105例儿童注意缺陷多动障碍治疗探讨

目的为探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的治疗和预后情况。方法总结2002年3月至2004年9月我院特色门诊诊治的105例ADHD患儿,用哌甲酯(利他林)口服,结合心理社会干预多向治疗。结果85%~90%有效。结论早期诊断,早期多向治疗对ADHD患儿的心身发展和提高学习成绩具有重要作用。     

应用视觉诱发电位诊断儿童注意缺陷多动障碍

目的 探讨闪光视觉诱发电位（Flash Visual Evoked Potential,FVEP)诊断儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,ADHD)的临床价值。方法 对45例符合美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第四版诊断标准（DSM－IV）的ADHD患儿（年龄6.5-13岁）进行FVEP检查，观察其主动注意状态下波幅的变化，并与44例正常儿童对照。结果 ADHD组FVEP NI-P2、P2-N2波幅显著低于对照组（P＜0.01)。FVEP与DSM－IV的诊断符合率93.33%。结论 FVEP是一种客观有效的ADHD辅助诊断方法。     

学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍儿童行为问题的研究

目的分析学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍（ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD）儿童的行为问题。方法对82例ADHD儿童和82例正常组儿童进行对照研究,应用Conner’s儿童行为父母问卷及CBCL（ Children Behavior Check List）对所有受试者进行行为评定。结果Conner’s父母问卷和CBCL评定量表中,ADHD组在品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动和多动指数、攻击性、多动因子得分和总分分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论学龄期ADHD儿童大多伴有行为问题,应重视早期干预和治疗。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童运动干预的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童最常见的发育障碍之一,许多学者提出将运动干预作为治疗ADHD儿童的一种辅助手段。本文对有氧和非有氧运动在ADHD儿童中的应用及运动干预ADHD儿童的优势进行综述,旨在为临床上治疗和管理ADHD儿童提供参考。     

中药结合针灸治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍

本文简要阐述儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的病机病因,行为治疗及中西医治疗方法。董氏儿科经过几代人的创新发展,在辨证的基础上采用中药汤剂加上穴位针灸治疗,具有疗效好,副作用小的特点,适宜在社区进行开展。     

整合法治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍43例

目的比较整合式治疗方法和单纯药物治疗对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的临床疗效。方法将86例ADHD患儿均分为研究组和对照组,研究组采用整合式方法治疗,对照组单纯使用传统药物速释哌甲酯片（利他林）治疗。两组分别在治疗后3月和6月时进行conners儿童行为问卷的48项家长用症状问卷（PSQ）和28项教师用症状评定量表（TRS）评定。结果研究组治疗后3月和6月的总有效率分别为88．37％和100．00％,对照组分别为69．77％和79．07％,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用整合式方法治疗ADHD比单纯药物治疗更能有效改善儿童ADHD的症状,临床应推广使用该方法。     

儿童虐待与注意缺陷多动障碍

目的:探索注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患儿与正常儿童相比受到虐待的频率差异及其相关的独立危险因素.方法:2018年6月至2020年1月采用SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表(父母版)、自编的儿童虐待问卷及自编的人口学资料问卷对140例ADHD患儿及13...     

小儿智力糖浆治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效观察

目的 观察中药小儿智力糖浆治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的疗效.方法 将40例ADHD患儿随机分成两组.治疗组(20例)给予小儿智力糖浆口服;对照组(20例)给予利他林口服治疗.治疗12周进行疗效、药物不良反应等方面比较.结果 两组在临床疗效上无显著差异,药物不良反应有显著差异.结论 中药小儿智力糖浆治疗儿童ADHD的疗效显著,不良反应少.     

儿童注意缺陷、多动障碍的药物治疗

注意缺陷、多动障碍 (ADHD)是儿童期最为常见的一种心理行为疾病 ,药物治疗是ADHD主要的治疗方法之一。中枢兴奋药是治疗ADHD最常用的药物 ,作用快、疗效好 ,且不良反应较少。可乐定和抗抑郁剂也有较好的治疗效果 ,可乐定主要适用于伴抽动或情绪异常的ADHD病儿 ,而抗抑郁剂多用于伴抑郁或焦虑的ADHD病儿 ,但不良反应较明显。本文还介绍了近年来出现的一些治疗AD HD的新药     

Use of moclobemide in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A monoamine oxidase hypothesis for the cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has recently been established (Shekim et al. 1986). To test this, moclobemide, a new and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A, was administered to 12 children between the ages of 6 and 13 years, diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactive according to DSM III-R, in a 4-week study. All had previously discontinued treatment with methylphenidate due to side-effects. A 40% improvement in parental assessment of children's behaviour occurred among those who received moclobemide as outpatients, and a 31% improvement among the five in-patients. There was a general increase in concentration and attention span at the end of the trial, but mood changes and explosive behaviour continued to be present at a low level. Brain mapping after moclobemide treatment showed an overall reduction in frontal lobe delta activity. Moclobemide was well tolerated by these patients, although two complained of mild gastrointestinal disturbances during the first week of therapy.     

儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的诊断与治疗

儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍是一种影响终身的慢性神经精神疾病,儿童具有注意缺陷或多动、冲动等 6 条以上症状,至少已持续 6 个月方可诊断。诊断时注意与儿童其他疾病的鉴别。该病的治疗必须药物、行为矫治并重,对家长的培训和学校干预也应并重。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的“肾系”病机研究

目的:在全面分析临床资料的基础上揭示注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的中医证候规律和病机核心。方法:采取横断面回顾性研究方法,对符合研究标准的170例初次就诊的ADHD患儿进行6个方面的临床因素调查和分析。结果:中医证型分布显示以肾精不足、脑髓失养型为主,而无证可辨型与肾虚肝旺、阴虚阳亢型所占比例相当;中医证型分布与疾病严重程度呈显著正相关趋势(P<0.01);西医亚型与中医证型分布呈显著正相关趋势(P<0.01)。结论:ADHD病位在脑,核心病机是肾虚、脑髓不充、发育落后;中医证候分型可能与西医亚型有特定对应关系;在"肾系"辨证中,与先天不足关系最为密切的ADHD两类证型:肾精不足、脑髓失养型和肾虚肝旺、阴虚阳亢型之间可能并非是平行的关系,而是一种具有逻辑顺序的前后发展关系,而最早期有可能表现为无证可辨型,在同一脏腑体系中(本研究即"肾系")各证型间的转化趋势体现了本病的中医证候变化规律。     

Effects of methylphenidate on multiple components of attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Rationale Methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of attention deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although a variety of studies have been performed, there is little available information as to which components of attentional functioning are disturbed in ADHD.Objectives The aim of the present study was to monitor the effect of MPH on various measures of attention in children with ADHD.Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, the attentional functioning of 58 children diagnosed with ADHD without psychiatric comorbidity was examined. Assessment of attention was performed on their usual MPH treatment and following withdrawal of the drug. Furthermore, the attentional performance of 58 healthy children was assessed. The test battery consisted of reaction time tasks, including measures of alertness, vigilance, divided attention, flexibility, and aspects of selective attention such as focused attention, inhibition, and integration of sensory information.Results In comparison to the test performance of healthy children, children with ADHD displayed impairments of vigilance, divided attention, flexibility, and aspects of selective attention including focused attention, inhibition, and integration of sensory information. Statistical comparison of attentional functioning of children with ADHD on and off MPH treatment revealed that the medication resulted in an improved task accuracy regarding vigilance, divided attention, inhibition, focused attention, integration of sensory information, and flexibility. Conclusion The present findings indicate that various aspects of attention are markedly impaired in children with ADHD. Treatment with MPH was accompanied by improvements in attention functions of small to moderate sizes. Although MPH-induced improvements were observed in a broad range of attention measures, children with ADHD who were on MPH treatment nevertheless displayed serious deficits in a number of components of attention.     

InforMatrix for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The purpose of this review is to facilitate discussion on drug selection for the treatment of ADHD by using only clinically relevant selection criteria and providing an up-to-date overview. The InforMatrix method was used to select drugs to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The following selection criteria were applied: clinical efficacy, safety, tolerability, ease of use, applicability, and cost. The drugs approved for ADHD in the Netherlands were included in the analysis, namely: atomoxetine, immediate-release methylphenidate, and various formulations of slow-release methylphenidate (Concerta, Equasym and Medikinet). Most studies are of limited quality, duration, and size. In one study, Concerta was more effective than atomoxetine. Although no relevant differences were seen in other comparative studies, the clinical experience with atomoxetine is still limited and unexpected toxicity cannot be excluded; few studies have been published with Equasym and Medikinet. No major differences were seen in general tolerability between the drugs. The ease of use of immediate-release methylphenidate is less than for the other drugs. The acquisition cost of immediate-release methylphenidate is considerably lower than that of the slow-release formulations. Atomoxetine is the most expensive drug. The InforMatrix program is available in an interactive format. It enables the user to judge both the importance of the selection criteria and the properties of each therapeutic option per criterion on the basis of his or her own personal expertise and/or the present document.     

Dexmethylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Background: Dexmethylphenidate is a single-isomer stimulant medication approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Single-isomer drugs have the potential for decreased undesired effects and improved therapeutic efficacy. Stimulant medications have been the mainstay treatments for ADHD for fifty years, and ability to reduce their adverse effects would be useful in promoting patient compliance with treatment. Objective: To review the literature on the safety and efficacy of dexmethylphenidate. Methods: MedLine, PubMed search of dexmethylphenidate research. Results/conclusions: Dexmethylphenidate is a safe and effective treatment for ADHD. Its overall safety and tolerability profile is similar to other members of the psychostimulant class.     

Inositol may worsin attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity

Antidepressant drugs have been reported to improve ADDH symtomatology. Myoinositol is a simple isomer of glucose and is the precursor of the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system in brain. Both α₁-adrenergic and 5HT₂ receptors activate this second messenger system. Recently, we found inositol to be effective in depression. Therefore we decided to evaluate the effects of oral inositol in children with ADDH in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled manner. Eleven children, mean age 8.9 ± 3.6 years with a mean illness duration of 4.5 ± 2.8 years were enrolled in an 8-week trial. Inositol or dextrose (placebo) was dispensed in powder form at a dose of 200 mg/kg aggravation of the syndrome with myo-inositol as compared to placebo.     

沙盘游戏治疗注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的临床价值研究

目的 探讨沙盘游戏对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的治疗价值及临床意义.方法 68例ADHD患儿,根据治疗意愿不同分为研究组与对照组,各34例.研究组进行为期12周的沙盘游戏治疗,对照组不接受沙盘游戏治疗.比较两组治疗前后Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)评分、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)评分.结果 ...