瘦素对实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清学指标的影响

目的研究瘦素对实验性大鼠肝脏纤维化进程是否有促进作用。方法雄性Wistar大鼠126只,随机分成8组。正常对照组不做处理;瘦素加四氯化碳Ⅰ-Ⅴ组采用40%四氯化碳蓖麻油溶液皮下注射,同时分别给予1.25、2.5、5、10、20ng/（kg.d）瘦素腹腔注射;四氯化碳造模组采用40%四氯化碳蓖麻油溶液皮下注射;瘦素组采用瘦素腹腔注射,生理盐水皮下注射。分别于第3、5周末检测血清肝功能指标、肝纤维化指标（透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽）的变化。结果瘦素加四氯化碳Ⅰ-Ⅴ组血清肝功能、肝纤维化血清学指标均异常变化（P〈0.05）;瘦素加四氯化碳Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组与四氯化碳造模组比较,各指标均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;部分瘦素加四氯化碳组之间也有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。瘦素组与正常对照组比较无显著差异。结论瘦素对大鼠肝纤维化的进程有促进作用,但不是一个独立的致肝纤维化因子。     

Effects of octreotide on expressions of leptin and obese receptor of experimental liver fibrosis in rats

目的 探讨奥曲肽(OCT)对实验性肝纤维化大鼠瘦素及功能性瘦素受体(OB-Rb)表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠54只,随机分为3组:正常组、模型组、OCT组.采用四氯化碳(CCl4)复合因素建立肝纤维化模型,实验开始后分别于第2、4、6周随机采集标本,测定血清肝功能、瘦素及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,检测肝纤维化大鼠肝组织瘦素及OB-Rb的表达情况.结果 与正常组比较,模型组和OCT组大鼠血清肝功能下降,瘦素及TGF-β1水平增高,肝组织瘦素及OB-Rb表达增强,且随着时间的增加表现明显;OCT组与模型组同时相比较,OCT组肝功能下降程度、瘦素及TGF-β1水平增高程度较小,病理改变较轻,肝组织瘦素及OB-Rb的表达水平较低.结论 OCT可在一定程度上改善肝功能,延缓肝纤维化的进展,其机制可能是OCT通过抑制瘦素及OB-Rb的表达而影响TGF-β1水平,进而延缓肝纤维化的进展.     

奥曲肽对实验性肝纤维化大鼠瘦素及功能性瘦素受体表达的影响

目的探讨奥曲肽(OCT)对实验性肝纤维化大鼠瘦素及功能性瘦素受体(OB-Rb)表达的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠54只,随机分为3组:正常组、模型组、OCT组。采用四氯化碳(CCl4)复合因素建立肝纤维化模型,实验开始后分别于第2、4、6周随机采集标本,测定血清肝功能、瘦素及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,检测肝纤维化大鼠肝组织瘦素及OB-Rb的表达情况。结果与正常组比较,模型组和OCT组大鼠血清肝功能下降,瘦素及TGF-β1水平增高,肝组织瘦素及OB-Rb表达增强,且随着时间的增加表现明显;OCT组与模型组同时相比较,OCT组肝功能下降程度、瘦素及TGF-β1水平增高程度较小,病理改变较轻,肝组织瘦素及OB-Rb的表达水平较低。结论 OCT可在一定程度上改善肝功能,延缓肝纤维化的进展,其机制可能是OCT通过抑制瘦素及OB-Rb的表达而影响TGF-β1水平,进而延缓肝纤维化的进展。     

活血渗湿2号方抗肝纤维化的实验研究

目的 :探讨活血渗湿 2号方对实验性肝纤维化大鼠的疗效。方法 :利用四氯化碳制备肝纤维化大鼠模型 ,设模型对照组和活血渗湿 2号方治疗组、γ-干扰素阳性对照组 ,与正常大鼠比较肝功能、血清透明质酸 ,并通过光镜观察肝组织病理变化和肝纤维化程度。结果 :活血渗湿 2号方治疗组大鼠肝功能改善 ,血清透明质酸显著降低 , 、 型胶原纤维增生明显改善 ,与模型组比较差异均有显著性意义 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :活血渗湿 2号方可改善实验性肝纤维化大鼠胶原纤维的增生 ,具有抗肝纤维化作用。     

食用白酒对实验性肝脏纤维化TGF-β1信号转导影响的研究

目的:研究食用白酒(贵州茅台酒)对实验性大鼠肝纤维化TGF-β1信号转导影响的研究,来探讨食用白酒(贵州茅台酒)对肝脏纤维化的影响。方法:79只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为:(1)正常对照组(n=9);(2)茅台酒四氯化碳组(n=12);(3)乙醇四氯化碳组(n=13);(4)茅台酒组(n=14);(5)乙醇组(n=16);(6)四氯化碳造模组(n=15);实验第四周和第八周末分批处死动物40只、37只,取血和肝脏,分别行血清肝功能、肝纤维化检测、HE染色评估肝纤维化程度、免疫组化法检测肝组织中TGFβ1水平。结果:乙醇四氯化碳组和茅台酒四氯化碳组间LN差别有显著性意义(P<0.05);在第八周末,茅台酒四氯化碳组的PCⅢ与四氯化碳造模组差别有显著性意义(P<0.05)。对血清LN、PCⅢ、肝脏TGF-β1表达的影响,茅台酒组和乙醇组相比较,P<0.05。结论:茅台酒没有显著增加TGF-β1的表达,对肝脏纤维化的发展有一定的抑制作用,同乙醇相比,茅台酒可以延缓四氯化碳造成的纤维化损伤。     

卡托普利对肝纤维化大鼠肝功能及肝组织α-SMA、Ⅰ型胶原的影响

目的:观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI)类药物卡托普利对肝纤维化大鼠肝功能的调节作用,探究其抗肝纤维化的分子机制.方法:采用四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导肝纤维化大鼠动物模型,并应用卡托普利进行治疗,于20周末采集大鼠肝组织及腹主动脉血.观察肝脏组织学变化,采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)水平;分别采用RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检测大鼠肝组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(collagenⅠ)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)的mRNA和蛋白表达变化.结果:(1)模型组大鼠血清AST、ALT与对照组相比升高(P=0.000),与模型组比较,ACEI高、中剂量组血清ALT表达水平均降低(P=0.000;P=0.010),ACEI高剂量组血清AST表达水平降低(P=0.032).(2)模型组大鼠肝组织Collagen-Ⅰ和α-SMA mRNA和蛋白表达较对照组均升高(P=0.000),与模型组比较,ACEI各治疗组上述指标表达水平均降低(P=0.000).结论:卡托普利能够改善肝纤维化大鼠的肝功能,缓解肝纤维化程度,该作用与其抑制HSC的激活并下调肝组织Collagen I和α-SMA的表达水平有关.     

大鼠肝纤维化过程中miR-141表达的变化

目的:探讨微小RNA-200家族成员中微小RNA-141(miR-141)在大鼠肝纤维化过程的表达变化及其作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为正常对照组及肝纤维化组。皮下注射60%CCl4制备肝纤维化模型,分别在造模4周、8周末处死大鼠,测定肝脏指数、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的含量并观察肝组织结构改变。实时荧光定量PCR方法测定各组大鼠肝组织中miR-141的表达水平。结果:造模不同时间肝纤维化组大鼠肝脏指数、血清ALT和AST活性均显著高于相应正常对照组(P<0.01)。病理学观察发现造模4周大鼠肝脏纤维结缔组织明显增多,且随时间增长纤维化病变逐步加重,在肝纤维化8周组大鼠肝脏中有明显假小叶形成。Real time-PCR结果显示,大鼠肝脏miR-141水平肝纤维化4周组较相应对照组明显降低(P<0.01),肝纤维化8周组明显高于相应正常对照组(P<0.01)及肝纤维化4周组(P<0.01)。结论:研究表明CCl4诱导大鼠肝脏miR-141的表达水平有明显的改变,提示肝脏miR-141可能通过某种机制参与了大鼠肝纤维化的发生发展。     

复方丹参滴丸抗大鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的 观察复方丹参滴丸对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的治疗效果,探讨其作用机制。方法 将Wistar大鼠40只随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、甘草甜素组、复方丹参滴丸组,除正常对照组外,其余3组均用四氯化碳诱发大鼠肝纤维化,第8周末处死动物,用放射免疫法检测血清透明质酸、层粘连蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原和血清谷丙转氨酶、胆红素、白蛋白、球蛋白含量;肝组织切片染色在HE显微镜下观察。结果复方丹参滴丸组减轻肝纤维化大鼠肝脏的病理改变,降低血清中透明质酸、层粘连蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原及Ⅳ型胶原的含量,改善大鼠肝功能;减轻肝纤维化程度,与甘草甜素组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05—0．01）。结论 复方丹参滴丸有减轻大鼠实验性肝纤维化反应、增强机体抗肝纤维化损伤能力的作用。     

酪酪肽对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的 观察酪酪肽对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的治疗效果,并探讨可能的作用机制,同时,与干扰素和善宁的治疗效果进行对比.方法 用腹部皮下注射四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型.将实验动物随机分为正常对照组、模型组、γ-干扰素治疗组、善宁治疗组、酪酪肽治疗组.连续用药4周.取血分别作肝功能指标及肝纤维化指标的检测.取部分肝组织HE染色法组织切片观察肝脏病理组织学变化,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织转化生长因子(TGFβ1)的表达.结果 各组大鼠血清肝功能指标和肝纤维化指标经t检验后发现,酪酪肽治疗组TBIL、HA及LN与模型组相比,P<0.05,有统计学意义.酪酪肽可以降低肝纤维化积分,并且降低TGFβ1的表达.结论 酪酪肽可以起到抗肝纤维化的作用,并可能通过下调TGFβ1而发挥其作用.     

葛根及虫草菌粉对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的:研究葛根及虫草菌粉对肝纤维化大鼠肝功能和肝纤维化指标及肝脏指数的影响.方法:将50只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、葛根组、虫草组及联合组,采用40％四氯化碳(CCl4)每周2次皮下注射6周制作大鼠肝纤维化模型,各治疗组经灌胃给药6周后在麻醉状态下采血并检测血清肝功能和肝纤维化指标,分离肝脏,称湿重并计算肝脏指数.结果:与模型组比较各治疗组肝纤维化程度明显减轻,葛根能非常显著改善肝纤四项指标、白蛋白(ALB)和谷草转氨酶(AST)(P＜0.01或0.05),但谷丙转氨酶(ALT)降低及肝脏指数增加不明显(P＞0.05);虫草组肝纤四项亦有非常显著的降低(P＜0.01),肝功能有改善的趋势,肝脏指数明显增加(P＜0.05).结论:葛根及虫草菌粉对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏具有一定的保护作用.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.