首乌丹参方预处理对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌保护作用研究

[目的] 观察首乌丹参方对大鼠缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤心肌梗死范围及血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响。[方法] 采用结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支30min/开放120min,建立心肌I/R模型,通过首乌丹参方预处理,观察I/R大鼠心肌梗死范围,血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、CK、CK-MB活性及SOD、MDA的变化熏同时电镜下观察心肌超微结构变化。[结果] 首乌丹参方高、中剂量组梗死程度明显减轻,梗死区质量占全心脏及左心室的百分比与I/R组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01雪,以首乌丹参方中剂量组为优;首乌丹参方能够使血清中的SOD值增加(P<0.01),MDA含量有不同程度的降低;能够减少心肌酶的漏出;电镜下I/R组心肌组织严重损伤,首乌丹参方用药后偶见局灶性损伤和毛细血管狭窄,心肌轻度损伤。[结论] 首乌丹参方对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,减少心肌酶漏出、减少自由基损伤是其保护心肌的重要机制之一。     

丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA对家兔动脉粥样硬化模型内皮细胞功能的影响

[目的]探讨丹参水溶性成分丹酚酸B和脂溶性成分丹参酮ⅡA对家兔动脉粥样硬化模型内皮细胞功能的影响,以寻找其作用靶点。[方法]复制家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,放射性免疫方法检测血浆血栓素(TXB₂)、6酮前列腺素F_1α(6-keto-PGF_1α)、内皮素(ET)浓度,观察丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA对内皮细胞功能的影响。[结果]丹酚酸B能够减少动脉粥样硬化家兔血浆TXB₂、ET浓度,增加6-keto-PGF_1α浓度,丹参酮ⅡA对动脉粥样硬化家兔血浆TXB₂、6-ke-to-PGF_1α、ET没有明显影响。[结论]丹参水溶性成分与脂溶性成分在治疗动脉粥样硬化过程中作用靶点及机制不同。     

活血承气合剂对小肠缺血-再灌注家兔血清二胺氧化酶的影响

[目的]以血清二胺氧化酶(Diamine Oxidase,DAO)作为判断小肠损伤程度的指标,通过制作实验性家兔小肠缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)模型,评价血清DAO诊断小肠损伤的可靠性和有效性,并依此指导治疗,探讨应用中西医结合方法防治小肠缺血再灌注损伤的效果。[方法]采用肠系膜上动脉夹闭方法制作I/R模型,将家兔随机分为假手术组,生理盐水对照组,活血承气合剂中药组,乳果糖组,每组再分为缺血60min、再灌注60min、再灌注120min 3个时间点,每组6只动物,取血检测血清二胺氧化酶活性。[结果]小肠缺血后血清DAO升高,于再灌注120min最高(P<0.05);应用活血承气合剂和乳果糖后血清DAO值升高则不明显;应用活血承气合剂组血清DAO水平明显低于生理盐水对照组(P<0.05);再灌注120min时,活血承气合剂组血清DAO显著低于乳果糖组(P<0.05)。[结论]小肠缺血再灌注损伤后血清DAO水平明显升高;应用中药活血承气合剂治疗可以显著降低血清DAO水平,改善缺血再灌注小肠的功能。     

绝经对大鼠血栓前状态的影响

目的 通过去势建立绝经大鼠模型,观察绝经对大鼠血栓前状态的影响。 方法 将32只9~10月龄的健康雌性SD大鼠随机分成4组,每组8只。实验组手术去势,对照组行假手术,分别于术后1周或10周处死。采用凝血酶比浊法检测各组大鼠血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量;采用发射底物法检测抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)活性;采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI-1)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血管性假血友病因子(vWF)含量;采用硝酸还原酶法检测NO含量;采用放射性核素放射免疫法检测血浆血栓素A₂(TXA₂)、前列环素(PGI₂)含量。 结果 在绝经早期,血浆FIB含量明显升高,血浆ATⅢ活性无明显变化;血浆PAI-1含量呈升高趋势;血浆vWF含量显著升高,同时血浆NO含量显著下降;随着绝经时间延长,到绝经晚期,与对照组相比,PAI-1含量显著增加,而血浆FIB含量有所回落,血浆ATⅢ活性显著升高;血浆vWF含量仍保持在较高水平,但血浆NO含量有所回升。在绝经早期及绝经晚期,血浆TXA₂和PGI₂同步升高,D-D含量各组间均无明显变化。 结论 在血栓形成的不同环节,绝经事件发挥了不同的影响,导致绝经早期血栓形成风险增加;随着绝经时间延长,各相关参数达成新的平衡,血栓风险回落。     

天麻醒脑胶囊对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

[目的]天麻醒脑胶囊对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。[方法]采用夹闭沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉10min继以再灌注5d建立沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。评价天麻醒脑胶囊的神经保护作用。[结果]天麻醒脑胶囊灌胃后明显促进再灌注期间脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)电位幅度的恢复,呈剂量依赖性降低再灌注5d沙土鼠皮层水和钙的含量。[结论]天麻醒脑胶囊对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的保护作用,其机制与降低皮层水含量及钙离子浓度密切相关。     

药物局部治疗对猪皮肤撕脱伤后TXA2/PGI2变化的影响

AIMTo study the effect of local dexamethasone and brufen perfusion therapy on alteration of thromboxane A₂ and prostacycline after skin avulsion in pigs．METHODSThe experiment divided into three groups，Acontrol，Bavulsed skin flap，Ctreatment of avulsed skin flap．TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α concentration in avulsed site were measured by radioimmunoassay．RESULTSTXA₂/PGI₂ ratio and the level of TXA₂ and PGI₂ were increased significantly in B，TXA₂ concentration and TXA₂/PGI₂ ratio were increased and PGI₂ concentration was reduced significantly in C．CONCLUSIONLocal dexamethasone and brufen perfusion therapy could protect inbalance of TXA₂/PGI₂ from skin avulsion，and probably improved blood flow of avulsed skin flap and decreased the necrosis of avulsed skin flap.     

丹参酮B钠盐对局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠海马神经递质含量的影响

[目的]观察大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤后海马氨基酸类神经递质含量变化及丹参酮B钠盐对其的影响,探讨丹参酮治疗脑缺血可能的作用机制。[方法]采用栓线法制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注动物模型,将Wistar大鼠随机分为伪手术组(Sham)、模型组(I/R)、丹参酮B钠盐低、中、高剂量组对大鼠进行实验观察。应用高效液相方法检测各组大鼠海马谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量。[结果]高效液相色谱(HPLC)结果显示:与模型组比较丹参酮B钠盐各组可不同程度降低海马谷氨酸、GABA含量。[结论]丹参酮B钠盐通过降低兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸而对抗脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

缺血/再灌注及预处理对糖尿病大鼠心肌梗死范围的影响

冠状动脉粥样硬化是糖尿病患者常见并发症。然而有关糖尿病心肌缺血/再灌注损伤变化特点的报道不多且相互矛盾。有人指出糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血后心功能恢复较正常鼠慢^[1];有人报道糖尿病动物对缺血耐受性更高^[2～4];还有人认为糖尿病及正常动物对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的反应无明显差别^[5].鉴于心肌结构改变影响心功能及心电,本工作通过观察心肌缺血/再灌注及缺血预处理(ischemia preconditioning,IP)对糖尿病大鼠心肌梗死范围的影响,了解糖尿病大鼠缺血/再灌注后心肌损害程度及心肌自身保护作用有否变化。     

三七花治疗高血压病的实验研究

[目的]本研究观察了传统中药三七花对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的血压干预,并初步探讨了其作用机制。[方法]以自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)为实验动物模型。以三七花温浸剂灌服作为干预措施,以松龄血脉康、硝苯地平作为对照。以血压、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、血栓素B₂(TXB₂)、6-酮-前列腺素F_1α(α6-keto-PGF_1α)含量作为观察研究指标。经每日给药,连续8周,期间以无创尾容积法测血压4次,全部给药结束后腹主动脉取血测相关指标。[结果]三七花温浸剂在一定剂量下对SHR具有一定的降压作用。并能降低血浆中ET-1和NO含量。[结论]三七花温浸剂对SHR具有降压作用,其作用机制可能通过改善血管内皮细胞功能,从而使血管收缩因子与血管舒张因子之间的协调趋于平衡有一定关系。     

芪玄益心胶囊对糖尿病大鼠缺血心室肌细胞动作电位及瞬时外向钾电流的影响

[目的]探讨芪玄益心胶囊对糖尿病(DM)大鼠急性缺血心肌瞬时外向钾电流的影响,从细胞通道水平探讨该药的治疗机制。[方法]以链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射致胰腺损伤合并舌下静脉注射垂体后叶素使冠状动脉收缩,建立DM急性心肌缺血动物模型,采用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录芪玄益心胶囊对单个大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位(AP)相关指标及对瞬时外向钾电流1(I_to1)的影响。[结果]芪玄益心胶囊高剂量组心室肌细胞动作电位相关指标、瞬时外向钾电流密度较模型组明显改善,同模型组比较具有显著意义(P<0.05)。[结论]芪玄益心胶囊能够加大I_to1的开放,并推测芪玄益心胶囊抗心肌缺血的作用与开放瞬时外向钾电流,改善动作电位,进而产生类似缺血预处理的心肌保护作用密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.