蚓激酶对实验动物兔脑循环的影响

目的研究蚓激酶对实验动物(兔)的脑循环(脑血流量和脑血管阻力)的影响。方法40只实验兔按体重随机分为空白对照组,蚓激酶小剂量组,蚓激酶大剂量组,尼莫地平片组,采用电磁流量计检测脑血流量,计算脑血管阻力,检测平均动脉压、心率,分别记录0,5,15,30,60m in时的指标变化。结果蚓激酶大剂量组在30,60m in时脑血流量显著增加,脑血管阻力降低。结论蚓激酶能增加脑血流量,降低脑血管阻力,从而改善脑循环。     

脑脉通冻干粉针剂改善脑缺血性麻醉犬脑循环的初步实验结果

目的：观察脑脉通冻干粉针剂对脑缺血性麻醉犬脑循环的影响。方法：将麻醉犬随机分为脑脉通高（4 mg/kg）、中（2 mg/kg）、低（1 mg/kg）剂量组,尼莫地平（0.2 mg/kg）组及阴性对照组（生理盐水）,每组6只。记录给药前及给药后5、10、15、30、60、90、120分钟脑血流量、血压和心率变化。结果：与给药前比较,脑脉通高剂量组麻醉犬在药后5分钟时,脑血管阻力开始降低（P〈0.05）,30分钟时,降幅达到最大值（P〈0.01）;脑血流量的增加亦出现在药后5分钟（P〈0.05）,30分钟时达到最高值（P〈0.01）。中剂量组麻醉犬在药后15和30分钟时,脑血管阻力明显降低;药后10、15、30、60分钟时的脑血流量均比用药前有明显增加（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。但与阴性对照组相比并无明显差异。本品对麻醉犬的血压和心率无明显影响。结论：适当剂量的脑脉通冻干粉针剂对脑循环可能有改善作用。     

蚓激酶胶囊对急性脑梗死患者脑循环动力学影响的临床研究

目的观察和研究蚓激酶胶囊治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对脑循环动力学的影响。方法采用随机、双盲和平行对照的方法,把82例患者分为对照组40例与蚓激酶胶囊组42例,同样接受脑梗死的基本治疗,而蚓激酶胶囊组加用蚓激酶胶囊。对2组治疗前、治疗后的脑神经功能缺损评分、脑循环动力学参数（CVDI）等进行对比。结果①神经功能缺损评分,蚓激酶胶囊组治疗前（10．85±3．26）与治疗后（5．04±1．89）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;对照组治疗前（10．62±3．28）与治疗后（6．12±1．76）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;蚓激酶胶囊组治疗有效率（90．50％）与对照组（77．5％）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②蚓激酶胶囊组病灶一侧CVDI中,脑血流量及血流速度治疗后[（4．26±1．26）ml／s;（9．98±1．82）cm／s]较治疗前[（4．13±1．46）ml／s;（7．12±1．63）cm／s]显著增加（P〈0．05）,较对照组治疗后[（4．62±1．26）ml／s;（9．26±1．58）em／s]亦有显著增加（P〈0．05）。脑血管外周阻力及临界压力蚓激酶胶囊组和对照组治疗后[（1826±258）Pa．s／m1;（6．02±1．84）kPa;（1926±253）Pa．s／ml;（7．03±1．43）kPa]较治疗前[（2132±323Pa．s／ml）,（7．26±1．68）kPa;（2058±278）Pa．s／ml,（7．84±1．36）kPa]明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论蚓激酶胶囊治疗急性脑梗死患者疗效好,能明显改善脑血流灌注,降低脑循环阻力,减少神经功能缺损,从而达到治疗脑梗死的目的,作为脑梗死的治疗药物安全有效。     

神龙脉通口服液对麻醉犬脑血流量及脑血管阻力的影响

目的:研究神龙脉通口服液对麻醉犬脑血流量和脑血管阻力的影响。方法:将30只犬随机分为空白对照组、神龙脉通低、中、高剂量组、尼莫地平组,十二指肠给药,用电磁流量计和生物医学信号采集处理系统检测颈总动脉血流量和动脉血压,分别于给药后10,20,30,60,90,120 min记录各指标并计算脑血流量和脑血管阻力。结果:神龙脉通口服液高、中、低剂量(1.97,3.94,7.88g·kg^-1)及尼莫地平片(3.2mg·kg^-1)均能显著增加麻醉犬的脑血流量（P<0.05,神龙脉通口服液高、中、低剂量自30 min开始起效,持续至120 min,尼莫地平片自30 min开始起效,持续至90 min）、降低脑血管阻力（P<0.05,神龙脉通口服液高、中剂量及尼莫地平片自30 min开始起效,持续至120 min,神龙脉通低剂量自30 min开始起效,持续至98min）。结论:神龙脉通口服液可通过增加脑血流量、降低脑血管阻力,改善脑血液循环。     

豨莶草胶囊对麻醉犬脑血流量及脑血管阻力影响的研究

目的:研究豨莶草胶囊对麻醉犬脑血流量(CBF)、脑血管阻力(CVR)、血压、心电图及心率的影响。方法:将犬结扎一侧颈外动脉及椎动脉,以电磁流量计测颈动脉血流量,以多道生理记录仪记录血压、心电图及心率的变化。结果:豨莶草胶囊可显著增加麻醉犬的CBF,降低CVR,但对麻醉犬的血压、心电图及心率无显著影响。结论:豨莶草胶囊可通过增加CBF及降低CVR,改善脑血液循环。     

注射用尼莫地平脂质体对麻醉犬脑循环的影响

目的:研究注射用尼莫地平脂质体对麻醉犬脑循环的影响。方法:36只犬随机分为6组,分别为对照组、溶媒组、尼莫地平脂质体0.3、0.15、0.075mg·kg~(-1)组和尼莫地平0.15mg·kg~(-1)组,静脉滴注给药,观察不同时间点脑血流量(CBF)、脑血管阻力(CVR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和心电图(ECG)的变化。结果:尼莫地平脂质体各剂量组均可明显增加麻醉犬CBF,降低CVR(P<0.01);0.3、0.15mg·kg~(-1)可引起麻醉犬MAP和HR下降,QT间期延长(P<0.05);等剂量(0.15mg·kg~(-1))的尼莫地平脂质体与尼莫地平相比,增加CBF作用相当,降低CVR的作用更强(P<0.01)。结论:尼莫地平脂质体能增加CBF,降低CVR和MAP;剂量大时有减慢HR、延长QT间期的作用。     

两种烟酸占替诺注射剂对兔脑循环的作用比较

目的对两种烟酸占替诺注射剂对兔脑循环的作用进行对比研究。方法用电磁流量计脑血流动力学测定方法,在8道生理记录仪上同步描记麻醉兔的平均血压(MBP)、心率(HR)、脑血流量(CBF)和脑血管阻力(CVR),比较脑脉康和脉栓通的作用。结果静脉注射脑脉康50～100mg·kg     

龙血竭总酚滴丸对犬脑血流量的影响

目的 观察龙血竭总酚滴丸对麻醉犬动脉血压、脑血流量及脑血管阻力的影响.方法 将36只犬均分为龙血竭总酚滴丸组(大、中、小剂量)、原料药组、阳性对照药(血塞通片)组及空白对照组.采用电磁流量计测定给药前、后各时间段的血压及椎动脉、颈内动脉的血流量,计算脑血流量及脑血管阻力.结果 龙血竭总酚滴丸能明显增加麻醉犬的脑血流量(P＜0.05),并且中剂量能有效降低脑血管阻力(P ＜0.05、P＜0.01).结论 龙血竭总酚滴丸对维持脑组织血液的灌流量有明显作用.     

心脑舒对犬脑血流量及脑血管阻力的影响

目的 观察心脑舒对犬脑血流量及脑血管阻力的影响.方法 采用电磁流量计测定方法,以川芎嗪为阳性对照药,测定并记录连续给药5d,术中十二指肠给药前后犬右侧颅内动脉和椎动脉血流量,观察心脑舒用药前后对脑血流量及脑血管阻力的影响.结果 川芎嗪及心脑舒2.11、1.05、0.53g/(kg·d)三个剂量组均具有增加脑血流量,降低脑血管阻力的作用.结论 心脑舒具有减少氧耗量,保护心脑血管和提高心脏功能的作用.     

Effects of losartan on cerebral and ocular circulation in healthy subjects

Aims The introduction of specific inhibitors of AT₁ receptors, such as losartan, has enabled the investigation of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in humans in vivo . We studied the role of the RAS in the cerebral and ocular circulation in healthy subjects. Haemodynamic effects of orally administered losartan were investigated with non-invasive methods.
Methods In a placebo-controlled randomized, double-blind two way crossover design losartan (100  mg orally) or placebo was administered in 10 healthy subjects. The effect of losartan was studied at hourly intervals for 8  h. In addition, the effect of losartan on haemodynamic changes induced by exogenous angiotensin II (Ang II) was assessed. Blood flow velocities in the ophthalmic and the middle cerebral artery (OA, MCA) were measured with Doppler sonography. Pulsatile choroidal blood flow was estimated with laser interferometric measurement of fundus pulsation.
Results Losartan significantly increased fundus pulsation amplitude (+11%, 95% CI: 5 to 16% P <0.0001), tended to increase resistive index in the ophthalmic artery (+12%, 95% CI: 0 to 23%) and tended to decrease mean arterial pressure (−15%, 95% CI: −23 to −1%). Ang II induced effects on cerebral, ocular and systemic haemodynamics were prevented by preceding administration of losartan.
Conclusions The present data suggest that Ang II is not a major determinant of cerebral and ocular blood flow in vivo . The observed changes in cerebral and ocular haemodynamic parameters after losartan administration reflect effects on systemic blood pressure.     

南苜蓿总皂苷对麻醉犬脑血流动力学的影响

目的:观察南苜蓿总皂苷对麻醉犬脑血流量、脑血管阻力的影响。方法:将36只麻醉犬随机分为6组,分别为南苜蓿总皂苷高、中、低剂量组、尼莫地平组、脑心通组、对照组,麻醉后股动脉插管,经压力换能器连接多导生理记录仪,颈总动脉连接电磁血流量计,按相应分组经十二指肠给药,测定给药前后的颈总动脉血流量、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率、呼吸次数等变化率,计算脑血流量和脑血管阻力。结果:南苜蓿总皂苷高剂量(0.42 g·kg^-1)能显著增加麻醉犬给药后40,50,70 min的脑血流量变化率并降低给药后40,50,70 min脑血管阻力变化率,同时降低给药后40,70 min的收缩压和舒张压变化率(P<0.05或P<0.01),对心率和呼吸次数无影响。结论:南苜蓿总皂苷通过增加脑血流量,降低脑血管阻力,降低血压,从而改善脑血流动力学指标,防治缺血性脑血管病。     

赛庚啶对心、脑、肾血流量的影响及对实验性脑血栓的影响

目的观察赛庚啶对大鼠脑血流量、心肌血流量及肾血流量的影响及其对以ADP、凝血酶、肾上腺素复合物为诱导剂的实验性脑血栓的影响。方法：放射性微球法。结果：赛庚啶iv2mg·kg(－1)可以使正常SD大鼠脑血流量增加28．6％，心肌血流量增加43．0％，肾皮质血流量增加45．6％，与对照组相比差异有显著性。ivlmg·kg(－1)可以抑制实验性脑血栓的形成。结论：赛庚啶可以改善心、脑、肾的血液循环。     

牛磺酸对急性局部脑缺血大鼠脑血流和脑梗死体积的影响

目的 :研究牛磺酸对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的局部脑血流和脑梗死体积的影响。方法 :用大脑中动脉栓塞 (MCAO)法制作大鼠急性局部脑缺血再灌注模型 ,分别用 10 ,4 0和 80mg·kg- 1牛磺酸经腹腔注射给药 ,检测缺血 1h和灌注 30min内脑血流 ,再灌注 2 4h后进行神经功能缺损评分并计算脑梗死体积的大小。结果 :MCAO引起大脑中动脉供血区脑血流显著下降 ,牛磺酸可减少脑血流量下降的幅度 ;缺血 1h再灌注 2 4h后 ,模型组脑梗死体积为 (33±s 9) % ,而牛磺酸治疗组脑梗死体积明显缩小 ,各组分别为 (17± 5 ) % ,(12± 5 ) %和 (11± 3) % ;牛磺酸治疗组神经缺损评分比模型组小。结论 :牛磺酸可以增加缺血局部的脑血流量 ,缩小脑梗死体积 ,对急性脑缺血具有脑保护作用。     

Characterization of angiotensin-II effects on cerebral and ocular circulation by noninvasive methods

Aims The role of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in the cerebral and ocular circulation is still a matter of controversy. In vitro and animal data lead to partially contradicting results. However, direct investigation of locally generated angiotensin II (Ang II) in humans is not possible in vivo. Hence, we hypothesised that it might be possible to characterize local effects of Ang II by comparing systemic and local haemodynamic parameters during exogenous Ang II infusion. Methods In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-way cross over study blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral and the ophthalmic artery and ocular fundus pulsations were measured during stepwise increasing doses of Ang II in 10 healthy subjects. Blood flow velocities were assessed by Doppler sonography, fundus pulsation amplitudes (FPA), which estimate local pulsatile ocular blood flow were measured by laser interferometry. Additionally, systemic blood pressure and pulse rate were measured. Results Ang II dose-dependently decreased resistive index (RI) and increased mean flow velocities (MFV) in both arteries. Fundus pulsation amplitude was dose-dependently decreased by Ang II, whereas mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly increased. Pulse pressure amplitude (PPA) was not affected by Ang II administration. There was a high degree of correlation between changes in RIs and the analogously calculated PPA/systolic blood pressure during Ang II infusion, which indicates that the changes in RI after Ang II administration can be attributed to changes in systemic haemodynamics. Calculation of total local ocular blood flow from fundus pulsation amplitudes and changes in flow pulsatility in the ophthalmic artery further argue against significant blood flow changes after Ang II administration. Conclusions Interpretation of data from Doppler sonography and laser interferometry must be done very carefully when concomitant changes in systemic haemodynamics occur. RI cannot necessarily be taken as an index of distal vascular resistance in these cases and changes in MFV can be caused by changes in vessel diameter or in blood flow. Moreover, FPA cannot be taken as a measure of ocular blood flow if no additional data on flow pulsatility are available. The combination of our systemic and local haemodynamic data indicates that cerebral and ocular circulation are comparably insensitive to changes in local Ang II concentrations. Fundus pulsation and blood flow velocity measurements indicate that neither choroidal nor optic nerve head blood flow are significantly affected by administration of Ang II.     

血塞通氯化钠注射液对脑血流量及血栓形成的影响

目的观察血塞通氯化钠注射液对脑血流量及血栓形成的影响。方法采用结扎颈外动脉的方法观察血塞通氯化钠注射液对犬脑血流量、血管阻力、血压、心率及心电图的影响,采用动静脉旁路血栓形成实验方法观察血塞通氯化钠注射液对大鼠颈总动脉-静脉旁路血栓形成的影响,采用动-静旁路血栓法观察血塞通氯化钠注射液对家兔溶栓作用的影响。结果静脉注射血塞通氯化钠注射液能增加犬脑组织血流量,降低脑血管阻力,与空白对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05,或P〈0.01）。血塞通氯化钠注射液可明显抑制大鼠动静脉血栓的形成,对家兔动静脉旁路形成的血栓可产生明显的溶栓作用,与空白对照组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05,或P〈0.01）。结论血塞通氯化钠注射液对颈内动脉血管有一定的扩张作用,能增加脑组织血流量,降低脑血管阻力,明显抑制动静脉血栓的形成,对动静脉旁路形成的血栓可产生明显的溶栓作用,从而改善脑血液循环,防治缺血性脑病。缺血性脑损伤     

尼莫地平鼻腔给药对犬脑血流动力学的影响

目的观察尼莫地平(NM)鼻腔给药对犬脑血流动力学的影响。方法采用电磁流量计检测犬静注、鼻腔和口服给药后脑血流量(CBF)的改变，并应用MFLab功能学科实验软件进行监测和数据处理。结果鼻腔、静注给药后CBF明显增加，而口服变异大。3种途径给药后CBF平均增长率分别为28.0%，26.4%和8.5%。鼻腔给药后起效稍慢于静注［(5±4) min vs (2.2±1.2) min］，但平均作用持续时间最长［(25±17) min］。结论鼻腔给药有望成为静注或口服NM的替代途径。     

赛庚啶对大鼠脑血流量及离体家兔基底动脉收缩的影响

赛庚啶对大鼠脑血流量及离体家兔基底动脉收缩的影响鞠敏王美纳刘俊田（西安医科大学药理学教研室，西安７１００６１）赛庚啶（ｃｙｐｒｏｈｅｐｔａｄｉｎｅ，Ｃｙｐ）为一哌啶类抗５－羟色胺及抗组胺药［１］在临床上已应用多年．近年来发现该药具有较强的钙通道阻滞作...