主动脉缩窄

主动脉缩窄临沂医学专科学校（２７６００２）邢西忠主动脉缩窄占先天性心血管病的５％－８％，男多于女。缩窄部位９５％以上在主动脉峡部，少数位于主动脉弓及其他部位。该病常合并动脉导管未闭、室间隔缺损、两瓣型主动脉瓣、先天性主动脉口狭窄、先天性二尖瓣狭窄或闭...     

先天性主动脉缩窄致高血压性心脏病误诊1例

患者,男性,50岁.于18岁人伍体检时发现有高血压,当时测血压180/110 mm Hg,因无自觉症状未诊治.近4年来,患者逐渐出现胸闷、憋喘,活动后加重.曾在本院及外院三级医院多次就诊,诊断为原发性扩张型心肌病,心功能不全,症状好转后仍反复发作,且逐渐加重.于2010-11-20入本院时,已不能从事任何日常活动.入院...     

新生儿主动脉缩窄的外科治疗

目的:回顾总结新生儿主动脉缩窄(Co A)的外科治疗经验,探讨新生儿期Co A的最佳手术时机及手术方式。方法:2010年7月至2014年3月,共收治新生儿Co A 31例,男性20例,女性11例。手术年龄9~30天,平均(24.8±6.1)天,体质量2~4.1kg,平均体质量(93.2±0.7)kg。合并心内畸形者23例,合并PDA者4例,单纯Co A 4例。一期手术21例;分期手术10例,首先于非体外循环下行Co A矫治+肺动脉环缩术,随访25天~12个月后再行心内畸形矫治术。Co A矫治的方法包括:缩窄段切除行端端吻合、扩大的端端吻合或端侧吻合术、扩大的端端吻合+补片成形术、左锁骨下动脉翻转主动脉成形术。结果:1例死于出血,病死率3.2%;1例术后心肺功能较差,无法撤离呼吸机,放弃治疗;术后无肾衰竭、左上肢缺血及神经系统并发症发生。全组术毕有创动脉监测上、下肢动脉平均压差7.2mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa)较术前39.1mm Hg明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:严重的新生儿Co A,病情危重,需早期诊断、及时治疗;对于合并心内畸形者,若导致心功能不全的主要原因为Co A、不能耐受体外循环的患儿行分期手术安全可靠;Co A合并主动脉弓发育不良者,采应扩大端端吻合或端侧吻合术可获得满意疗效。     

先天性主动脉缩窄合并严重主动脉瓣病变的一次性外科矫治

目的 :探讨先天性主动脉缩窄合并严重主动脉瓣病变的外科治疗方法。方法 :采用升主动脉—腹主动脉人工血管转流术 +主动脉瓣置换术一次性治疗患者 9例 ,其中 4例对手术方法和体外循环技术进行了改进。结果 :术中死于体外循环意外 1例 ;术后部分肠梗阻 1例 ,8例患者痊愈出院。上肢收缩压术后较术前下降〔平均12 2 /78mmHgvs .178/6 5mmHg( 1mmHg =0 133kPa)〕 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术后上、下肢血压无明显压差。左心室舒张末期内径术后较术前缩小 ( 4 9 40± 6 88mmvs .6 7 33± 17 2 9mm) ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :该类患者采用升主动脉—腹主动脉人工血管转流术 ,在常规体外循环下行主动脉瓣置换术即简便又安全有效     

介入治疗降主动脉缩窄致高血压1例

正继发性高血压(secondary hypertension)在高血压人群中占5%~10%,随着诊断技术的不断提高这个比例逐渐上升。主动脉缩窄(coarctation of aorta,Co A)是继发性高血压发病原因之一,指先天性胸主动脉局限性狭窄甚至闭塞,缩窄远近端形成侧支循环是其明显特征。我科近期成功诊治降主动脉缩窄致高血压患者一例。病历资料:患者男性,21岁,因体检发现血压升高1年入院,入院前1年体检发现血压升高,血压达200/110mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa),偶有头晕症状,患者未予重视,近2个月来血压均较高,最高达240/140mm Hg,为求进一     

Cheatham-Platinum支架置入治疗儿童主动脉缩窄的疗效评价

目的:评价Cheatham-Platinum(CP)支架治疗儿童主动脉缩窄的早中期疗效。方法:对14例主动脉缩窄(coarctation of the aorta,CoA)儿童行CP支架置入术,其中男性8例,女性6例;年龄4~14岁(中位年龄11岁);体质量19.9~60kg(中位体质量38.2kg)。6例(43%)为未经治疗CoA;8例(57%)为再狭窄CoA。收集和分析CP支架置入前后的数据和随访资料。结果:14例患儿均成功置入CP支架,其中6例裸支架,8例覆膜支架。术后即刻CoA最窄处直径由(6.45±1.39)mm增加至(11.79±1.59)mm,P0.001;CoA/Dao比由0.41±0.12增加至0.74±0.10,P0.001;导管测得跨狭窄压差由[(34.86±17.48)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),下降至(1.64±1.64)mmHg,P0.001];心脏超声测得跨狭窄压差由[(59.76±15.92)mmHg,下降至(23.89±7.30)mmHg,P0.001];上肢收缩压由[(142.07±28.95)mmHg降为(124.79±25.92)mmHg,P0.001];下肢收缩压由[(105.21±21.35)mmHg升为(122.29±25.29)mmHg,P0.05]。未见主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层的发生。1例患儿术中发生髂动脉内膜撕脱导致术后死亡。随访结果未见再狭窄,未见支架的移位断裂。结论:CP支架治疗儿童CoA早中期疗效好,但远期效果尚需进一步的随访和更多病例的研究。     

先天性主动脉缩窄介入治疗1例

患者 ,男 ,2 5岁。 6年来常出现不明原因头胀、心慌、气短、四肢乏力、活动后加重。无恶心、呕吐及腹泻 ,不发热 ,无咳嗽及气喘。曾在当地测双上肢血压 2 0 0 /1 1 0mmHg( 1mmHg =0 .1 33kPa) ,未行任何治疗入我院。否认肾炎及风湿热病史。体检 :T 36.0℃ ,P 80次 /min ,R 2 0次 /min分 ;BP左上肢 :2 0 0 /1 1 0mmHg ,右上肢 :2 0 0 /1 1 0mmHg,左下肢 :1 2 0 /80mmHg ,右下肢 :1 2 0 /80mmHg。头颅五官无畸形 ,颈软 ,颈动脉区触及血管搏动增强 ,且闻及收缩期杂音 ,双肺无异常。心音有力 ,律齐 ,心尖区及主动脉瓣区均可闻及 2～ 3级收…     

先天性主动脉缩窄和大动脉炎致主动脉狭窄的临床特点

目的 分析比较先天性主动脉缩窄和大动脉炎致主动脉狭窄的临床特点中的共性和特性.方法 入选2016年11月至2018月2月入住阜外医院高血压中心的先天性主动脉缩窄和大动脉炎致主动脉狭窄的患者,收集所有患者的一般临床资料,血浆肾素、醛固酮水平,血沉,高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP),以及超声心动图,四肢血压,主动脉增强CT,血...     

主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形的外科治疗

主动脉缩窄（COA）常伴其他心血管畸形,往往早期出现心力衰音乐、肺动脉高压和反复肺炎,故需早期诊断,及时治疗。1989年2月～1999年8月,我们外科治疗9例COA合并心内畸形患者,报告如下。     

142例先天性胸主动脉缩窄的外科治疗

本文报道142例先天性胸主动脉缩窄外科治疗的经验。本组手术死亡串1.41%,远期疗效优良率95.2%,晚期死亡率1.2%。重点讨论近年来在治疗本病的基本方法、手术方法及移植材料方面的新进展。     

Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta after correction of aortic coarctation

Six patients with thoracic-aorta aneurysms, developing at different dates after the correction of aortic coarctation and making up 19.6% of all aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta, were investigated and underwent surgery. Aneurysm resection and prosthesis implantation were the method of choice. This operation was performed in 4 patients. Mean aortic occlusion time was 45 min. There were no fatal outcomes or paraplegia. The results were good in all patients.     

Reoperation for coarctation of the aorta

Between 1957 and 1980 reoperation for coarctation of the aorta was performed in 21 patients at one institution for an overall incidence rate of 7.9 percent. The incidence rate of reoperation was 38 percent for patients younger than age 3 years and 1.5 percent for patients 3 years or older at initial repair. Before reoperation 14 of the 21 patients were symptomatic, 19 had systolic hypertension of the upper limbs and 20 had a documented coarctation pressure gradient at rest (mean 42.4 mm Hg). Surgical techniques used at reoperation were patch aortoplasty in 12 patients, graft interposition in 4, end to end anastomosis in 3 and end to side left subclavian to descending aorta bypass graft in 2. There was one surgical death. The 20 survivors have been followed up a mean of 4.3 years. There has been significant symptomatic improvement (p < 0.001). Upper limb hypertension has also lessened significantly (p < 0.001) after reoperation;15 patients are no longer hypertensive and 3 have a lesser degree of hypertension. The coarctation pressure gradient at rest has significantly decreased (p < 0.001); 13 patients have no residual gradient and 7 have a mild gradient of 20 mm Hg or less. Graded treadmill exercise testing performed in five patients after reoperation documented upper limb hypertension in four and a marked increase in coarctation gradient with exercise in three.

In conclusion, the incidence of reoperation is significantly increased in patients who are younger than age 3 years at initial coarctation repair. Reoperation is a safe and effective procedure. It has a low mortality rate (4.8 percent), relieves symptoms and decreases hypertension and the coarctation pressure gradient. Patch aortoplasty appears to be the operative procedure of choice. Moderate to severe hemodynamic abnormalities may persist during exercise after reoperation for coarctation of the aorta.     

Acquired thromboatheromatous coarctation of the aorta: acquired coarctation of the aorta.

BACKGROUND: Atheromatosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic arch is a well established source of systemic embolism. Acquired atheromatous coarctation of the aortic arch is a rare finding and not well documentated so far. CASE REPORT AND FINDINGS: Two patients presenting with intermittent claudication of the lower extremities were identified as having thromboatheromatous coarctation of the aortic arch as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography, fast CT scan, transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and aortography. All findings including invasive hemodynamics resembled congenital coarctation of the aorta. One patient was treated surgically, while the other refused surgery and received long-term anticoagulation. CONCLUSION: Atheromatosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic arch not only cause systemic embolism, but may lead to the clinical and hemodynamic picture of coarctation of the aortic arch.     

Surgery for complex coarctation of the aorta

The application of improved surgical techniques to correct coarctation in the neonate and infant may in the longterm reduce the incidence of recoarctation in the adult. In addition, in many cases, catheter-based intervention offers an alternative to reoperation and the role of catheter-based intervention is likely to be extended with the introduction of improved technology. However, surgery is likely to be required in coarctation and recoarctation in the adult in some cases, particularly those with hypoplasia of the aortic arch, aneurysms of the ascending aorta and those with intracardiac pathology. Operation for primary coarctation in the adult can be performed through a left thoracotomy without significant postoperative morbidity. However, this is not the case with recoarctation where reoperation through a left thoracotomy has resulted in a high incidence of postoperative complications including residual coarctation, false aneurysm and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Repair through a median sternotomy offers an alternative surgical approach to recoarctation which avoids these complications and allows concomitant procedures for problems associated with arteriopathy, aortic valve disease and other associated intracardiac anomalies. The approach to coarctation and recoarctation in the adult should be tailored to individual patients and made after careful discussion with interventional cardiologists.     

Plasma renin activity in coarctation of the aorta before and after surgical correction.

In 37 patients with coarctation of the aorta, arterial blood pressure and ambulant plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined before and, in 15 patients, after surgical correction. The systolic blood pressure was raised in all the cases and the diastolic pressure was raised in 30 patients. Ambulant PRA was increased in 11 patients when compared with normal subjects of similar age. Twelve of the 15 operated patients had a significant decrease of systolic pressure after operation. Eight had raised PRA, and in 7 of these PRA fell to normal after operation and the blood pressure also fell; in 1 patient the decrease of PRA was unaccompanied by a fall in blood pressure. Though there was no significant correlation between the changes in blood pressure and PRA after operation it seems possible from our results that the renin-angiotensin system may be activated and contribute to the raised arterial pressure which occurs in patients with aortic coarctation.