以上组手术的疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：及时精确地施行手术是治疗周围性面瘫的有效方法。     

经乳突面神经减压术治疗贝尔氏面瘫

目的探讨经乳突面神经减压治疗贝尔氏面瘫的手术适应症、手术方式、手术时机及疗效。方法回顾性分析33例经乳突面神经减压手术治疗的贝尔氏面瘫病例,比较分析手术时机、减压部位对术后面神经功能恢复的影响。结果经乳突面神经次全程减压手术有效率为77.3%,恢复至H-BⅠ、Ⅱ级的占总数的54.5%。其中发病3个月内接受减压的病人术后恢复至Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级所占比例62.5%(10/16),2个月内接受减压手术的10例病人中7例恢复至H-BⅠ、Ⅱ级,占总数70%。恢复至H-BⅢ级的3例,占总数30%,无Ⅳ级或更差病例。结论对面神经变性超过90%的发病3个月内的贝尔氏面瘫患者行面神经次全程减压手术治疗可有效降低患者预后至Ⅲ级或更差的几率。     

面神经瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨面神经瘤的临床表现、早期诊断和治疗,为面神经瘤的早期诊断和治疗提供临床经验。方法采用回顾性方法,对6例面神经瘤的诊断和治疗过程进行分析。面神经瘤的手术入路为,颅中窝—乳突径路1例,乳突径路4例,乳突腮腺联合径路1例。3例面神经瘤切除后同期进行耳大神经移植。结果面神经瘤完全切除6例,术后随访一年,6例均无复发,病理检查面神经鞘膜瘤5例,面神经纤维瘤1例。面神经功能恢复House-Brackmann评级:Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级2例,Ⅵ级1例。结论虽然面神经瘤的发生率低,但是只要了解其临床特点,加以重视并借助影像学手段,可以早期诊断,早期治疗,提高疗效。对于面神经瘤的治疗根据不同情况可考虑不同径路摘除肿瘤并行面神经重建手术。     

面神经减压治疗周围性面瘫32例临床分析

目的探讨不同原因的周围性面瘫手术时机及临床疗效。方法对32例不同原因所致周围性面瘫病人行CT扫描,根据CT扫描结果行不同进路的面神经减压手术,术后随访半年至2年,按House-Brackmann分级法(H-B分级法)评判面神经功能恢复程度。结果32例中17例颞骨骨折面瘫(Ⅴ级2例,Ⅵ级15例),据面肌电图动态观察,伤后2周内手术者13例,术后随访0.5～2.0年,面神经功能恢复至H-BⅠ～Ⅱ级11例,达84.6%;伤后3周手术3例,恢复至Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例;伤后8周手术1例,仅恢复至Ⅵ。医源性面瘫(Ⅵ级)患者2例,分别在伤后2周和3周手术并恢复至Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级。13例中耳乳突病变者均在1周内手术,恢复至Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的分别为8、2、3例。结论面神经减压术治疗颞骨骨折及中耳乳突胆脂瘤致周围性面瘫是有效的,且应根据面神经电图动态观察,采取积极的治疗措施。     

中耳乳突面神经损伤的处理及治疗效果分析

目的探讨中耳乳突手术导致医源性面瘫的危险因素、处理方式及治疗效果。方法对10例中耳乳突手术所致医源性面瘫病人进行手术探查和相应处理,术前、后按House-Brackmann分级标准对面神经功能进行评价。结果术中发现面神经损伤部位：鼓室段2例,鼓室段和锥段3例,鼓室段和乳突段3例,锥段和乳突段2例。术中进行面神经减压术6例,面神经-耳大神经移植术3例,面神经-舌下神经吻合术1例。手术前后按House-Brackmann法对面神经功能进行分级,并随诊观察9个月～12年。面神经减压6例病人中5例面神经功能恢复至Ⅱ级,1例恢复到Ⅲ级。面神经-耳大神经移植术的3例从Ⅵ级恢复到Ⅲ级。面神经-舌下神经吻合的1例从Ⅵ级恢复至Ⅲ级。结论面神经鼓室段是最容易损伤的部位。神经损伤时间长、面神经损伤程度重是面肌功能恢复不良的重要因素,应早期手术处理以使面神经功能早日恢复。     

面神经减压术治疗周围性面瘫15例临床分析

目的探讨不同面神经疾病致周围性面瘫行面神经减压手术的疗效。方法对9例外伤性面瘫、3例贝尔氏面瘫及3例中耳胆脂瘤所致的周围性面瘫,经乳突-颞下迷路上隐窝进路面神经显微减压手术,术后随访0.5²年,按面瘫H-B分级法评估面神经功能恢复程度。结果 9例颞骨骨折面瘫(Ⅳ级2例,V级6例,Ⅵ级1例),伤后22年,按面瘫H-B分级法评估面神经功能恢复程度。结果 9例颞骨骨折面瘫(Ⅳ级2例,V级6例,Ⅵ级1例),伤后2⁴周手术5例,术后面神经功能恢复I级4例,Ⅱ级1例;伤后54周手术5例,术后面神经功能恢复I级4例,Ⅱ级1例;伤后5⁸周手术3例,面神经功能恢复Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例;伤后98周手术3例,面神经功能恢复Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例;伤后9¹2周手术1例,恢复Ⅳ级。3例贝尔面瘫(Ⅳ级1例,V级2例),912周手术1例,恢复Ⅳ级。3例贝尔面瘫(Ⅳ级1例,V级2例),9¹2周手术2例,均Ⅱ级恢复,12周后手术1例,为Ⅲ级恢复;3例中耳胆脂瘤(Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ1例)在112周手术2例,均Ⅱ级恢复,12周后手术1例,为Ⅲ级恢复;3例中耳胆脂瘤(Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ1例)在1²周内手术,均I级恢复。结论对于不同原因所致周围性面瘫患者,选择合适的时机行面神经减压术,多能取得良好疗效。     

神经电生理监测下听神经瘤显微手术中面神经的保护

目的总结分析术中神经电生理监测结合显微手术操作技巧在听神经瘤手术中预防面神经损伤的作用。方法选取我科2011～2012年施行乙状窦后入路显微手术的大型及中型听神经瘤（肿瘤直径≥2.4 cm）患者62例,术中应用神经电生理监测技术对手术进行综合监护,同时密切留意骨性解剖、蛛网膜解剖、神经与血管解剖关系。术后随访6个月,评估肿瘤切除程度并根据House-Brack-mann面神经功能分级对患者面神经功能进行评估。结果肿瘤全切除58例（93.5%）,次全切除4例（6.5%）;无围手术期死亡患者。面神经功能评定：Ⅰ级57例（91.9%）,Ⅱ级5例（8.1%）。结论对于大型和中型听神经瘤患者,术中进行综合电生理监护,同时操作时注意典型的解剖位置与熟练的显微手术技术,可达到较高的肿瘤全切除率,并尽可能地保全面神经功能。     

颞骨岩部胆脂瘤术中面神经完整性监测与减压

目的：探讨颞骨岩部胆脂瘤术中面神经监测与减压的临床效果。方法：11例颞骨岩部胆脂瘤患者均伴有面瘫，经颅中窝-乳突联合进路行胆脂瘤切除术，其中8例鼓膜穿孔或中耳乳突感染者行乳突腔开放术式；3例岩尖并侵犯中耳乳突但鼓膜完整者行外耳道关闭术式。术中应用神经监护仪行面神经完整性监护，完成颞骨内面神经减压术。面神经功能评价参照House-Brackmann标准。结果：随访3～12个月，11例面神经功能逐渐恢复，1例面瘫恢复到基本正常，9例恢复到轻度，1例恢复到轻中度，均无胆脂瘤复发。结论：颅中窝-乳突联合进路切除颞骨岩部胆脂瘤同期行面神经减压术疗效满意，神经完整性监护有助于术中面神经定位和保护。     

Combined Subtemporal-Supralabyrinthine Approach to Geniculate Ganglion for Management of Facial Paralysis in Temporal Bone Fracture

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of facial never decompression via a combined subtemporal-supralabyrinthine approach to geniculate ganglion for management of facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture. Methods Eighteen patients with unilateral facial paresis due to temporal bone fracture were treated between March 2003 and March 2011. Facial function was House-Brackmann(HB) grade Ⅲ in 6 patients,HB gradeⅤ in 9 patients and HB grade Ⅵ in 3 patients. The preoperative mean air conduction threshold was 52 dB HL for the 15 cases with longitudinal temporal bone fracture and showed severe sensorineural hearing loss in the 3 cases with transverse temporal bone fracture. Fracture lines were detected in 15 cases on temporal bone axial CT scans and ossicular disruption was determined in 11 cases by virtual CT endoscopy. The geniculate ganglion or the tympanic mastoid segment of the facial nerve showed an irregular morphology on curved planar reformation images of the facial nerve canal. After an intact canal wall mastoido-epitympanectomy, the ossicular chain damage was evaluated. If the ossicular chain was intact, the supralabyrinthine recess was opened by drilling through the cells between the tegmen tympani and ossicular chain. If the ossicular chain was disrupted, the incus was removed to access the supralabyrinthine recess. The geniculate ganglion and the distal labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve were exposed. After completing facial nerve decompression, the dislocated incus was replaced, or a fractured incus was reshaped to bridge the space between the malleus and the stapes. Results Pronounced ganglion geniculatum swelling was found in 15 cases of longitudinal temporal bone fracture, with greater petrosus nerves damage in 3 cases and bleeding in 5 cases. Disrupted ossicular chains were seen in 11 cases, including dislocated incus resulting in crushing of the horizontal portion of the facial nerve in 3 cases and fracture of the incus long process in 1 case. In 3 cases of transverse fractures, dehiscence on the promontory, semicircular canal or oval window was found. All cases had primary healing with no complication. At follow-ups ranging from 0.5 to 3 years (average 1.2 years) , facial nerve function recovered to HB gradeⅠin 11 cases, Ⅱ in 5 cases and Ⅲ in 2 cases. Overall hearing recovery was 33 dB. Conclusion The clinical outcomes concerning facial nerve function and hearing recovery are satisfactory via a combined subtemporal-supralabyrinthine approach to the geniculate ganglion for facial nerve decompression in temporal bone fracture patients with facial paralysis.     

三例颈静脉孔脊索瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨颈静脉孔区脊索瘤早期诊断和手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析3例颈静脉孔区脊索瘤患者的临床资料,复习有关文献.3例患者均以面神经麻痹为首发症状,面肌变性>90%.采用颞下窝径路肿瘤切除术1例,岩枕径路肿瘤切除术2例.术中未行面神经修复1例,取游离耳大神经面神经桥接术1例,面-舌下神经吻合术1例.结果 3例患者均为肿瘤一次性全切除,经6个月至1年随访,均无复发,2例行面神经修复的患者面神经功能按House-Brackmann分级评估:1例Ⅲ级,1例Ⅳ级,均未出现其他并发症.结论 颈静脉孔脊索瘤临床表现复杂,影像学检查可以为早期诊断提供重要参考,确诊尚需术后病理检查.应根据病变部位及肿瘤大小选择手术径路.经典的颞下窝径路可充分暴露视野、达到肿瘤全切除的目的.     

颈静脉孔及其周围区域肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨颈静脉孔及其周围区域肿瘤的最大限度保存功能的手术方法和手术效果。方法回顾分析1999年3月-2005年5月间手术的32例颈静脉孔区肿瘤，根据术前肿瘤性质、大小、位置、听力功能、面神经功能以及后组脑神经功能，分别采用乳突与颈部联合进路（4例）、不移位面神经的颞下窝进路（9例）、移位面神经的颞下窝进路（11例）以及颞下窝进路联合耳蜗进路（8例），分析术后功能保存情况。术中均使用脑神经监护仪，术后均复查CT或MRI。结果32例颈静脉孔区肿瘤，其中副神经节瘤13例、神经鞘膜瘤10例、脑膜瘤2例、巨细胞瘤2例、软骨肉瘤1例、黏液软骨肉瘤1例、腺样囊性癌1例、胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤1例、胆固醇性肉芽肿1例，随访时间3～60个月。26例肿瘤全切，5例近全切除、1例次全切除。术后死亡2例。5例术后脑脊液漏，2例并发颅内感染，均经保守治疗痊愈；术后1周面神经功能（House—Brackmann分级）1～2级13例，3～4级12例，5～6级7例；术后3—60个月随访面神经功能1—2级23例，3—4级7例，5—6级2例；术后听力较术前改善4例、不变10例、减退11例，丧失7例；术后9例无后组脑神经症状，11例出现暂时性麻痹，12例出现永久性麻痹但1—3个月后10例代偿，2例未代偿。结论采用不同手术进路切除颈静脉孔区肿瘤可以达到肿瘤切除的同时最大限度保存功能，维持可接受的生活质量，手术技术及熟悉术后并发症的处理为重要因素。     

Central condylar displacement with brain abscess from chronic mandibular osteomyelitis

In this case report, we describe a unique long‐term complication from undiagnosed mandibular osteomyelitis. A 53‐year‐old female who underwent a dental extraction complicated by chronic postoperative odontogenic infection and cutaneous parotid fistula formation 2 years earlier presented with acute mental status change, gradual unilateral facial nerve palsy (House‐Brackmann score V), and nontraumatic dislocation of the condylar head into the middle cranial fossa. The patient's chronic mandibular osteomyelitis led to glenoid fossa erosion, middle cranial fossa penetration, and temporal lobe abscess formation. A combined middle cranial fossa approach through a burr hole placed in the squamous temporal bone near the zygomatic root and intraoral mandibular approach to ipsilateral condylar head was performed to complete partial mandibulectomy, including condylectomy. The patient was treated with 6 weeks of meropenem perioperatively. Four months after the surgery, the patient had complete resolution of skull base osteomyelitis, parotid fistula, and neurologic deficits and full recovery of facial nerve function (House‐Brackmann score of I)     

Facial nerve paralysis secondary to chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma.

Numerous papers have been written on facial nerve paralysis caused by chronic suppurative otitis media. However the authors found none documenting the results of therapy in a series of patients in whom facial nerve dysfunction was caused by chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma. Thus, there is little factual information available to help select a specific therapeutic plan for such cases. Over the past decade, the senior author has managed five cases (6 ears) of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma in which facial paresis (4 ears) or paralysis (2 ears) developed 10 days or less before surgery. The chronic otitis media involved the mastoid and middle ear in five cases; and the mastoid, middle ear, and petrous apex in one case. Modified radical mastoidectomy was performed in four ears, tympanomastoidectomy with facial recess exposure in one ear, and complete mastoidectomy with middle cranial fossa petrous apicectomy in one ear. Five patients had complete recovery of facial nerve function (House grade I), and one patient had 90 percent recovery (House grade II). The results provide support for semi-emergent surgery in the management of chronic suppurative otitis media when facial nerve paralysis supervenes.     

儿童乳突-颞下迷路外面神经减压术8例临床分析

目的 探讨儿童颞骨骨折性面神经麻痹经乳突-颞下迷路外径路面神经减压术的疗效.方法 8例颞骨骨折性面神经麻痹患者分别在病情出现的1个月内,行经乳突-颞下迷路外径路面神经减压术,部分同期行听骨链重建术,随访1～2年,评估听力及面神经功能(H-B)程度.结果 术前H-B Ⅴ级7例、Ⅳ级1例,术后恢复Ⅰ级5例、Ⅱ级3例;术前2...     

Cholesteatoma invasion into the internal auditory canal

Cholesteatoma invasion into the internal auditory canal (IAC) is rare and usually results in irreversible, complete hearing loss and facial paralysis on the affected side. This retrospective study examines the clinical characteristics of seven patients with cholesteatoma invading the IAC, analyzes possible routes of the cholesteatoma’s extension and describes the surgical approaches used and patient outcome. Extension to the IAC was via the supralabyrinthine route in most patients. A subtotal petrosectomy, a translabyrinthine approach or a middle cranial fossa approach combined with radical mastoidectomy were required for the complete removal of the cholesteatoma. All seven patients presented with some preoperative facial nerve palsy. The facial nerve was decompressed in four patients and facial nerve repair was performed in three others, two by hypoglossal-facial anastomosis and one by a greater auricular nerve interposition grafting. All patients ended up with total deafness in the operate ear. At 1 year following surgery, the facial nerve function was House–Brackmann grade III in six cases and grade II in one. In conclusion, cholesteatoma invading the IAC is a separate entity with characteristic clinical presentations, require a unique surgical approach, and result in significant morbidity, such as total deafness in the operated ear and impaired facial movement.     

面神经减压术治疗颞骨外伤性面瘫的临床分析

目的探讨颞骨外伤性面瘫的处理。方法回顾性分析1989年9月～2000年4月间28例因颞骨外伤致面瘫而行面神经减压手术的病例资料,以House-Brackmann（H-B）分级法作为疗效评估标准,统计学方法采用U检验。结果随访26例发现手术减压后所有病例面神经功能均有不同程度恢复,46%恢复至H-BⅡ级以上,84%恢复至Ⅲ级以上;在伤后4个月内和受伤4个月后行减压手术者,功能恢复至H-BⅡ级以上分别为60%和0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颞骨外伤后面瘫病例,手术减压是一种有效的治疗手段;手术应尽早实施,外伤后4个月内手术面神经功能恢复较好。