丙型肝炎病毒母婴垂直传播的研究

为研究ＨＣＶ的母婴垂直传播，应用ＥＩＡ法检测了１８１６名孕妇血清抗－ＨＣＶ，阳性１６名（０．８８％），进一步作ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，１４名为阳性，对其中１３例孕妇所生１３名婴儿进行半年的随访，全部婴儿出生时抗－ＨＣＶ阳性，以后在产年中逐渐消失，３名婴儿（２３．０％）检出ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，其中１名婴儿有短暂肝功能异常，同时对感染母婴对ＨＣＶ作了基因分型，支持我国存在的ＨＣＶ母婴垂直传播。     

丙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的研究

目的研究丙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的可能性与机率。方法采用前瞻性研究方法，使用ＰＣＲ技术检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，用二代ＥＩＡ试剂检测抗－ＨＣＶ。结果１３例输血后丙型肝炎母亲和她们所生的１５例婴儿，婴儿ＨＣＶ感染率为８６．７％，其中临床型１例（７．７％），亚临床型ＨＣ３例（２３．１％），ＨＣＶ隐性感染９例（６９．２％）。抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率均随年龄增长而降低，至３岁时分别为７．７％和１５．４％。结论感染ＨＣＶ母亲所生婴儿，ＨＣＶ感染率高，但转归较好。观察引产胎儿肝脏和血液发现，孕妇抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性所引产的胎儿血清和／或肝脏中抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性，ＨＣＶ的母婴传播，主要发生于子宫内。     

丙型肝炎病毒可能存在于HIV阳性妇女生殖道中

据Medscape．com 11月16日报道（原载J Infect Dis2005：192：1557—1565），研究表明，合并HCV感染的HIV女性感染中常常在其生殖道中发现有HCVRNA的存在。HCV在生殖道的存在可能是通过垂直传播和性接触造成的，因此，对于存在HCV和HIV双重感染的患来说，详细询问有关性接触以及生育病史显得尤为重要。     

HIV和丙型肝炎病毒合并感染的临床特点和治疗的研究进展

艾滋病病毒(HIV)与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)具有相同的传播途径，二者均可经血液(静脉吸毒和血制品输入)、性接触、母婴垂直传播等途径感染。国外研究报道，HIV感染者中约1／4～1／3合并HCV感染(合并感染的病例主要是静脉吸毒和血友病患者)，且二者相互作用加速了疾病进展，已经严重危害了人类健康。迄今，在我国HIV感染者近100万，死于艾滋病约10余万人；HCV感染者约4100万，     

丙型肝炎病毒体外可感染树鼩肝细胞

目的 探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）体外感染树目句原代肝细胞。方法 用HCV RNA阳性血清感染原代树鼩肝细胞，并用感染后细胞培养上清液进行传代感染，通过检测受染肝细胞正、负链HCV RNA、培养上清液中包装后HCV RNA，并对比分析感染前后病毒准种变化等指标，评价感染是否成功。结果 受染树鼩肝细胞自第5～10天可检出负链HCV RNA，而正链RNA至感染后第14天仍可检出；感染后3～14d培养上清液中可检出HCV RNA，且呈RNA酶抗性；培养上清液中病毒可传代感染新的树鼩肝细胞；感染前后HCV准种分析显示树鼩肝细胞可被特定的准种选择性感染，而传代感染后肝细胞可检出新的准种。结论 原代树鼩肝细胞体外可被HCV感染且支持病毒复制。     

乙型肝炎病毒垂直传播研究进展

乙型肝炎是世界上广泛流行的传染病．严重危害人体健康。我国是乙型肝炎高发区，乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原携带者达10％～15％，垂直传播是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的主要传播途径之一。     

丙型肝炎病毒细胞培养研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）是引起人类丙型肝炎的病原体。全球HCV的感染率约为3％,约1．7亿人感染HCV。HCV感染易慢性化,其慢性化率可高达85％,部分慢性丙型肝炎患者最终可发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化,甚至肝细胞癌。目前主要采用干扰素和利巴韦林联合治疗丙型肝炎,但并非对所有慢性丙型肝炎患者均有效。     

慢性感染后的自发性丙型肝炎病毒清除较常见

据医业网4月24日报道（原载ClinInfect Dis 2006；42：945-954），过去认为慢性感染后自发性丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）清除很少发生，但是新研究提示，这种清除率可高达8％。     

基因型和核苷酸序列分析研究丙型肝炎病毒母婴传播

为研究丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）的母婴传播，应用ＥＩＡ方法检测１８１６例孕妇血清抗－ＨＣＶ抗体。结果抗体阳性者１６例（０．８８％），进一步用逆转录－套式－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ）检测病毒核酸（ＨＣＶＲＮＡ）１４例孕妇为阳性，对其中１３例孕妇所生１３例婴儿随访至出生后６个月，３例婴儿检出ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，其中２例为短暂ＨＣＶ感染者，１例为慢性ＨＣＶ感染者伴ＡＬＴ异常，母婴传播率为２３．０％     

乙型与丙型肝炎病毒双重感染的研究进展

我国是病毒性肝炎发病率较高的国家,属于乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染高流行区,同时我国丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染率也很高。HBV与HCV具有相同的传播途径,因此HBV/HCV双重感染(HBV/HCV dual infection)较多见,HBV/HCV双重感染不但加     

Possible risk factors for vertical transmission of Chagas' disease.

The author emphasizes the importance of the congenital transmission of Chagas' disease and discusses the possible risk factors for transmission such as age, origin, obstetrical history and maternal form of disease. Exacerbation of infection during pregnancy is also considered as a possible risk factor for transmission. Besides, a relationship between the frequency of transmission and gestational age is presented. Concerning breast-feeding, the risk of transmission is directly related to the acute phase of maternal disease and bleeding nipples.     

Virologic risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV type 1 in Puerto Rico

HIV-1 vertical transmission in Puerto Rico has decreased significantly due to the implementation of antiviral therapy. Several studies have shown that the phenotype of the HIV-1 isolates initially recovered from infected infants has generally been one that replicates rapidly, infects macrophages, and preferentially use the CCR5 coreceptor. Our hypothesis is that viral genotypic and phenotypic differences exist between HIV-1 nontransmitter and transmitter mothers. Viral DNA samples and virus isolates were analyzed from a Puerto Rican perinatal population. Heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) was performed on DNA samples to detect env V3 evolutionary variants and the extent of heterogeneity within each sample. HIV-1 C2-V3 variants were cloned from each patient to study sequence variation among the groups. Differences in replication kinetics of viral isolates in macrophage and GHOST CCR5 cells were analyzed by use of repeated measures linear regression analysis. HTA analysis showed that only two nontransmitter patient samples showed the presence of evolutionary variants. Phylogenetic analysis between maternal-infant pairs showed that transmission of a single maternal variant occurred, with the exception of one sample pair. When evaluating amino acid sequences from cloned PCR products, nontransmitting mothers appear to have a higher number of distinct sequences than both the transmitting mothers (p = 0.0410) and the infected infants (p = 0.0315). Analysis of replication kinetics indicated that transmitters showed faster replication kinetics in GHOST CCR5 cell cultures at 12 days postinfection (p = 0.0434) and 15 days postinfection (p = 0.0181). In conclusion, viral homogeneity and rapid replication kinetics were correlated with vertical transmission.     

Study on the risk factors related vertical transmission of HBV positive couples to their infant

Objective To explore the risk factors and the rate of HBV vertical transmission from HBsAg-positive couple to their infant. Methods 46 families who had antenatal examination at Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital during August 2010 and November 2011 were     

分娩方式与艾滋病母婴传播

艾滋病病毒(HIV)可通过母亲妊娠分娩传播给新生儿,即艾滋病的母婴传播。艾滋病母婴传播可发生在妊娠、分娩和哺乳的各个过程,但在分娩前后的传播比例最高。分娩过程中产科因素对艾滋病母婴传播风险的影响,特别是不同分娩方式是否会影响艾滋病母婴传播风险,既往一直争议不断。近年来由于抗病毒药物特别是高效抗反转录病毒疗法和人工喂养,已将母婴传播的风险下降到一个较低的水平,越来越多的研究者已不再倾向将分娩方式选择作为减少艾滋病母婴传播的主要干预措施。     

河南省艾滋病母婴传播可疑危险因素的调查分析

目的探讨艾滋病母婴传播的主要危险因素.方法对艾滋病母婴传播的可能危险因素进行病例对照研究.结果母亲怀孕时合并机会性感染者其母婴传播的发生率（90.48%）显著高于无合并者（15.38%）;怀孕时合并有性病的母亲（66.67%）高于无合并者（23.42%）;早产儿阳性者的比例为55.56%,大于非早产儿的23.23%;头胎的母婴传播比例为45.76%,二胎、三胎的传播比例分别为13.83%和9.09%（P＜0.05）,其差异有显著的统计学意义;择期剖腹产者的母婴传播比例为4.55%,显著低于普通阴道产者的28.17%;产程较短的母婴传播比例为4.35%,显著低于产程较长者的40.00%;人工喂养、母乳喂养、混合喂养者母婴传播发生率（3.45%、26.13%和45.83%）的差异,有显著的统计学意义（P＜0.05））.结论在影响母婴传播的危险因素中,母体妊娠时的机会性感染会增加母婴传播的可能性,早产儿与低体重儿也会增加传播机会,而胎次、生产方式、产程以及喂养方式等也可能会对母婴传播的发生造成影响.     

Risk factors for vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus infection

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can be vertically transmitted, but the factors that transmit the disease to foetuses are still unclear. We studied a total of 144 pregnant women with HEV infection. Cord blood and newborn samples were taken for analysis. Nutritional factors were evaluated on the basis of anthropometric parameters and biochemical factors, and HEV viral load was quantified by real‐time PCR. Sequencing of HEV‐positive samples was performed. Approximately 14.63% (6/41) of pregnant patients with acute liver failure (ALF) died before delivery. Vertical transmission was observed in 46.09% (59/128) of HEV‐IgM‐positive mothers. Approximately 23.80% (10/42) of newborns in the acute viral hepatitis group and 29.41% (5/17) in the ALF group were positive for HEV‐RNA. No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of vertical transmission in HEV groups. Viral load was found to be a significant predictor for vertical transmission of HEV infection adjusted with haemoglobin and folate in derivation cohort group. Incorporating these variables, a new score predicting vertical transmission of HEV was derived. Using these significant predictors, the probability for vertical transmission of HEV was well stratified in the validation group (P>.05). In conclusion, viral load was associated with vertical transmission of HEV infection. A valid prediction score model was generated that was verified in a validation cohort group.