Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Background In the United States, the most frequently performed bariatric procedure is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Worldwide, the most common operation performed is the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB). The expanding use of LAGB is probably driven by the encouraging data on its safety and effectiveness, in contrast to the disappointing morbidity and mortality rates reported for RYGB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of LAGB versus RYGB at a single institution. Methods Between November 2000 and July 2004, 590 bariatric procedures were performed. Of these, 120 patients (20%) had laparoscopic RYGB and 470 patients (80%) had LAGB. A retrospective review was performed. Results In the LAGB group, 376 patients (80%) were female, and the mean age was 41 years (range, 17–65). In the RYGB group, 110 patients (91%) were female, and the mean age was 41 years (range, 20–61). Preoperative body mass index was 47 ± 8 and 46 ± 5, respectively (p = not significant). Operative time and hospitalization were significantly shorter in LAGB patients (p < 0.001). Complications and the need for reoperation were comparable in both groups. Weight loss at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months for LAGB and RYGB was 39 ± 21 versus 65 ± 13, 39 ± 20 versus 62 ± 17, 45 ± 25 versus 67 ± 8, and 55 ± 20 versus 63 ± 9, respectively. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that LAGB is a simpler, less invasive, and safer procedure than RYGB. Although mean percentage excess body weight loss (%EBWL) in RYGB patients increased rapidly during the first postoperative year, it remained nearly unchanged at 3 years. In contrast, in LAGB patients weight loss was slower but steady, achieving satisfactory %EBWL at 3 years. Therefore, we believe that LAGB should be considered the initial approach since it is safer than RYGB and is very effective at achieving weight loss.     

Laparoscopic gastric bypass versus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: a comparative study of 1,200 cases

BACKGROUND: Indications for and results of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB) are still controversial, especially between Europe and the United States. The recent availability of gastric bandings in the United States made it necessary to compare the two techniques. STUDY DESIGN: We compared a series of 456 LGB to a series of 805 LAGB performed in two different institutions. Body mass index (BMI), complication rate, mortality, and excess weight loss (EWL) after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months were obtained. A Fischer's exact test and a Student t test with covariance analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results are expressed as a mean +/- standard deviation, comparing LGB with LAGB. Preoperative BMI was 49.4 +/- 8.3 kg/m(2) versus 42.2 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2) (p = 0.0001), respectively. Perioperative major complication rates were 2.0% versus 1.3% (NS), and the early postoperative major complication rates were 4.2% versus 1.7% (p = 0.02), respectively. Mortality rate was 0.4% versus 0% (NS), respectively.The global EWL was 36.3% for LGB versus 14.7% for LAGB at 3 months (p < 0.0001), 51.6% versus 21.9% at 6 months (p < 0.0001), 67.0% versus 33.3% at 12 months (p < 0.0001), and 74.6% versus 40.4% at 18 months (p < 0.0001), respectively. Longterm followup for the LAGB group showed an EWL of 47% at 2 years, 56% at 3 years, and 58% at 4 years.Patients were sorted after their preoperative BMI (30 to 40, 40 to 50, and 50 to 60 kg/m(2)). The EWL at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months was statistically superior in the LGB group, for any BMI ranges. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that LGB provides a higher EWL at 18 months, compared with LAGB, and this was true for any preoperative BMI range. It is associated with a higher early postoperative complication rate.     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 5-year results of a prospective randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: To perform a prospective, randomized comparison of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). METHODS: LAGB, using the pars flaccida technique, and standard LRYGB were performed. From January 2000 to November 2000, 51 patients (mean age 34.0 +/- 8.9 years, range 20-49) were randomly allocated to undergo either LAGB (n = 27, 5 men and 22 women, mean age 33.3 years, mean weight 120 kg, mean body mass index [BMI] 43.4 kg/m(2); percentage of excess weight loss 83.8%) or LRYGB (n = 24, 4 men and 20 women, mean age 34.7, mean weight 120 kg, mean BMI 43.8 kg/m(2), percentage of excess weight loss 83.3). Data on the operative time, complications, reoperations with hospital stay, weight, BMI, percentage of excess weight loss, and co-morbidities were collected yearly. Failure was considered a BMI of >35 at 5 years postoperatively. The data were analyzed using Student's t test and Fisher's exact test, with P <.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 60 +/- 20 minutes for the LAGB group and 220 +/- 100 minutes for the LRYGB group (P <.001). One patient in the LAGB group was lost to follow-up. No patient died. Conversion to laparotomy was performed in 1 (4.2%) of 24 LRYGB patients because of a posterior leak of the gastrojejunal anastomosis. Reoperations were required in 4 (15.2%) of 26 LAGB patients, 2 because of gastric pouch dilation and 2 because of unsatisfactory weight loss. One of these patients required conversion to biliopancreatic diversion; the remaining 3 patients were on the waiting list for LRYGB. Reoperations were required in 3 (12.5%) of the 24 LRYGB patients, and each was because of a potentially lethal complication. No LAGB patient required reoperation because of an early complication. Of the 27 LAGB patients, 3 had hypertension and 1 had sleep apnea. Of the 24 LRYGB patients, 2 had hyperlipemia, 1 had hypertension, and 1 had type 2 diabetes. Five years after surgery, the diabetes, sleep apnea, and hyperlipemia had resolved. At the 5-year (range 60-66 months) follow-up visit, the LRYGB patients had significantly lower weight and BMI and a greater percentage of excess weight loss than did the LAGB patients. Weight loss failure (BMI >35 kg/m(2) at 5 yr) was observed in 9 (34.6%) of 26 LAGB patients and in 1 (4.2%) of 24 LRYGB patients (P <.001). Of the 26 patients in the LAGB group and 24 in the LRYGB group, 3 (11.5%) and 15 (62.5%) had a BMI of <30 kg/m(2), respectively (P <.001). CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that LRYGB results in better weight loss and a reduced number of failures compared with LAGB, despite the significantly longer operative time and life-threatening complications.     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 10-year results of a prospective,randomized trial

BackgroundThere are few studies of long-term outcomes for either laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of patients randomly assigned to undergo LAGB or LRYGB at 10 years.MethodsLAGB, using the pars flaccida technique, and standard LRYGB were performed. From January 2000 to November 2000, 51 patients (mean age 34.0 ± 8.9 years; range 20–49) were randomly allocated to undergo either LAGB (n = 27, 5 men and 22 women; mean age 33.3 years; mean weight 120 kg; mean body mass index [BMI] 43.4 kg/m²) or LRYGB (n = 24, 4 men and 20 women; mean age 34.7; mean weight 120 kg; mean BMI 43.8 kg/m²). Data on complications, reoperations, weight, BMI, percentage of excess weight loss, and co-morbidities were collected yearly. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test and Fisher’s exact test, with P<.05 considered significant.ResultsFive patients in the LAGB group and 3 patients in the LRYGB group were lost to follow-up. No patient died. Conversion to laparotomy was performed in 1 (4.2%) of 24 LRYGB patients. Reoperations were required in 9 (40.9%) of 22 LAGB patients and in 6 (28.6%) of the 21 LRYGB patients. At 10-year follow-up, the LRYGB patients had a greater percentage of mean excess weight loss than did the LAGB patients (69±29% versus 46±27%; P = .03).ConclusionLRYGB was superior to LAGB in term of excess weight loss results (76.2% versus 46.2%) at 10 years. However, LRYGB exposes patients to higher early complication rates than LAGB (8.3% versus 0%) and potentially lethal long-term surgical complications (internal hernia and bowel obstruction rate: 4.7%).     

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case-control study and 3 years of follow-up

BackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a popular surgical procedure among bariatric surgeons. Few studies have compared the efficacy of the procedure to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). We performed a case-control study to assess the surgical results, weight progression, and remission of co-morbid conditions.MethodsFrom January 2006 to September 2009, we selected 811 patients undergoing LSG as a primary procedure. These patients were matched by age, body mass index, and gender to 786 patients undergoing LRYGB. The complication rate, mortality, and percentage of excess weight loss after 1, 2, and 3 years were analyzed.ResultsThe mean age for the LRYGB and LSG groups was 37.0 ± 10.3 and 36.4 ± 11.7 years, respectively (P = .120). Most of the patients were women (LRYGB 76.6% versus LSG 76.2%; P = .855). The preoperative body mass index before surgery was similar in both groups (LRYGB 38.0 ± 3.2 versus LSG 37.9 ± 4.6 kg/m²; P = .617). The mean operative time was longer for LRYGB (106.2 ± 33.2 versus 76.6 ± 28.0 min; P <.001), and the hospital stay was longer for LRYGB (3.4 ± 4.4 versus 2.8 ± .8 for LSG; P <.001). The early complication rate was 7.1% for LRYGB and 2.9% for LSG (P <.001), and the suture leak rate was .7% for LRYGB and .5% for LSG (P = NS). The percentage of excess weight loss for LRYGB versus LSG at 1, 2, and 3 years was 97.2% ± 24.3% versus 86.4% ± 26.4% (P <.001), 94.6% ± 30.2% versus 84.1% ± 28.3% (P <.001), and 93.1% ± 25.0% versus 86.8% ± 27.1% (P = .082), respectively. The total cholesterol level at 1 year for LRYGB versus LSG was 169.0 ± 32.9 versus 193.6 ± 38.7 mg/dL, respectively (P <.001), and the rate of diabetes remission was similar in both groups (LRYGB 86.6% versus LSG 90.9%).ConclusionLSG has become an acceptable primary bariatric procedure for obesity, with results comparable to LRYGB in this population.     

Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the United States

Background

Although laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are the most common bariatric procedures performed in the past decade, little is known about their long-term (>5?years) outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective outcome study investigated 148 consecutive patients from a single practice who underwent LAGB from November 2000 to March 2002. The group was matched with 175 consecutive patients who underwent LRYGB from June 2000 to March 2005. Follow-up data for 5?years or longer was available for 127 LAGB patients (86%) and 105 LRYGB patients (60%).

Results

After an initial 4?years of progressive weight loss, body mass index (BMI) loss stabilized at 5–7?years at approximately 15?kg/m² for the LRYGB patients and at about 9?kg/m² for the LAGB patients with band in place (P?P?P?P?Conclusions Over the long term, LRYGB had an approximate reduction of 15?kg/m² BMI and 60% EWL, a significantly better outcome than LAGB patients experienced with band intact. The main issue with LAGB was its 50% failure rate in the long term, as defined by poor weight loss and percentage of band removal. Nevertheless, LAGB had a remarkably safe course, and it may therefore be considered for motivated and informed patients.     

Pregnancy after laparoscopic bariatric surgery: comparative study of adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

BackgroundApproximately 80% of patients undergoing bariatric surgery are women, and about one half of these are of reproductive age. The purpose of the present study was to compare laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in a series of morbidly obese women with respect to maternal and neonatal outcomes at a university hospital in France.MethodsFrom January 2004 to December 2008, the data from women who had undergone LAGB or LRYGB at our center and were pregnant were collected, including age, parity, gravidity, weight, body mass index (BMI) before surgery and at scheduled intervals after surgery (1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 mo and yearly thereafter), interval from surgery to conception, weight and BMI at conception, weight and weight gain during pregnancy, weight and BMI at 2 weeks after pregnancy, complications during pregnancy, gestational age, method of delivery, fetal birth weight, and fetal outcome.ResultsThere were 42 pregnancies in 36 women, 22 in women who had undergone LAGB and 20 who had undergone LRYGB. The LAGB and LRYGB groups were comparable for all analyzed variables, except that the preoperative weight and BMI were greater in the LRYGB group. No differences in weight or BMI were found at conception or after pregnancy. No difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes. A high frequency of cesarean deliveries was necessary in both groups.ConclusionsThe results of the present study have shown that no significant difference exists in the obstetric and birth outcomes between women who have undergone LRYGB and those who have undergone LAGB.     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity: A single-institution comparison study of early results

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are common surgical procedures for morbid obesity, but few studies have compared LRYGB and LAGB. All patients who underwent LRYGB and LAGB by a single surgeon at Legacy Health System were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Preoperatively, most patients were allowed to choose between LRYGB and LAGB. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), complications, mortality, and weight loss were examined. From October 2000 to November 2003, 219 patients underwent LRYGB and 154 patients underwent LAGB. Mean preoperative BMI was 49.5 ± 6.6 and 50.9 ± 9.4 kg/m2, respectively (P = 0.10). Mean age was 42 ± 9 and 47 < 11 years (P < 0.001). The LAGB group had a higher proportion of male patients (21% versus 7%, P < 0.001). Patients undergoing LRYGB had longer operative times (134 versus 76 minutes, P < 0.001), more blood loss (43 versus 28 ml, P < 0.01), and longer hospital stays (2.6 versus 1.3 days, P < 0.001). Excess weight loss was 35% for LRYGB versus 19% for LAGB at 3-month follow-up (P < 0.001), 49% versus 25% at 6 months (P < 0.001), 64% versus 36% at 12 months (P < 0.001), 70% versus 45% at 24 months (P < 0.001), and 60% versus 57% at 36 months (P = 0.85). Major complications occurred in 7% and 6% (P < 0.58) and minor complications occurred in 18% and 20% (P = 0.65) of patients, respectively. Reoperation occurred in 21 patients (10%) after LRYGB and 31 (20%) patients after LAGB (P < 0.01). Of patients undergoing reoperation, eight (38%) LRYGB patients and one (3%) LAGB patient required open laparotomy. One death occurred in each group. Patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding have shorter operative times, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stays compared with laparoscopic gastric bypass patients. The incidence of major and minor complications is similar; however, morbidity after LRYGB is potentially greater and the reoperation rate is higher in the LAGB group. Early weight loss is greater with gastric bypass, but the difference appears to diminish over time. Presented at the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 15–19, 2004 (oral presentation). Supported in part by an educational grant from U.S. Surgical (Norwalk, CT).     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with truncal vagotomy versus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding alone: interim results of a prospective randomized trial

BackgroundIn an attempt to potentiate the effect of laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB) on weight reduction and to reduce the risk of weight regain, we added laparoscopic truncal vagotomy (TV) to adjustable LGB. We report on our early interim results of a prospective 5-year randomized clinical trial comparing patients who underwent LGB plus TV (LGBTV) with a control group who underwent LGB alone.MethodsFrom December 2005 to November 2006, patients were randomly allocated to LGBTV or LGB alone. In the LGBTV group, the anterior and posterior vagus trunks were isolated and resected after preparing and encircling the esophagus at the diaphragmatic crus. In both groups, an 11-cm Lap-Band System was positioned by way of the pars flaccida.ResultsA total of 50 patients were entered into the study. No mortality resulted, and no conversion to laparotomy was needed. Neither group had any intra- or postoperative complications. The mean weight, body mass index, and percentage of excess weight loss were not significantly different statistically between the 2 groups at 12 or 18 months after surgery (P = NS). At 6 months of follow-up, band adjustment was not required in 10 (50%) of 20 patients with LGBTV compared with 5 (20%) of 25 patients with LGB alone (P = .034). At 12 months, 7 (35%) of 20 LGBTV patients and 2 (8%) of 25 LGB patients still did not require band adjustment (P = .024). Conclusion: The results of our study have shown that adding TV to LGB does not cause specific morbidity or mortality compared with LGB alone. During the first postoperative year, the addition of TV to LGB decreased the number of patients requiring band adjustments.     

Two-step conversion surgery after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Comparison between laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic gastric sleeve

BackgroundDespite its worldwide popularity, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) requires revisional surgery for failures or complications, in 20–60% of cases. The purpose of this study was to compare in terms of efficacy and safety, the conversion of failed LAGB to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. (LSG).MethodsThe bariatric database of our institution was reviewed to identify patients who had undergone conversion of failed LAGB to LRYGB or to LSG, from November 2007 to June 2012.ResultsA total of 108 patients were included. Of these, 74 (68.5%) underwent conversion to LRYGB and 34 to LSG. All of the procedures were performed in 2-stage and laparoscopically. The mean follow-up for the LRYGB group was 29.1±17.9 months while for the LSG patients was 24.2±14.3 months. The mean body mass index (BMI) prior LRYGB and LSG was 45.6±7.8 and 47.5±5.6 (P = .09), respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 16.2% of the LRYGB patients and in 2.9% of the LSG group (P = .04). Mean percentage of excess weight loss was 59.9%±16.2% and 70.2%±16.7% in LRYGB, and it was 52.2%±11.4% and 59.9%±14.4% in LSG at 12 months (P = .007) and 24 months (P = .01) after conversion.ConclusionIn this series, LRYGB and LSG are both effective and adequate revisional procedure after failure of LAGB. While LRYGB seems to ensure greater weight loss at 24 months follow-up, LSG is associated with a lower postoperative morbidity.     

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty: results of a 2-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND: The world's epidemic of obesity is responsible for the development of bariatric surgery in recent decades. The number of gastrointestinal surgeries performed annually for severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2) in the United States has increased from about 16,000 in the early 1990s to about 103,000 in 2003. The surgical techniques can be classified as restrictive, malabsorptive, or mixed procedures. This article presents the results for 2 years of bariatric surgery in the authors' minimally invasive center and analyzes the results of the most used surgical techniques with regard to eating habits. METHODS: Between January 2002 and January 2004, the authors attempted operations for morbid obesity in 110 consecutive patients adequately selected by a multidisciplinary obesity unit. This represented 43% of all consultations for morbidly obese patients. The patients were classified as sweet eaters or non-sweet eaters. All sweet eaters underwent gastric bypass. The procedures included 70 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses, 39 Mason's vertical banded gastroplasties, and 1 combination of vertical gastroplasty with an antireflux procedure. Revision procedures were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 41.36 years (range, 23-67 years), and 72.3% were female. The mean preoperative body mass index was 44.78 kg/m2 (range, 34.75-70.16 kg/m2). The mean operating time was longer for gastric bypass than for the Mason procedure. Three patients required conversion to an open procedure (2.7%). The two operative techniques had the same efficacy in weight reduction. Early complications developed in 11 patients (10%), and late complications occurred in 9 patients (8.1%). The postoperative length of hospital stay averaged 4.4 days (range, 1-47 days; median, 4 days), and was longer in the gastric bypass group. The mortality rate was zero. Data were available 2 years after surgery for 101 of the 110 patients (91%). Most comorbid conditions resolved by 1 year after surgery regardless of the type of operation used. CONCLUSION: With zero mortality and low morbidity, bariatric surgery performed for adequately selected patients is the most effective therapeutic intervention for weight loss and subsequent amelioration or resolution of comorbidities. The patient's eating habits before surgery play an important role in the choice of the operative technique used.     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

The introduction of laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding (LASGB) has recently revolutionized gastric restrictive procedures in the treatment of morbid obesity. We analysed the short and long term results of this minimally invasive bariatric procedure. A total of 652 patients with a body mass of (median) 45 kg/m(2) were treated. There were only minor preoperative incidents. One patient died more than one month after the procedure. Early postoperative complications included 2 gastric perforations caused by a nasogastric tube and one early slipping of the band. Late complications occurred in 7% of the patients: 25 patients suffered a pouch dilation, 2 patients had gastric erosion by the band; 18 patients had port complications requiring reoperation. Loss of excess weight was 62% at 2 years. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity. The most frequent complication is pouch dilation. Further study is warranted for the evaluation of long term results.     

Five-year outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a comprehensive bariatric surgery program in Canada

Background

Bariatric surgery remains the most effective modality to induce sustainable weight loss in the morbidly obese. Our aim was to compare outcomes between the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) and the laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding device (LAGBD) method with 5-year follow-up in a Canadian bariatric surgery centre.

Methods

This is a retrospective outcomes analysis of 1035 laparoscopic bariatric procedures performed over 7 years. We extracted data from our prospectively collected bariatric surgery registry from Feb. 1, 2002, to Jun. 30, 2008. We evaluated patient demographics, weight loss, complications, mortality and need for revision surgery by procedure type.

Results

We examined outcomes in 149 (14.4%) LAGBD and 886 (85.6%) LRYGBP procedures. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the LRYGBP group (50.9, standard deviation [SD] 8.9, v. 45.0, SD 6.7) whereas age and sex ratio were the same. There were 3 deaths (0.3%) in the LRYGBP group and no deaths in the LAGBD group. Sixteen patients (10.8%) in the LAGBD group needed conversion to LRYGBP because of poor weight loss, band intolerance, band erosion or slippage, and 6 patients (0.7%) in the LRYGBP group required revision because of inability to achieve the desired weight loss. The percent excess-weight loss was 41, 49, 59, 60 and 61 at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years postsurgery for the LAGBD patients who kept their band, and 70, 79, 79, 79 and 75 for the LRYGBP patients.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic weight loss surgery can be performed safely with acceptable mortality. Our study suggests superior weight loss and low revision requirement for the LRYGBP, making this a more durable procedure in a publicly funded health care system.