眶底Medpor填充矫正HA眼座植入术后的残余上眶区凹陷临床观察

目的探讨采用高密度多孔聚乙烯(Medpor)眶底骨膜下填充治疗HA眼座植入术后残余上眶区凹陷的临床效果以及安全性。方法对21例(21只眼)HA眼座植入术后残余上眶区凹陷的患者采取在眶底骨膜下填充Medpor板块的手术进行矫正。结果 21例患者均获得满意疗效。随访3-14个月,上眶区饱满与健眼基本对称,植入的Medpor无暴露、感染、排斥现象。结论 Medpor是一种良好的骨替代材料,明显优于其它材料。用 Medpor眶底填充矫正HA眼座植入术后的上眶区凹陷是一种安全、简便、有效的方法。     

复合型人工骨在眶内充填及眶骨缺损治疗的应用

医用树脂（ｅｐｏｘｉｄｅａｃｒｙｌａｔｅｍａｌｅｉｃ，Ｅ）和羟基磷灰石（ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｐａｔｉｔｅ，Ｈ）颗粒混合调制成的ＥＨ型复合人工骨具有良好的生物相容性和骨结合性，应用操作简便、易于塑形，作为新型充填材料修复因眼球摘除后用进口或国产的羟基磷灰石眼座植入后仍出现上眶区凹隋以及因外伤、炎症、肿瘤等原因所致的眶壁、眶缘、眶周骨缺损及眼眶发育不良的病例共２２例，随访６－１２月，均取得较满意效果。无吸收和排异。我们认为可取代自体骨移植，广泛应用于眼眶内充填及眼眶骨缺损的修复。     

可吸收性复合材料修复羊眼眶下壁缺损的实验研究

目的探讨聚乙酸-聚乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）及其与重组人体骨形态发生蛋白2复合材料（PLGA/rhBMP-2）植入眼眶修复骨折缺损时,材料的吸收降解与眼眶骨折缺损骨化修复的关系.方法将9只山羊（18只眼）随机分为3组,每组6只眼,通过手术造成眶下壁骨折缺损.A组为对照组,其缺损不做充填修复;B组植入PLGA;C组植入PLGA/rhBMP-2薄片修复缺损.术后观察伤口愈合情况、并发症及眼眶外观变化,术后1周、3和6个月进行CT扫描、三维重建、缺损面积测量和组织学检查.结果术后所有动物伤口愈合良好,无并发症和眼球凹陷.术后6个月时A和B组CT测量的骨窗面积为51～66 mm^2和30～44mm^2,而C组的骨窗缺损基本消失.组织学检查：植入材料6个月时完全降解,A组缺损由纤维组织修复;B组周边可见骨组织,中央为纤维组织;C组缺损由骨组织取代,植片表面可见到疏松结缔组织.结论应用厚0.5 mm的PLGA/rhBMP-2薄片修复羊眼眶下壁骨质缺损,植入术后6个月材料可完全降解,被自体骨组织取代,具有较好的修复效果,对临床眼眶骨折的手术治疗有一定的指导意义.     

鼻内镜辅助下Medpor Titan植入治疗眶壁骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨鼻内镜辅助下经结膜切口联合Medpor Titan植入行眼眶壁骨折整复的临床疗效。

方法：对16例16眼外伤导致的眼眶内壁、下壁、内下壁骨折患者,鼻内镜辅助下经泪阜结膜切口、下穹窿结膜切口、泪阜联合下穹窿结膜切口径路分离暴露骨折区,将嵌入副鼻窦的直肌、眶脂肪还纳眶内,Medpor Titan材料修补骨折缺损区。观察术后视力、眼球突出度、眼球运动、复视情况、眼眶CT。

结果：患者16例16眼中,术后观察3mo,所有患眼视力无下降,眼球内陷矫正,眼球运动无明显受限,复视消失,眼眶CT 植入物位置满意,未见植入物移位脱出。

结论：鼻内镜下经结膜切口联合Medpor Titan植入行眼眶壁骨折整复术,具有直视操作、骨折范围暴露清晰且手术安全可靠等优点,既恢复了患者的视功能和外观,又减少了并发症的发生,同时也避免术后遗留面部瘢痕,是临床上一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

增强核磁共振成像观察兔眼羟基磷灰石义眼座的纤维血管化过程研究

目的 应用增强核磁共振(MRI)动态显像技术监测兔眼羟基磷灰石(HA)义眼座完成纤维血管化的时间,以证实MRI在评价HA义眼座纤维血管化程度方面的临床应用价值.方法 健康清洁级新西兰大白兔30只,随机分为6组,均行单眼眼内容物剜出术及多孔巩膜壳内HA义眼座植入术,术后第1、2、3、4、5、6周进行增强MRI的相关检查并计算MRI图像中VE/VHA比值(VE为义眼座强化区体积,VHA为义眼座体积),于每周扫描完毕后处死1组兔,取出HA义眼座进行病理组织学的对照观察.结果 兔眼HA植入后前4周间依次比较MRI图像中VE/VHA比值显著增加,而第4周后不再增加;兔眼HA病理检查也发现术后第4周全部植入HA义眼座均完成纤维血管化,HE染色可见致密的胶原纤维形成,以及内含红细胞的新生血管,并且无明显炎症细胞浸润.结论 MRI可作为HA义眼座术后血管化程度监测的影像学依据.健康兔眼眶内植入直径12 mm的HA义眼座在4周后可达到完全纤维血管化.     

鼻内镜下眼眶爆裂性骨折的修复

目的观察鼻内镜协助下经结膜切口以Medpor材料修复眶下壁骨折效果。方法单纯爆裂性眶下壁骨折13例,采用结膜切口联合外眦皮肤切开入路,鼻内镜下取出游离的碎骨片,将嵌顿的下直肌及其他眶组织充分游离还纳至眶内,植入修剪塑形后的Medpor板重建眶下壁,随访4～12个月,观察眼位、复视、眼球内陷及眼球运动改善情况。结果术后所有患者复视及眼球运动受限均得到不同程度的改善。10例复视完全消失,眼球运动恢复正常;3例好转（其中2例伤后近2个月手术）。眼球内陷均在1mm以内。结论鼻内镜下经结膜切口眼眶爆裂性骨折整复术合并Medpor板植入可有效矫正眼球内陷及复视,效果良好,并发症少。     

异种(牛)脱细胞真皮在结膜囊成形术中的临床应用

目的探讨采用异种(牛)脱细胞真皮作为移植材料行结膜囊成形术的安全性及效果。方法 9例(9眼)眼内容摘出术后结膜囊狭窄患者,行义眼座植入联合结膜囊成形术,术中应用Medpor义眼座作为眼窝填充材料、异种(牛)脱细胞真皮作为结膜生长支架移植材料。义眼座植入后行结膜囊成形术,将异种脱细胞真皮修剪后移植于结膜缺损处,放入眼模,缝合睑缘,术后抗炎治疗3个月拆除睑缘缝线。随访观察6～18个月,平均8个月。结果 9例患者术后均无明显排斥反应,无义眼座暴露;植片色泽逐渐红润,无坏死、脱落及明显收缩,结膜上皮爬行并覆盖植片表面。术后3个月植片近似正常结膜外观,结膜囊成形好,配戴义眼片后患眼外观良好,不滑脱。9例患者中8例效果良好,1例一般。结论采用异种(牛)脱细胞真皮作为结膜囊成形移植材料,手术操作方便,异种脱细胞真皮组织相容性好,结膜囊成形效果满意。     

同种异体骨义眼座的研究和临床应用

目的：探讨同种异体骨义眼座的制作和临床应用的可行性。方法：采用同种异体骨股骨头部分,经高温等处理,去除有机质,保留骨松质的无机质部分的三维、内联、多孔的结构形态,经材料测试杂质极少,进行动物实验和临床应用。结果：同种异体骨义眼座的动物埋藏个月开始有纤维组织和毛细血管生长,6个月后义眼座孔内有丰富的组织长入。对22例义眼座一期、二期植入和2例填充植入,术后组织反应轻,无并发症发生。结论：同种异体骨义眼座可用于无眼球眼眶内填充物的患者。     

后巩膜瓣旋转覆盖义眼座巩膜腔内植入术临床分析

目的:为了达到最佳的运动和仿真效果及长期的稳定,设计后巩膜瓣旋转覆盖巩膜腔内Medpor义眼座植入术,并评价此术式的手术适应证和疗效。方法:2008-01/2011-07在深圳市眼科医院接受眼内容剜除后巩膜瓣旋转覆盖巩膜腔内Medpor义眼座植入术120例患者:眼内容摘除后制作后巩膜瓣,将义眼座植入后方开放的巩膜腔内,旋转后巩膜瓣覆盖在义眼座表面,缝线固定义眼座。随访1～3a,记录最后一次就诊时的义眼座活动度,义眼片活动度,结膜囊剩余面积,结膜囊深度,并发症发生情况。结果:义眼座活动度:115例为优,5例为良;义眼片活动度89例为优,26例为良,5例为差;平均结膜囊剩余面积为178.1±7.5mm2;平均结膜囊深度为2.7±1.1mm;2例出现义眼座暴露感染,3例出现结膜下植入性囊肿,2例出现义眼座固定缝线外露,未出现义眼座内陷、上眶区凹陷、结膜囊狭窄、下睑外翻、眼眶蜂窝织炎。结论:后巩膜瓣旋转覆盖Medpor义眼座巩膜腔内植入术对于轻中度眼球萎缩、角巩膜葡萄肿、绝对期青光眼患者具有良好的治疗效果。     

先天性小眼球合并眼眶囊肿诊断与治疗

目的 探讨先天性小眼球合并眼眶囊肿的临床、影像诊断及治疗方法.方法 回顾分析19例(20只眼)先天性小眼球合并眼眶囊肿的临床表现、影像学资料、手术治疗过程及术后效果,研究该病的临床、影像诊断及治疗方法.结果 通过B超、彩超、CT及MRI等影像学检查,可发现先天性小眼球合并眼眶囊肿中发育异常的小眼球、眼眶内囊性肿物,典型病例两者之间存在沟通.10例患者同时摘除小眼球与囊肿并植入羟基磷灰石义眼台,有效改善外观,未影响眶骨发育.3例单纯摘除囊肿患者,保留小眼球可填充眶内容,外观影响较小,眼球有继续发育可能.2例术后缝合睑裂者,外观受影响.2例患者采用囊内液抽吸,术后复发.结论 先天性小眼球合并眼眶囊肿可通过临床表现和特征性的影像学检查(发现小眼球与囊肿的沟通)明确诊断.手术治疗宜选同时摘除小眼球与囊肿并植入羟基磷灰石义眼台,小眼球发育较好者宜选单纯摘除囊肿+眼球修补术.     

Comparative antiproliferative and cytotoxic profile of bevacizumab (Avastin), pegaptanib (Macugen) and ranibizumab (Lucentis) on different ocular cells

Aim To compare the antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties of bevacizumab (Avastin), pegaptanib (Macugen) and ranibizumab (Lucentis) on human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE19) cells, rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC5) and pig choroidal endothelial cells (CEC). Methods Monolayer cultures of ARPE19, RGC5 and CEC were used. Bevacizumab (0.1–0.3 mg/ml), pegaptanib (0.025–0.08 mg/ml) or ranibizumab (0.04–0.125 mg/ml) diluted in culture medium were added to the cells. Expression of VEGF-receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) and von Willebrand factor (a marker for endothelial cells) were analysed by immunohistochemistry. CEC cells were stimulated with VEGF. Cellular proliferative activity was monitored by BrdU-incorporation into cellular DNA. For cytotoxicity assays cells were grown to confluence and then cultured in a serum-depleted medium to ensure a static milieu. MTT-test was performed after one day. Results CEC and ARPE19 cells stained positively for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. More than 95% of the CEC cells were positive for von Willebrand factor. Ranibizumab reduced CEC cell proliferation by 44.1%, bevacizumab by 38.2% and pegaptanib by 35.1% when the drugs were used at their established clinical doses. The differences, however, between the three drugs in respect to cell growth inhibition were not statistically significant. Only a mild antiproliferative effect of bevacizumab or pegaptanib on ARPE19 cells could be observed. Ranibizumab did not alter ARPE19 cell proliferation. No cytotoxicity on RGC5, CEC and ARPE19 cells could be seen. Conclusions Bevacizumab, pegaptanib and ranibizumab significantly suppress choroidal endothelial cell proliferation. However, when used at the currently established doses none of the drugs was superior over the others in respect to endothelial cell growth inhibition. The biocompatibility of all three drugs — including the off-label bevacizumab — seems to be excellent when used at the currently recommended intravitreal dose. This work is presented on behalf of the Tuebingen Bevacizumab Study Group.     

Intravitreal use of bevacizumab (Avastin) for choroidal neovascularization due to ARMD: a preliminary multifocal-ERG and OCT study

Purpose To evaluate by MFERG and OCT the macular function before and after intravitreal use of bevacizumab (Avastin) in eyes suffering from CNV due to ARMD. Methods Eighteen eyes with subfoveal CNV due to ARMD were studied before and after intravitreal use of bevacizumab with MFERG and OCT. The post treatment follow up was three months. Results Before treatment, OCT shows an increase of the retinal thickening of the fovea and the electrical response densities in the fovea and parafovea were decreased in all patients. Three months after treatment, OCT showed a real resolution of the subretinal fluid. The electrical responses in the fovea and parafovea remained the same or slightly improved in some cases. The intraocular pressure remained normal and no inflammation was observed. Conclusion The intravitreal use of bevacizumab may provide anatomical correlates that support the concept of disease amelioration but the functional improvement of the macula three months after treatment is not obvious. However the method is promising and needs further evaluation.     

Distribution,markers, and functions of retinal microglia

Retinal microglia originate from hemopoietic cells and invade the retina from the retinal margin and the optic disc, most likely via the blood vessels of the ciliary body and iris, and the retinal vasculature, respectively. The microglial precursors that appear in the retina prior to vascularization are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and II-positive and express the CD 45 marker, but lack specific macrophage markers. They differentiate into ramified parenchymal microglia in the adult retina. A second category of microglial precursors, which do express specific macrophage markers, migrate into the retina along with vascular precursors. They appear around blood vessels in the adult retina and are similar to macrophages or cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series (MPS). Microglia are distributed in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and nerve fiber layer (NFL) of the primate retina. The pattern of microglial distribution in the avascular retina of the quail indicates that blood vessels are not responsible for the final location of microglia in the retina. In the human retina, microglia express MHC class I, MHC class II, CD 45 , CD68, and S22 markers. In the rat and mouse retina, OX 41 , OX 42 , OX 3 , OX6, OX18, ED1, Mac-1, F 4 /80, 5 D 4 anti-keratan sulfate, and lectins are used to recognize microglia. Microglial cells play an important role in host defense against invading microorganisms, immunoregulation, and tissue repair. During neurodegeneration, activated microglial cells participate in the phagocytosis of debris and facilitate regenerative processes. In autoimmune disease, microglia have dual functions: initiating uveoretinitis, but also limiting subsequent inflammation. Retinal microglia may be associated with vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. The goal of this article was to review the present knowledge about retinal microglia and the function of retinal microglia in pathological conditions.     

视网膜血管瘤增殖一年龄相关性黄斑变性的特殊类型

本文总结了年龄相关性黄斑变性的特殊类型—视网膜血管瘤增殖(RAP)的临床和造影表现及分期。RAP是起源于黄斑旁视网膜深层毛细血管的、以伴发多灶小片视网膜内出血及盘变前期即有视网膜-脉络膜血管吻合(RCA)形成为特征的新生血管性AMD。     

Long Noncoding RNA 3632454L22Rik Contributes to Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing by Sponging miR-181a-5p in Diabetic Mice

PurposeThis work explores the abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in diabetic corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and constructs an associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Moreover, we revealed that Rik may exert advantageous effects on diabetic corneal epithelial wound closure by sponging miR-181a-5p.MethodsWe obtained the profiles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) of CECs of type 1 diabetic versus control corneas by microarray and summarized the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) data by published literature. Subsequently, the ceRNA network was constructed using bioinformatics analyses. The levels of lncRNA ENSMUST00000153610/3632454L22Rik (Rik) and miR-181a-5p were verified. The localization of Rik was identified with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and dual-luciferase assays proved the targeted relationship between Rik and miR-181a-5p. Furthermore, we validated the functional impact of Rik in vitro.ResultsOverall, 111 upregulated and 117 downregulated DELs were detected in diabetic versus control CECs. The level of Rik located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus was clearly downregulated, whereas miR-181a-5p was upregulated in vitro and in vivo in the diabetic group versus the control group. Rik can act as a ceRNA to bind to miR-181a-5p, thus promoting diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro.ConclusionsThis work investigated the expression profile of DELs and constructed ceRNA networks of diabetic CECs for the first time. Furthermore, we revealed that Rik may positively impact diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing by sponging miR-181a-5p, providing a novel potential therapeutic target of diabetic keratopathy (DK).     

30天连续配戴硬性透氧性角膜接触镜的安全性研究

目的为了评价Menicon Z硬性接触镜30 d连续配戴的安全性与有效性,进行了两个为期一年的临床比较试验.方法分别选用了可以7 d连续配戴的Hydrogel材料的Acuvue(1)及可以30 d连续配戴的Si H材料的Focus Night & Day(2)软性接触镜作为对照镜片.结果临床试验(Ⅰ)中,317人参加了Menicon Z组群,313人参加了Acuvue组群.Menicon Z组群有258人(占81.4%)完成了为期一年的试验,而Acuvue组群仅有210人(占67.1%).Acuvue组群中比较常见的副作用为浸润性角膜炎与细菌性结膜炎.相比之下,Menicon Z组群常见的不适症状是由异物飞入角膜造成角膜上皮擦伤所致的.各有50人参加了临床试验(Ⅱ)的Menicon Z组群与Night & Day组群.Menicon Z组群有35人(占70.0%)完成了为期一年的试验,Night & Day组群有33人(占66.0%).Menicon Z组群中常见的副作用表现为3～9点角膜染色,Night & Day组群为接触镜相关性充血、接触镜性角膜周边溃疡、乳头性结膜炎、角膜上方弓状损伤与细菌性角膜炎.结论Menicon Z 30 d连续配戴具有安全性.     

近视及散光眼LASIK后非接触眼压计测量值的影响因素及其预测

目的 比较近视和(或)散光患者在LASIK手术前后非接触眼压计测量结果的差异及其影响因素,并得到预计眼压的计算公式.方法 对2005年12月至2006年11月在北京协和医院准分子激光手术中心行初次准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)矫正近视和(或)散光的患者进行回顾性研究,共93例(183只眼),采用非接触眼压计(NCT)测量术前和术后2周、1个月、3个月的眼压值,计算眼压变化值并分析其与各种变量之间的相关性,应用多元线性回归从相关变量得到术后预计的测量眼压值及眼压变化值.结果 患者术后3个月眼压较术前平均下降(5.74±2.03)mmHg,其变化与性别、年龄均不相关,但与术前屈光度有明显的关系.多元线性回归分析得到术后实际测量的眼压与术前眼压呈正性相关,而与手术切削量呈负相关(R2=0.442,P<0.001),术后预计测量眼压=5.175+0.411×术前眼压-0.0205×切削量,手术后眼压测量下降值0.589×术前眼压+0.0205×切削量-5.175.结论 通过术后实际测量眼压值与预测值比较,可以及时发现高眼压的患者,避免低估眼压以致漏诊青光眼而造成患者视功能损失.虽然可以通过预测公式来判断实际测量眼压值是否在正常范围.但更有效的方法是使用不受角膜变化影响的眼压计测定眼压.     

Assessing hydroxychloroquine toxicity by the multifocal ERG

Twenty patients on Plaquenil treatment were evaluated for retinal toxicity using the (EOG) and the mfERG. Group 1 comprises 15 patients (30 eyes) with normal EOG. From these patients 11 (22 eyes) showed normal RRD of mfERG in area 1 and area 2. The rest four patients (8 eyes) the RRD were reduced. Six months after interruption of HC, the mfERG improved in three cases. Group 2 comprises 5 patients (10 eyes) with subnormal EOG. Four (8 eyes) of these showed a decrease of RRD of the mfERG in area 1 and 2. In the rest one (2 eyes) the RRD were normal. Six months after interruption of HC the mfERG and the EOG improved in 2 cases. These results postulate that the mfERG may be used as an alternative method, perhaps more sensitive, for the detection of the HC retinopathy and the follow up of the patients on hydroxychloroquine.     

糖尿病患者的视网膜电图分析

目的分析糖尿病(DR)患者视网膜电图(F-ERG)的振幅、峰潜时、OPS总和振幅及其与病程的相关性.方法将53例102眼糖尿病患者分为三组(NDR、BDR、PDR),并采用美国UATA-2000型视觉电生理仪对53DR例进行F-ERG检查,主要分析其a、b波峰潜时、振幅、OPS总和振幅.结果随着DR病情的加重,ERG及OPS无波的情况所占比例增大.a波峰潜时BDR组和正常组比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01),BDR组和DM无DR组比较差异有显著性(P[WTBZ〗<0.05);a波振幅正常对照组与其他各组比较差异均有极显著性(P<0.01).b波振幅正常对照组与BDR、PDR间以及DM无DR组与BDR、PDR组间均有极显著性差异(P<0.01).OPS总和振幅除了BDR与PDR间外,其他各组比较差异均有极显著性(P<0.01).结论OPS、ERG之a、b波振幅,尤其是b波振幅,可以作为早期诊断DR患者以及估计预后的敏感指标;良好的血糖控制,可以延缓DM的病情发展.