Case study: a young male with auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia

PURPOSE. The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate use of the nursing process and the standardized nursing languages of NANDA International (NANDA‐I), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) to assist a young male with paranoid schizophrenia to deal with auditory hallucinations. DATA SOURCES. Data were obtained from the experience and expertise of the author and published literature. DATA SYNTHESIS. This case study demonstrates nurses' clinical decision making in providing care for an adolescent with mental illness. CONCLUSION. This case study provides the pertinent nursing diagnosis, patient outcomes, and nursing interventions for a young male with auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING. The use of NANDA‐I, NOC, and NIC can provide the necessary framework for enhancing and improving the management of care with patients who experience auditory hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia.     

Recurrent pain symptoms in young schoolchildren are often multiple

Different recurrent pain symptoms in children have mainly been investigated separately and comprehensive studies exploring the relationship between several of the most common recurrent pain symptoms simultaneously are few. The present study investigated frequency and co-occurrence of recurrent headache, stomach-ache, and backache in young schoolchildren (6-13 years of age). A randomized cluster sample of 1155 children from grades 0 to 6 completed a questionnaire; the youngest children helped by their parent. The results showed that 2/3 of the children reported having pain at least once every month, 1/3 at least once a week, and 6% reported experiencing pain symptoms every day. Half of the children with recurrent pain symptoms reported pain symptoms from several body locations, and, in children with weekly pain symptoms, two out of three reported multiple pain. Multiple, but not single, pain symptoms became more prevalent with age. The only difference between girls and boys was a higher prevalence of multiple weekly pain symptoms in girls. In conclusion, this study shows that a great number of young schoolchildren suffer from frequently recurring and co-occurring pain symptoms, indicating an urgent need for preventive and curative programs starting already in the first school years. Furthermore, the high prevalence of multiple symptoms indicates that recurrent pain symptoms in children, particularly frequent symptoms, should be regarded a potential general pain disorder rather than merely a localized body disorder.     

A young Indian male with abdominal pain

A young man with abdominal pain who had radiopaque tablets in his gut is described. Investigations showed the diagnosis of lead poisoning from ayurvedic medicines.