大连地区母血及脐血中21种微量元素浓度测定分析

目的调查铁、锌、铜等11种必需微量元素及铅、砷、镉等10种有毒微量元素在正常产妇静脉血及新生儿脐血间的分布规律及其相关性,为孕期合理保健提供科学依据。方法随机对150名健康住院分娩的产妇分别抽取外周静脉血和新生儿脐静脉血,微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱（ICP-MS）法进行全血21种微量元素水平的测定。结果大连地区孕妇全血中微量元素铁、钴、硒、铬、钼、砷、镉、铊和钒的浓度在正常成人参考值范围,锌、钙、铜、铅、银和钡的浓度明显低于参考值,而镁、锰和镍的浓度则高于该范围。与母血中各种微量元素浓度相比,脐血中的锌、钴、铜、锰、镍、铅、砷和镉的浓度均显著性降低（P〈0.01）,而铁的浓度则显著高于母血（P〈0.01）。直线相关分析结果表明,母血与脐血之间钙、镁、钴、铅、砷、铍、银、钡和钍的浓度呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论微量元素在孕妇体内的浓度有别于正常成人的水平,新生儿体内微量元素的浓度与母亲体内微量元素的水平高低密切相关,孕期对上述多种重要的必需微量元素和有毒微量元素的水平进行监测和及时采取科学、有效的应对措施是优生的重要内容。     

The relation of BMI and skinfold thicknesses to risk factors among young and middle-aged adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Objective: Although adverse levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors are related to skinfold thicknesses and BMI among adults, the relative strengths of these associations are unknown. We examine whether the triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses are more strongly related to adult levels of lipids, fasting insulin and blood pressure than BMI.

Design and subjects: Cross-sectional (n = 3318) and longitudinal (n = 1593) analyses of 18- to 44-year-olds examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study from 1983 to 2002. Principal components analysis was used to derive a summary index of the six examined risk factors (triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures).

Results: The magnitudes of the differences were generally small, but all comparisons indicated that BMI was at least as strongly related to adverse risk factor levels as was the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses (SF sum). For example, adjusted cross-sectional associations with the risk factor summary were r = 0.55 (BMI) and r = 0.49 (SF sum), p < 0.001 for difference between correlations. Similar differences were seen in longitudinal analyses, with changes in the risk factor summary being more strongly associated with changes in BMI (r = 0.50) than with changes in the SF sum (r = 0.38).

Conclusion: BMI appears to be at least as accurate as skinfold thicknesses in identifying metabolic risk among adults. The advantages of BMI should be considered in the design and interpretation of clinical and epidemiologic studies.     

The effect of centrally administered TRH on blood pressure,heart rate and ventilation in rat

Different doses (3, 16, 80, 400 and 2000 ng per rat) of TRH or alternatively saline were infused into the lateral ventricle of urethane-ahaesthetized rats and blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and tidal volume were recorded. A dose of 3 ng TRH caused a significant elevation of blood pressure and heart rate, whereas 16 ng was needed for respiration rate to be elevated. There was no change in respiratory minute volume during the experiment. We conclude that TRH has profound physiological effects and that TRH, given centrally, is a potent hypertensive, chronotropic and tachypnoeic agent.     

云南姚安县心血管疾病流行病学及传统相关危险因素

目的:探讨云南省姚安县人群心血管病流行病学及危险因素水平,为心血管疾病的综合防治提供科学依据.方法:采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取姚安县辖区4个乡镇、8个村委会和4个社区卫生服务中心,18岁及以上常住居民1 450人进行心血管疾病危险因素随机抽样调查.结果:人群吸烟率26.3％,其中男性居民吸烟率为52.2％;超重者占9.1％;空腹血糖受损者占8.7％,糖尿病患病率16.9％;高血压患病率为44.5％,人群高血压知晓率为43.0％.结论:姚安县高血压及传统心血管危险因素水平相当突出,采取社区综合防治措施,进行有效控制已刻不容缓.     

Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is related to androgenicity and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Objectives

To investigate whether lipid accumulation product (LAP) is related to androgen and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels and to cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with no evidence of established cardiovascular disease.

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Main outcome measures

LAP (waist-58 × triglycerides [nmol/L]), LAP ≥ arbitrary cutoff point of 34.5, serum testosterone, SHBG, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP).

Results

Forty-nine women (mean age 55 ± 5 years; median amenorrhea time 5.5 years [3–8]) were studied: 14% had the metabolic syndrome and 24.5% were hypertensive. Compared with LAP < 34.5, LAP ≥ 34.5 (n = 29, 59%) was associated with higher testosterone (p = 0.021) and free androgen index (FAI) (p = 0.003) and lower SHBG levels (p = 0.013). Us-CRP (p = 0.012), total cholesterol (p = 0.041), glucose (p = 0.020) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) (p = 0.019) were higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.001) was lower with LAP ≥ 34.5. LAP was positively correlated with total testosterone (r = 0.349, p = 0.014), FAI (rs = 0.470, p = 0.001), us-CRP (r = 0.315, p = 0.042), systolic (r = 0.318, p = 0.028) and diastolic (r = 0.327, p = 0.023) blood pressure, total cholesterol (r = 0.498, p < 0.001) and glucose (rs = 0.319, p = 0.026). LAP was negatively correlated with SHBG (rs = −0.430, p = 0.003) and HDL-C (r = −0.319, p = 0.026).

Conclusions

LAP index seems to be associated with androgens and SHBG and with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Also, LAP seems to be a suitable method to screen for cardiovascular risk in postmenopause.     

Expression analysis of intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2) in the context of classical cardiovascular risk factors in acute coronary syndrome patients

Introduction

Cardiopulmonary diseases are the most common cause of hospitalization and death. Often the basic problem is endothelial dysfunction leading to elevated expression of adhesion proteins as well as increased adhesion and aggregation of blood cells. The goal of the study was to assess expression level of intercellular adhesive molecule-2 (ICAM-2) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods

The obtained data were analysed in the context of the occurrence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. The two studied groups consisted of 60 ACS patients and 20 healthy individuals who both were qualified based on electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic echocardiography and biochemical tests. The ACS patients additionally had coronary angiography performed. The number of ICAM-2 gene mRNA molecules was evaluated on the basis of QRT-PCR reaction kinetics. To compare the results the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results were judged statistically significant if p < 0.05.

Results

Analysis of the results showed a significantly higher number of ICAM-2 gene mRNA copies in ACS patients compared to healthy subjects (140920 ±105207 and 15023 ±14325, respectively). Furthermore, our results indicate a correlation between obesity (p = 0.012) and positive burdening family history (p = 0.041) and increased ICAM-2 levels in patients with ACS.

Conclusions

Increased ICAM-2 gene expression in ACS patients is probably symptomatic of endothelium dysfunction and may be responsible for intensified adhesion and aggregation processes as well as for appearance of acute coronary syndrome. These results indicate a correlation between obesity and burdening family history on the one hand, and increased ICAM-2 levels in patients with ACS, on the other.     

When to measure resting values in studies of children's cardiovascular reactivity

Investigations suggesting that the order of obtaining resting and cardiovascular reactivity measurements moderates values have provided inconsistent results and have not analyzed data from children; the generalizability of results is uncertain. In this investigation, all children enrolled in the eighth-grade classrooms of the public schools of an entire county (n=451) participated in standardized reactivity assessments. The order of resting and reactivity measurements was randomized by examination day (a total of 19 days). Analyses indicated that all comparisons of order effects on mean resting blood pressure and heart rate, as well as reactivity (both change from resting and absolute values and both mean and maximal values), were nonsignificant. Results indicate that measurement order is not always a necessary consideration in studies of reactivity; the conditions under which measurement order is a consideration requires clarification.Dr. Joseph K. Murphy passed away in March of 1994.     

黑龙江省汉族及朝鲜族成年人血压的差别及相关因素分析

目的 比较黑龙江省汉族与朝鲜族血压差别,分析血压差别相关因素.方法 采用BIOZ.com<'TM>心功能监测仪检测1247名汉族和676名朝鲜族19～80岁人群体循环血管阻力(SVR)、血压等指标.采取生化方法检测血脂血糖.用SPSS16.0统计结果.结果 民族(汉为1,朝鲜为2)与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血糖(CLU)、Ca2+正相关.排除性别、年龄和BMI影响后,朝鲜族收缩压/舒张压比汉族高3.73/3.54 mmHg.单因素回归分析:TG、LDL、GLU和Ca<'2>+分别引起朝-汉之间SBP/DBP差别变化达-0.5%/0.5%、-36.1%/-61.7%、-74.6%/-83.0%和-71.4/-81.6%.结论 血脂、血糖及血钙水平差别在两民族血压差别中起重要作用.     

Importance of proper scaling of aerobic power when relating to cardiometabolic risk factors in children

Background: The relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) and aerobic power (VO_2max) scaled as mL O₂ per kilogram body mass is controversial because mass includes both fat and fat-free mass, and fat mass is independently associated with the CMRF.

Aim: To examine common units used to scale VO_2max and their relationships to mean blood pressure (MBP), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and cumulative risk score (z-score).

Subjects: 1784, 8–18 year-old youths, 938 girls and 886 boys.

Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained. VO_2max was estimated in mL/min from cycle ergometry and scaled to body mass (kg), fat free mass (kg_FFM), body surface area (m²), height (cm) and allometric (mL/kg^0.67/min).

Results: Unadjusted correlations between CMRF and many of the scaled VO_2max units were significant (p < 0.0001), especially for MBP, HOMA-IR, HDL and z-score, with lower correlations for TC and TG. After adjusting for ancestry, sex, height and body fat associations were greatly weakened (r < 0.09), except for MBP.

Conclusions: On a population basis, the physical characteristics of the child, especially body fat, are more related to CMRF than any scaled units of VO_2max; thus care is needed when relating fitness and health issues.     

Vitamin D metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to focus on the association of vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Review of the relevant literature and results from recent clinical studies as well as critical analysis of published results concerning the association of vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women obtained from both a PubMed and individual searches.

Results and discussion

Both basic science and clinical studies support the protective role of vitamin D on cardiovascular health, although there are controversial results in the literature. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, lipoprotein alterations, hypertension, overweight and obesity. The evidence highlights the importance of improving vitamin D status in the general population for the prevention of adverse long-term health risks, including cardiovascular health. The optimal vitamin D dose remains to be determined. However, correction of low vitamin D itself does not guarantee the prevention of these conditions.     

Genetic variation in ORMDL3 gene may contribute to the risk of asthma: A meta-analysis

Background

Since the first genome-wide association study report of an association between the ORMDL3 rs7216389 polymorphism and asthma, many studies have been carried out to establish its role in asthma susceptibility among different ethnic groups. However, results have not been consistent across all studies, compelling us to conduct the present meta-analysis.

Methods

A literature search for eligible studies published before January 20, 2014 was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI databases. The association was assessed using pooled crude odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 18 individual studies in 15 publications (total 7904 asthma patients and 10,874 healthy controls) were included in the meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of all included studies suggested that there was a highly significant risk effect conferred by the rs7216389*T allele on asthma susceptibility. In addition, we performed stratified analyses to evaluate ethnicity-specific and age-specific effects. Our subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and age-of-onset confirmed the role of the ORMDL3 rs7216389 polymorphism in conferring susceptibility to both childhood- and adult-onset asthma, especially in Caucasians and Asians.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis firmly established that genetic variation at the rs7216389 locus, which controls the expression of the ORMDL3, may be a major, independent predisposing factor for asthma in ethnically diverse populations. However, further systematic studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of this association.     

肥胖儿童血清高敏C反应蛋白、瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体和胰岛素的水平及意义

目的探讨肥胖儿童血清高敏C反应蛋白、瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体及胰岛素的水平变化及临床意义。方法对64例12岁肥胖儿童进行血清高敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein,hs-CRP）、瘦素（leptin,Lp）、可溶性瘦素受体（soluble leptin receptor,sLR）及胰岛素（Insulin,INS）的水平测定,与48例健康体检儿童进行对照比较。其中,血清Lp、INS采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定,sLR采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测,hs-CRP采用电化学发光免疫法测定。结果肥胖儿童组血清hs-CRP、Lp、INS水平及BMI均显著高于对照组（均P〈0.01）,sLR水平低于对照组（P〈0.05）;相关性分析显示肥胖儿童血清hs-CRP水平与Lp、INS、BMI之间均呈显著性正相关性（r=0.575,P〈0.01;r=0.504,P〈0.01;r=0.685,P〈0.01）,与sLR呈显著性负相关性（r=-0.339,P〈0.01）;Lp与INS、BMI之间呈显著性正相关性（r=0.352,P〈0.01;r=0.503,P〈0.01）,与sLR呈显著性负相关性（r=-0.467,P〈0.01）,sLR与BMI呈显著性负相关性（r=-0.398,P〈0.01）。结论肥胖儿童已存在炎症状态的改变及瘦素、胰岛素抵抗,且三方面密切相关。对这些血清学指标的检测,有助于儿童肥胖状态的监控和治疗。     

The effects of amrinone and glucagon on verapamil-induced cardiovascular toxicity in anaesthetized rats

The goal of this study was to compare the effects of glucagon and amrinone on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate, when used alone and in combination, in an anaesthetized rat model of verapamil toxicity. Rats were anaesthetized and the carotid artery was cannulated for MAP and heart rate measurements. Jugular and femoral veins were cannulated for drug administration. After verapamil infusion (15 mg/kg/h), control animals were given normal saline solution and the other groups received amrinone (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg/min), glucagon (0.3 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg/min infusion), glucagon plus amrinone (0.1 mg/kg/min and 0.1 mg/kg/min respectively) or glucagon plus amrinone (0.2 mg/kg/min and 0.1 mg/kg/min respectively). Glucagon (0.2 mg/kg/min) significantly increased MAP when compared to the control group ( P  < 0.01). The combination of glucagon and amrinone did not produce a synergistic effect for the recovery of MAP. Furthermore, this combination masked the positive effects of glucagon (0.2 mg/kg/min) on MAP.Glucagon (0.2 mg/kg/min) increased the heart rates compared with those of the control group ( P  < 0.05). Additionally, amrinone (0.1 mg/kg/min) plus glucagon (0.1 mg/kg/min) increased the heart rates ( P  < 0.05). Finally, glucagon dose dependently recovered MAP. While amrinone depressed MAP in combination with glucagon, it did not alter the positive chronotropic effect of high dose glucagon.     

中枢性协调障碍患儿听神经通路损伤调查及高危因素分析

目的调查中枢性协调障碍患儿听神经通路损伤情况,探讨其听神经通路损伤的高危因素,为防治提供参考依据。方法回顾性调查846例住院中枢性协调障碍患儿病历资料,了解听神经通路的损伤情况,分析其高危因素。结果有197例有听神经通路损伤,发生率为23.3%,以周围性听神经通路损伤为主,病理性黄疸（OR=1.721）和宫内感染（OR=2.166）是听神经通路损伤的高度危险因素。结论中枢性协调障碍患儿听神经通路损伤较高,要注意新生儿期病理性黄疸的预防和治疗及避免母孕期宫内感染。     

Maternal serum lead levels and risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a cohort study in a maternity hospital,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Preeclampsia is one of the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of preeclampsia has not yet been fully elucidated. There has been confliction in results on the role of maternal lead in preeclampsia. Keeping in view with the scarcity of data on role of lead in preeclamptic women of Saudi Arabia and the disparity in earlier findings, the present study was carried out to determine the levels of maternal serum lead in patients with preeclampsia in comparison to normal pregnancy. The study consisted of 120 pregnant women divided into three groups of 40 each, control, HR group and PET group. The serum levels of lead were estimated by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. We found that the mean value of serum lead was 18.23 ± 2.34, 20.08 ± 2.15 and 27.18 ± 2.13 µg/dl in control, high risk group and preeclamptic group respectively. The levels of Pb were found to decrease significantly (P < 0.05) in preeclamptic group compared to control. However, there was no significant change in levels of Pb when HR group was compared to Control and preeclamptic group. In the present study, we observed that serum levels of lead were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, negative correlation was observed between Pb and BMI ruling out the association of BMI with preeclampsia. It is thus concluded that preeclampsia is associated with significant increase in maternal lead and these increasing levels of serum lead pose a significant risk in pregnant women to preeclampsia.     

Whether to measure change from baseline or absolute level in studies of children's cardiovascular reactivity: A two-year follow-up

Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest and during a television video game in 399 healthy children. At the first assessment, children were in third grade and at the 2-year follow-up, they were in fifth grade. Children were classified according to race (black/white), gender (boy/girl), body mass index (light/heavy), and video game performance (low score/high score). Correlational analysis indicated that irrespective of the classification variable, absolute reactivity values, e.g., a heart rate of 110 bpm, tended to be more stable than change reactivity values, e.g., a heart rate change of 10 bpm. The greater stability of absolute values was most pronounced with systolic blood pressure. Absolute values were at least as stable as resting values and frequently demonstrated greater stability. Mean and maximal reactivities were correlated comparably. We conclude that children's reactivity is a stable characteristic and that, unless indicated by a priorihypotheses, the use of absolute values is preferable to the use of change values.This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (HL-44847 and HL-35788).     

PINK1基因多态位点IVS5-5G＞A可能增加中国人晚发性帕金森病的发病风险

目的探讨PINK1基因第5外显子上游调控区IVS5-5G>A多态位点与散发晚发性帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)发病风险的关联性。方法对IVS5-5G>A多态位点是否可能影响mRNA剪接进行了生物信息学分析。采用病例-对照的方法对382例散发晚发性PD病例和336名匹配的对照进行了PINK1基因IVS5-5G>A多态与中国汉族人散发晚发性帕金森病的发病风险的关联研究。基因型分型采用聚合酶链反应,变性高效液相色谱和测序相结合的方法。等位基因频率和基因型频率分布差异的比较采用卡方检验。结果生物信息学分析内含子区IVS5-5G>A多态位点位于第5外显子剪接受点区域内,可能是影响基因表达的调控区功能性单核苷酸多态性。PINK1基因IVS5-5G>A多态性与中国人散发晚发性PD发病风险之间存在有统计学意义的相关性(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.29～2.94,P=0.0012)。携有A等位基因的纯合子(AA)发病风险明显增加(OR=2.45,95%CI:1.27～4.72,P=0.009)。结论研究结果证实PINK1基因IVS5-5G>A多态性可能是中国人晚发PD的一个危险因素。     

Raised serum levels of interleukin-18 is associated with disease progression and may contribute to virological treatment failure in HIV-1-infected patients

To gain further insight into the possible role of interleukin (IL)-18 in HIV-1 infection we examined serum levels of IL-18 in various clinical and immunological stages of HIV-1 infection during cross-sectional (n = 41) and longitudinal testing (n = 20) and during HAART (n = 21, 24 months follow-up). Our main findings were that HIV-1-infected patients had significantly raised IL-18 levels comparing healthy controls, particularly in those with advanced disease, that while HAART induced a marked decline in IL-18, virological treatment failure was associated with persistently raised IL-18 levels during such therapy and that our in vitro experiments showed an IL-18-mediated up-regulation of the HIV-1 coreceptor CXCR4 and the pro-apoptotic mediator TRAIL in PBMC from HIV-1-infected patients receiving HAART. HIV-1 infection appears to be characterized by persistently raised IL-18 levels and during HAART, such a pattern was associated with virological treatment failure, possibly contributing to immunodeficiency and HIV-1 replication in these patients.