拉萨市学龄儿童的龋病调查

目的 :了解拉萨市学龄儿童龋病发病情况 ,为儿童龋病预防提供依据。方法 :采用视诊、探诊等方法 ,对拉萨市 85 5 9名在校学生龋病发生情况进行调查。结果 :患龋病小学生 5 2 84名 (6 1 34% ) ,平均每人患龋齿达 3 39个 ,以8岁～ 9岁组龋病发生率最高 ,以乳磨牙最为多见 ;移居者较世居者患龋率为高 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :拉萨市为龋患高发区之一 ,应加强口腔卫生知识宣传 ,切实做好龋病预防     

福州地区军队离退休干部口腔健康状况调查

目的：了解福州地区军队离退休干部口腔健康状况，以及口腔常见病的发病情况，加强对老年人口腔疾病的预防与治疗。方法：依据《我国龋病、牙周疾病调查标准》，采用世界卫生组织口腔健康调查表，由专科医生对福州地区8个干休所的693名离退休干部进行牙体、牙周及牙列缺损情况的调查。结果：693名受检者中，口腔卫生情况中等以上者506人(73．0％)，较差者187人(27．0％)；牙龈炎的发病率与口腔卫生及每日刷牙次数有明显关系；患龋535例，总患龋率72．1％，人均龋齿3．69个；牙周病患病率为72．4％；缺牙率68．8％，其中全口牙缺失59例，总义齿修复率76．7％。结论：老年人口腔健康状况较差，应广泛宣传口腔保健知识，做好老年人口腔疾病的防治工作。     

陕西省5岁儿童龋病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的了解陕西省5岁儿童口腔健康状况，监测龋病的患病趋势，为儿童龋病防治提供科学依据。方法按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求，对陕西省城乡6个地区的786名5岁儿童进行了口腔健康状况调查。采用SPSS13．0软件包对数据进行分析。结果5岁儿童的患龋率和龋均分别为58．78％和2．23。农村和城市地区的患龋率分别为59．42％和58．06％。患龋率在农村和城市、男性和女性之间的差异经统计学检验均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。5岁儿童有96．9％的龋齿未经治疗。结论陕西省学龄前儿童的口腔健康状况不容忽视，应采取各种有效预防措施，控制龋病的发生。提高充填率，改善口腔健康状况。     

改良肌激动器矫治儿童偏

改良肌激动器即是功能矫治器与活动矫治器联合使用—在肌激动器上加用额外辅簧来调整个别牙的位置。改良肌激动器的适应证为７～１２岁儿童息止牙合位时中线下，正中牙合时中线歪的功能性中线偏斜。１　改良肌激动器的制作１１　常规取正畸模１２　咬牙合重建　先观察息止牙合位时的上下中线关系，然后嘱患者慢慢咬至习惯牙合位，观察中线变化，建立咬牙合时遵循息止牙合位的中线关系，设计好下颌的新位置。用口内取牙合牙合蜡的方法确定和记录该新位置，将合蜡记录在工作模上核对后，转移至牙合架上从而保证矫治器制作准确。１３　对…     

高原地区蒙古族儿童龋病流行病学调查

目的:了解高原地区蒙古族小学儿童龋病患病率状况,为龋病防治提供理论依据。方法:按照世界卫生组织标准,对青海省河南蒙古族自治县小学的1562名(6～14)岁学龄儿童进行龋病检查,对患龋率和龋均等指标进行调查,并作统计学处理分析。结果:学龄儿童患龋率和龋均分别为23.11%和3.88;随着年龄增长,患龋率、龋均逐渐增加,各年龄组之间有显著性差别(P<0.01)。结论:高原地区蒙古族学龄儿童患龋率较报道明显增加,充填治疗率为零,应加强对儿童龋病的早期防治。     

青少年上颌前牙错位畸形的矫治

我院对 12 0例恒前牙早期反牙合伴牙列拥挤 ,近远中转位 ,唇、腭向错位等畸形 ,采用上颌垫式活动矫正器 ,收效满意 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料　本组 12 0例 ,男 48例 ,女 72例。年龄 ,14～ 18岁 94例 ,19～ 2 4岁 2 6例 ,按毛氏分类[1～ 3] ,Ⅰ1 Ⅱ371例 ,Ⅰ2 Ⅴ 41例 ,Ⅱ4 Ⅳ 8例。1 2　矫正器设计　在普通托式活动矫正器基础上 ,若反牙合伴牙列拥挤者 ,差距在 2 6ｍｍ以内 ,多采用上颌垫扩弓反牙合矫正器 ,高度打开咬合基托正中放分裂簧 ,反牙合牙腭侧置双曲舌簧。 3| 3唇侧错位者 ,拥挤差距量在 10ｍｍ以上者 ,多采用…     

改良Nance弓配合上颌前方牵引矫治骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]的效果

目的探讨改良Nance弓前方牵引矫治器对替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]的矫治效果。方法选择21例替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患儿,应用改良Nance弓前方牵引矫治器进行治疗,通过其X线头颅侧位片和石膏模型进行测量,比较治疗前后软硬组织的变化及PAR指数评价。结果SNA、ANB、NA—PA、Ptm-A、ANS—Ptm、Wits值均增大,A点前移2．15mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PAR指数评价,治疗后加权PAR减少百分率为86．67％,治疗后覆盖、覆袷、后牙咬合改善程度较大,所有患儿前牙反袷解除,但牙齿排列及中线改善程度不明显。6～7岁组平均疗程5．4个月,8～10岁组平均疗程8．9个月。结论应用改良Nacne弓前方牵引治疗替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]十分有效,有利于Ⅲ类骨骼的调整。较小年龄组对矫治力更加敏感,平均疗程较短。但还需固定矫治器进一步调整后牙咬合、牙齿排列及中线问题。     

伢典去腐与传统去腐治疗乳牙袷面龋的疗效比较

目的通过伢典（Carisolv）化学机械去腐与传统牙钻去腐治疗乳牙猞面龋的疗效比较,探讨儿童对Carisolv化学机械去腐技术的接受程度及更容易为儿童接受的牙体牙髓治疗的方法。方法门诊就诊的3～9岁儿童为实验对象,选择112例232颗骀面中龋至深龋,无牙髓炎症状的乳磨牙,Carisolv化学机械去腐法的126例,传统球钻磨除法的为106例,对术中患儿的疼痛程度及治疗中意外穿髓率进行评估。结果Carisolv组术中患牙疼痛程度Ⅰ级（感觉无明显疼痛）、Ⅱ级（感觉轻微疼痛）的占96．03％,车针组占59．43％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Carisolv组意外穿髓率为1．4％,车针组意外穿髓率为28．57％,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论Carisolv化学机械去腐技术用于乳牙龋病治疗时无痛率高、相对更安全、无噪音,更容易被患儿接受,值得在临床应用中推广。     

中国国际航空公司空中乘务员龋病情况的调查分析

目的对中国国际航空公司１６０９名空中乘务员口腔科的龋齿、补牙情况进行调查,旨在预防和控制空中乘务员中龋病的发生与发展。方法分别对不同性别、不同年龄组进行统计分析,检查项目包括龋坏、缺失、充填、烤瓷冠修复等。结果①空中乘务员半数以上（５３．５２％）者均有不同程度龋齿补牙情况;②１９岁以下男、女空中乘务员患龋率无显著性差别,２０岁以上各年龄组女性空中乘务员龋病发生率高于男性;③比较３０岁以下和３０岁以上患龋率变化呈“激增”状态,３０岁以下两组和３０岁以上的两组的患龋率变化则相对平稳;④女性空中乘务员的龋齿补牙均数（ＤＭＦ）、龋均数值均大于男性空中乘务员,４０岁以上年龄组ＤＭＦ、龋均则较接近总体平均水平;⑤第一磨牙患龋率最高,同时有两颗第一磨牙患龋情况在所有第一磨牙患龋的各种情况中最为多见。结论就空中乘务员工作、生活环境的特殊性,对他们龋病易患因素、各年龄组患病率、ＤＭＦ、龋均数值的差别进行讨论,并提出相应防龋、治龋措施。     

农二师30团中小学生龋齿调查分析

龋病是中小学生的常见病之一,它是继癌症、心血管疾病之后的第三大重点防治疾病,为了解30团中小学生口腔健康状况,为龋病防治提供依据,30 团牙防工作小组于2004年7月12-20日对该团中小学生口腔健康状况进行了调查,现报告如下: 1 对象与方法 1．1 对象:30团所有在校学生1098人,共调查了中小学生1024人,其中男生546人,女生478 人,分9个年龄组7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15岁进行分析。 1.2 方法:按WHO推荐的口腔流行病学调查方法的标准,根据兵团牙防组制定的调查表,采用普查方法,调查前对口腔科专业人员进行培训,并承担调查     

牙放射性损伤的临床研究

目的　分析牙放射性损伤的各种因素及防治方法。方法　放疗后病人 10 0例 ,其中牙照射组 6 0例 ,牙未照射组 4 0例。自身对照组 15例。治疗方法均为常规分割照射。结果　两组分别在 2 0个月内龋齿发病率为 6 0 %、15 % ,P <0 0 1。自身对照组 15例患侧发病率明显高于健侧。 6例患者牙的吸收剂量为 70Gy者发病率为 10 0 %。结论　作者认为放射性牙损伤 :(1)与吸收剂量、放射部位有密切关系。 (2 )牙齿内活跃的造釉细胞、造牙本质细胞对射线敏感。 (3)唾液腺的破坏造成唾液素下降pH值下降 ,链球菌大量繁殖。防治方法 :用防龋涂料 ,牙罩 ,计划性保护唾液腺 ,调整时间剂量因子 ,选择适形放疗技术 ,保护牙髓细胞的增殖能力 ,抗炎 ,改善微循环 ,增强全身抵抗力 ,是防龋齿的关键。     

Analysis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in dentine: useful for age estimation?

Ageing of the human organism results in the accumulation of modified molecules. Some of these molecular changes may be used for age estimation, as already shown for aspartic acid racemization (AAR). Another example for an accumulation of damaged molecules is advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We examined, (1) if the correlation between the concentration of AGEs (pentosidine) in root dentine and age is close enough to be used as basis for age estimation, and (2) if the combined analysis of AGEs and AAR in dentine may be a useful approach to rule out or to detect relevant effects of confounding factors in age estimation. We determined the pentosidine content of root dentine samples of 64 healthy teeth as well as in carious, “pink”, diabetic and heated teeth, and in teeth after different storage times. In 23 teeth, the extent of aspartic acid racemization (AAR) was determined in parallel. We observed a close relationship between the concentration of pentosidine in dentine and chronological age (r = 0.94) in healthy teeth. The analysis of pentosidine in dentine can theoretically be used as a basis for age estimation in healthy teeth of non-diabetic individuals; diabetic individuals may exhibit very high pentosidine levels in dentine. This finding limits the application of this method, since information regarding the question if an unidentified person suffered from diabetes mellitus or not are missing in most cases. Moreover, the method is not suitable to identify or rule out the influence of confounding factors in age estimation based on AAR, since both methods are sensible to the most relevant confounding factors (caries, heat).

     

3203名汉族儿童少年脊柱生理弯曲正常值及其标准的研究

<正> 对脊柱前、后凸的诊断,以往国内主要用肉跟观察,即观看被检查者直立时其耳、肩、股骨大转子三点形成的直线是否发生改变。在具体描述时则以“脊柱过度向前或向后弯曲”、“脊柱弯曲的曲度增大或减小”称之为脊柱前凸或后凸。前者单凭肉眼观看,不一定准确,后者描述则无确切的量度说明。这对脊柱弯曲异常的诊断显然是不够科学的。     

Radiogene Karies: ?tiologie und M?glichkeiten der Pr?vention

Background

After radiation treatment of head-and-neck cancer, the impairment of patient??s quality of life still remains an issue. After completion of the treatment course, a substantial number of patients develop so-called radiation caries. In addition, almost 50% of all cases of infectious osteoradionecrosis (iORN) of the jaws are directly associated with radiation caries. This review addresses our current knowledge on the etiology and pathogenesis of radiation caries including possible preventive strategies.

Materials and methods

A PubMed search using the terms ??radiation caries?? (??radiation related caries??, ??radiation related damage to dentition??) and ??radiogenic caries?? (??postradiation caries??, ??dental complications and radiotherapy??) was performed. The analysis of its content focused on the etiology, the pathogenesis, and the available knowledge on prophylaxis as well as treatment of radiation caries.

Results

For this review, 60?publications were selected. As main causal factors for radiogenic caries, either indirect impairment, resulting from alterations in the oral environment (e.g., radiation-induced xerostomia) or direct radiation-induced damage in teeth hard tissues are discussed. Radiation caries remains a lifelong threat and, therefore, requires permanent prevention programs.

Conclusion

To enable optimal medical care of the patients during the time course of radiotherapy as well as afterwards, close interdisciplinary cooperation between radiotherapists, oral surgeons, otorhinolaryngologists, and dentists is absolutely essential.     

单侧唇裂一次手术鼻变形的处理

介绍了单侧唇裂一次修复唇、上颌及鼻的手术方法,并对术后效果进行了讨论。术后鼻翼畸形的主要原因系鼻中隔软骨重建困难,而且不稳定的上颌骨可引起鼻孔底部凹陷。因为一次修复成正常对称的鼻冀是极其困难的,所以,对一次性鼻翼软骨的处理应当只限于必要的最小程度的修复。     

胃粘膜幽门螺杆菌感染密度在消化性溃疡诊断和治疗中的意义

作者从1987年开始通过内镜对幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori简称HP)感染密度与消化性溃疡的关系进行了研究。内镜确诊的消化性溃疡(peptic ulcer,简称pu)766例中,有24.8％的患者胃窦粘膜检出了不同密度的Hp感染,从而支持该菌是消化性溃疡病原的学说。胃窦Hp感染的密度分布,O级25.20％(193/766),Ⅰ级为45.95％(352/766),2级为15.27％(117/766),3级为13.58％(104/766)。作者采用治疗Pu及清除Hp相结合,局部治疗与系统治疗相结合的综合治疗。结果PU治愈率100％,其中Pu治愈伴细菌清除者为88.88％,其中11.12％Pu治愈而Hp仍存在,其Hp感染密度皆为3级。而HP继续存在的病例,PU累积一年复发率为5.74％,在193例无Hp感染的Pu患者中,有5例复发,复发率为2.59％(5/193累积1年复发率)。Hp感染密度分析表明:Hp感染可能是Pu的病原,治Pu与Hp结合,局部治疗与系统疗法相结合,是短程高效及低复发率的根本。     

Detection of caries with local CT

OBJECTIVES: An in vitro observer study of the detection of interproximal caries by local CT. METHODS: Detection of caries by means of conventional two-dimensional (2D) digital radiography and by two CT modalities was compared. Ground truth was obtained from histological examination of the sectioned teeth. Twenty-three extracted teeth (46 surfaces) were placed in groups of six in two dry mandibles. The observers (n=10) scored the proximal surfaces for the presence of caries on a 1-5 confidence scale. Data analysis used analysis of variance (a General Linear Model). Observer and method were entered into the model as within-subject variables and lesion depth was entered as a between-subjects variable. RESULTS: The analysis showed observer, method and lesion depth effects as well as several interaction effects to be significant. Observers performed significantly better with the vertically reformatted CT slices than with conventional radiographs (P=0.025). Furthermore, there were significant differences between observers, and several interactions were found to be significant. This means that although the reformatted slices performed best overall, this performance differed significantly depending on observer and on lesion depth. CONCLUSIONS: Vertically reformatted CT slices obtained with local CT performed significantly better than conventional 2D digital radiographs in visually detecting caries. Axial slices did not perform better than conventional radiographs. When vertically reformatted slices are used, local CT is a promising tool for the detection of interproximal caries.     

Dental fracture and chocolate candies: Case report

A complaint by a customer to a food company claimed that the consumption of a chocolate candy fractured his anterior teeth, due to its hard consistency. Fragments of the fractured teeth and the chocolate candy that supposedly caused it were collected, examined and photographed. Fragments presented caries, large restorations, and suggested previous endodontic treatment. To evaluate causation, the food company requested a laboratory analysis, which simulated the human bite on chocolate candies of the same brand. Human teeth were assembled in a simulating device of masticatory functions of apprehension and incision. Teeth used were either sound or with non-restored endodontic accesses, to simulate previous conditions of the collected fragments. Twenty chocolate candies, cooled in a freezer to 0 °C for 2 h were used as test foods, and were positioned between the teeth of the device at the moment of the test. The set was put in a dynamometer, programmed to apply increasing forces (rate of advance of 5 mm/min), until rupture (either of the specimen or of the teeth). The applied force, in N, at the time of fracture was recorded and analyzed. The average force to fracture the test food was 233.23 N. No tooth was fractured in the experiment. Forces ranging from 191.3 to 275.2 N, applied to chocolate candies were not sufficient to neither fracture human teeth nor cause any structural damage. It was concluded that the dental fracture occurred because of previous oral health conditions of the customer.     

后牙金铂合金全金属颈环烤瓷熔附金属全冠的应用价值

 目的 探讨后牙金铂合金全金属颈环烤瓷熔附金属全冠(porcelain fused to metal ,PFM)的应用价值。方法 选取99例进行后牙金铂合金PFM修复的患者,共修复牙体182颗,其中93颗牙体采用金铂合金PFM全金属颈环羽状肩台设计,89颗牙体采用凹面肩台设计,戴冠1年和3年后,比较两组设计边缘适应性、牙龈健康状况、继发龋发病率、牙龈染色及稳定性的差异。结果 戴冠1年后,两组设计边缘适应性、牙龈健康状况、继发龋发病率及牙龈染色无明显差异。戴冠3年后,后牙金铂合金全金属颈环PFM边缘适合性优的比例(92.47%)高于凹面肩台PFM设计(82.02%);后牙金铂合金全金属颈环PFM造成牙龈病变的比例及继发龋的比例(18.28%和3.22%)低于凹面肩台PFM(34.83%和11.24%);前者牙龈染色的程度重于后者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。后牙金铂合金全金属颈环PFM随着时间推移缘适应性、牙龈健康状况、继发龋发病率无明显变化,而凹面肩台设计PFM的以上指标均向不利方向发展(P<0.05)。结论 后牙金铂合金全金属颈环PFM具有良好的边缘适应性、稳定性、较低的牙龈病变的比例及继发龋的比例,但造成牙龈染色的概率较大。后牙金铂合金全金属颈环PFM可作为后牙区修复的一种常规设计方案。